arXiv subjects

Juan Migliore

Publications and source records attributed to Juan Migliore.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Artin-Schreier geproci configurations in projective spaces of arbitrary dimension

We construct finite geproci sets in every projective dimension and in every positive characteristic by introducing $\mathbb{F}_N$-Artin-Schreier configurations. In $\mathbb{P}^3$, we characterize exactly when such configurations are geproci: an $\mathbb{F}_N$-Artin-Schreier configuration on $q$ lines spanning $\mathbb{P}^3$ is $(q,N)$-geproci if and only if $q\leq N$. We then develop a lifting construction which produces geproci sets in $\mathbb{P}^n$ for every $n\geq 3$.

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arXiv2026

Enumerative geometry of skew lines in $\mathbb P^3$ with a given associated finite group

For any finite set $\mathcal L$ of 3 or more skew lines in $\mathbb P^3_{\overline{K}}$ over an algebraically closed field $\overline{K}$ of arbitrary characteristic, there is a canonical associated subgroup $G_{\mathcal L}$ of ${\rm PGL}_2(\overline{K})$. Given a finite subgroup $G\subset{\rm PGL}_2(\overline{K})$ we study which configurations of lines have $G_{\mathcal L}=G$. We derive an upper bound on the number $|\mathcal L|$ of lines in terms of the order $|G|$ of the group $G$ and as an application we classify up to projective equivalence which sets $\mathcal L$ in $\mathbb P^3_{\mathbb C}$ have $G_{\mathcal L}=G$ for certain finite nonabelian groups $G$.

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arXiv2026

Weddle schemes

The classical Weddle surface is the locus of vertices of quadric cones through six points in $\mathbb{P}^3$ in linear general position. Equivalently, it is the closure of the locus of centers of projection from which those six points map to six points on a plane conic. Motivated by this 1850 construction of T. Weddle, we introduce $d$-Weddle schemes for finite point sets $Z\subset \mathbb{P}^n$, defined by an analogous projection-to-degree-$d$ condition. Our main tool is Macaulay duality, which yields a natural multiplication map in an Artinian algebra defined by powers of linear forms. This viewpoint connects $d$-Weddle schemes to unexpected cones and interprets them as non-Lefschetz loci for these multiplication maps. Parallel to this, we give an analysis from the point of view of interpolation matrices, and we explain the connections between these approaches. For a general set $Z\subset \mathbb{P}^n$ of $\binom{d+n}{n}$ points, we show that the $d$-Weddle scheme is a hypersurface and we compute its degree. We also study general sets whose cardinalities are "near" such a binomial coefficient, where the Weddle scheme has higher codimension. Returning to sets of six points (not always in linear general position), we discuss special configurations in which the appropriate Weddle scheme is reducible, or even nonreduced.

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arXiv2026

Weak and strong Lefschetz properties for Hartshorne-Rao modules of curves in $\mathbb P^3$

Let $C\subset \mathbb P^3$ be a curve over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero, and let $M(C)$ denote its Hartshorne-Rao module. We study how the geometry of $C$ influences whether $M(C)$ satisfies the Weak and Strong Lefschetz Properties. We first consider unions of general skew lines and prove that multiplication by $L^i$, for a general linear form $L$, has maximal rank on $M(C)$ for $i=1,2,3$. The proof uses a specialization to zero-dimensional schemes that can be written as a union of curvilinear schemes, each of a particular type and of degree at most three, together with generic Hilbert function results for such schemes, which are of independent interest. We then examine how special geometric configurations can affect the Weak Lefschetz Property. In particular, we show that curves on a smooth quadric surface have Hartshorne-Rao modules with the Weak Lefschetz Property, and that the property persists for unions of skew lines with all but one line on a quadric. By contrast, for $r\geq 10$, we construct configurations of $r$ skew lines with all but two lines on a quadric whose Hartshorne-Rao modules fail the Weak Lefschetz Property. Finally, we study smooth irreducible curves. We prove the Weak Lefschetz Property in several low-degree cases, construct a degree 15 curve for which it fails, and show that general nondegenerate rational curves have Hartshorne-Rao modules with the Weak Lefschetz Property. These results illustrate both the strength and the limitations of geometric hypotheses in controlling Lefschetz properties of Hartshorne-Rao modules.

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arXiv2026

Intersection of curves in projective 4 space

Given two distinct reduced, irreducible curves of given degrees, contained in projective space but whose union is not contained in a hyperplane, what is the largest number of points of intersection they can have? When the projective space is the plane, this is trivial. For projective 3 space this problem was solved independently by Diaz and by Giuffrida in 1986. They showed that two curves achieving the maximum number of intersection points have to be rational curves on a smooth surface of minimal degree, i.e., a quadric surface. Note that these curves are far from being arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay. In contrast, Hartshorne and Miró-Roig addressed this problem in 2015 for space curves under the assumption that the curves are arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay (ACM), introducing very deep techniques and obtaining very different results from Diaz and Giuffrida. Diaz and Giuffrida also gave initial results in dimensions greater than 3. Here we continue this study for dimension 4. We introduce a number B defined in terms of the degrees of the curves and prove that when both curves lie on a surface of minimal degree (thus a cubic surface) then the number of points of intersection is at most B. Moreover, we conjecture that B is always an upper bound and we prove this conjecture in many cases, including when at least one of the curves is ACM. Our approach focuses on the genera of the curves and their union. In addition we define a second number B' in terms of the degrees and the genus of the union which we can show bounds the number of points of intersection above, and we use a variety of methods to study how B and B' compare.

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arXiv2025

Jacobian Ideals of Hyperplane Arrangements and their Graded Betti Numbers

A hyperplane arrangement $\cA$ is said to be free if the corresponding Jacobian ideal $J_\cA$ is Cohen-Macaulay. If $\cA$ is free then $J_\cA$ is unmixed (i.e. equidimensional). Freeness is an important property, yet its presence is not well understood. A conjecture of Terao says that freeness of $\cA$ depends only on the intersection lattice of $\cA$. Given an arrangement $\cA$, we define the ideal $J_\cA^{top}$ to be the intersection of the codimension 2 primary components of $J_\cA$. This ideal is unmixed, but not necessarily Cohen-Macaulay; if $\cA$ is free then $J_\cA = J_\cA^{top}$. We develop a new method for studying the ideals $J_\cA$ and $J_\cA^{top}$ and establish results in the spirit of Terao's conjecture, focusing on $J_\cA^{top}$ rather than $J_\cA$. It is based on a new application of liaison theory, the general residual of $\cA$. This residual ideal defines a scheme with surprisingly simple properties. These allow us to track back to $J_\cA^{top}$. Extending earlier results with Schenck, we identify mild conditions on a hyperplane arrangement which imply that the Hilbert function of $\Jac( f_\cA)^{top}$ or even its graded Betti numbers, are determined by the intersection lattice of $\cA$. We establish new bounds on the global Tjurina number of a hyperplane arrangement. For line arrangements, we show that the graded Betti numbers of $\Jac( f_\cA)^{sat}$ determine the graded Betti numbers of $\Jac( f_\cA)$, and of the corresponding Milnor module $J_\cA^{sat}/J_\cA$. We obtain a new freeness criterion for line arrangements -- it highlights the fact that free line arrangements are special by proving that a related codimension two ideal has the least possible number of generators, namely two, if and only if $\cA$ is free. We illustrate our results by computing the graded Betti numbers for a number of basic arrangements that were not accessible with previous methods.

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arXiv2025

Combinatorics of skew lines in $\mathbb P^3$ with an application to algebraic geometry

This article introduces a previously unrecognized combinatorial structure underlying configurations of skew lines in $\mathbb{P}^3$, and reveals its deep and surprising connection to the algebro-geometric concept of geproci sets. Given any field $\mathbb{K}$ and a finite set $\mathcal L$ of 3 or more skew lines in $\mathbb{P}^3_\mathbb{K}$, we associate to it a group $G_{\mathcal L}$ and a groupoid $C_{\mathcal L}$ whose action on the union $\cup_{L\in\mathcal L}L$ provides orbits which have a rich combinatorial structure. We characterize when $G_{\mathcal L}$ is abelian and give partial results on its finiteness. The notion of \emph{collinearly complete} subsets is introduced and shown to correspond exactly to unions of groupoid orbits. In the case where $\mathbb{K}$ is a finite field and $\mathcal L$ is a full spread in $\mathbb{P}^3_\mathbb{K}$ (i.e., every point of $\mathbb{P}^3_\mathbb{K}$ lies on a line in $\mathcal{L}$), we prove that $G_{\mathcal L}$ being abelian characterizes the classical spread given by the fibers of the Hopf fibration. Over any algebraically closed field, we establish that finite unions of $C_{\mathcal L}$-orbits are geproci sets - that is, finite sets whose general projections to a plane are complete intersections. Furthermore, we prove a converse: if $\mathbb{K}$ is algebraically closed and $Z \subset \mathbb{P}^3_\mathbb{K}$ is a geproci set consisting of $m$ points on each of $s \geq 3$ skew lines $\mathcal L$ where the general projection of $Z$ is a complete intersection of type $(m, s)$, then $Z$ is a finite union of orbits of $C_{\mathcal L}$. This work thus uncovers a profound combinatorial framework governing geproci sets, providing a new bridge between incidence combinatorics and algebraic geometry.

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arXiv2024

On the arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay property for sets of points in multiprojective spaces

Published version: We study the arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay (ACM) property for finite sets of points in multiprojective spaces, especially $(\mathbb P^1)^n$. A combinatorial characterization, the $(\star)$-property, is known in $\mathbb P^1 \times \mathbb P^1$. We propose a combinatorial property, $(\star_n)$, that directly generalizes the $(\star)$-property to $(\mathbb P^1)^n$ for larger $n$. We show that $X$ is ACM if and only if it satisfies the $(\star_n)$-property. The main tool for several of our results is an extension to the multiprojective setting of certain liaison methods in projective space. Corrigendum: We correct a mistake in the cited paper. It introduced a combinatorial property, the $(\star_n)$-property, for a finite set of points $X$ in $(\mathbb P^1)^n$ and claimed that this property holds if and only if $X$ is ACM. In fact $X$ being ACM is a sufficient condition for the $(\star_n)$-property, but we only prove that it is necessary when $n=3$, and we give a counterexample when $n=4$.

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arXiv2024

Jacobian schemes arising from hypersurface arrangements in $\mathbb P^n$

Freeness is an important property of a hypersurface arrangement, although its presence is not well understood. A hypersurface arrangement in $\PP^n$ is free if $S/J$ is Cohen-Macaulay (CM), where $S = K[x_0,\ldots,x_n]$ and $J$ is the Jacobian ideal. We study three related unmixed ideals: $J^{top}$, the intersection of height two primary components, $\sqrt{J^{top}}$, the radical of $J^{top}$, and when the $f_i$ are smooth we also study $\sqrt{J}$. Under mild hypotheses, we show that these ideals are CM. This establishes a full generalization of an earlier result with Schenck from hyperplane arrangements to hypersurface arrangements. If the hypotheses fail for an arrangement in projective $3$-space, the Hartshorne-Rao module measures the failure of CMness. We establish consequences for the even liaison classes of $J^{top}$ and $\sqrt{J}$.

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arXiv2024

Finite sets of points in $\mathbb{P}^4$ with special projection properties

In this note we introduce the notion of $(b,d)$-geprofi sets and study their basic properties. These are sets of $bd$ points in $\mathbb{P}^4$ whose projection from a general point to a hyperplane is a full intersection, i.e., the intersection of a curve of degree $b$ and a surface of degree $d$. We show that such nontrivial sets exist if and only if $b\geq 4$ and $d\geq 2$. Somewhat surprisingly, for infinitely many values of $b$ and $d$ there exist such sets in linear general position. The note contains open questions and problems.

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arXiv2024

On the Weak Lefschetz Property for certain ideals generated by powers of linear forms

Ideals $I\subseteq R=k[\mathbb P^n]$ generated by powers of linear forms arise, via Macaulay duality, from sets of fat points $X\subseteq \mathbb P^n$. Properties of $R/I$ are connected to the geometry of the corresponding fat points. When the linear forms are general, many authors have studied the question of whether or not $R/I$ has the Weak Lefschetz Property (WLP). We study this question instead for ideals coming from a family of sets of points called grids. We give a complete answer in the case of uniform powers of linear forms coming from square grids, and we give a conjecture and approach for the case of nonsquare grids. In the cases where WLP holds, we also describe the non-Lefschetz locus.

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arXiv2024

On the classification of certain geproci sets

In this short note we develop new methods toward the ultimate goal of classifying geproci sets in $\mathbb P^3$. We apply these methods to show that among sets of $16$ points distributed evenly on $4$ skew lines, up to projective equivalence there are only two distinct geproci sets. We give different geometric distinctions between these sets. The methods we develop here can be applied in a more general set-up; this is the context of the follow-up work arXiv:2308.00761.

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arXiv2023

Geproci sets on skew lines in $\mathbb P^3$ with two transversals

The purpose of this work is to pursue classification of geproci sets. Specifically we classify $[m,n]$-geproci sets which consist of $m=4$ points on each of $n$ skew lines, assuming the skew lines have two transversals in common. We show that in this case $n\leq 6$. Moreover we show that all geproci sets of this type are contained in the \emph{standard construction} for $m=4$ introduced in arXiv:2209.04820. Finally, we propose a conjectural representation for all geproci sets of this type, irrespective of the number $m$ of points on each skew line.

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arXiv2023

On the Weak Lefschetz Property for height four equigenerated complete intersections

We consider the conjecture that all artinian height 4 complete intersections of forms of the same degree $d$ have the Weak Lefschetz Property (WLP). We translate this problem to one of studying the general hyperplane section of a certain smooth curve in $\mathbb P^3$, and our main tools are the Socle Lemma of Huneke and Ulrich together with a careful liaison argument. Our main results are (i) a proof that the property holds for $d=3,4$ and 5; (ii) a partial result showing maximal rank in a non-trivial but incomplete range, cutting in half the previous unknown range; and (iii) a proof that maximal rank holds in a different range, even without assuming that all the generators have the same degree. We furthermore conjecture that if there were to exist any height 4 complete intersection generated by forms of the same degree and failing WLP then there must exist one (not necessarily the same one) failing by exactly one (in a sense that we make precise). Based on this conjecture we outline an approach to proving WLP for all equigenerated complete intersections in four variables. Finally, we apply our results to the Jacobian ideal of a smooth surface in~$\mathbb P^3$.

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arXiv2023

Unexpected hypersurfaces and their consequences: A Survey

The notion of an unexpected curve in the plane was introduced in 2018, and was quickly generalized in several directions in a flurry of mathematical activity by many authors. In this expository paper we first describe some of the main results on unexpected hypersurfaces. Then we summarize two offshoots of this theory. First we look at sets of points in $\mathbb P^3$ whose general projection is a planar complete intersection (so-called {\it geproci} sets). Although we now know a lot about these sets, much remains mysterious. Then we describe an interesting measure of unexpectedness called {\it $AV$-sequences}, which have a surprising structure that is not yet fully understood.

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arXiv2022

Configurations of points in projective space and their projections

We call a set of points $Z\subset{\mathbb P}^{3}_{\mathbb C}$ an $(a,b)$-geproci set (for GEneral PROjection is a Complete Intersection) if its projection from a general point $P$ to a plane is a complete intersection of curves of degrees $a$ and $b$. Examples which we call grids have been known since 2011. The only nongrid nondegenerate examples previously known had $ab=12, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54$ or $60$. Here, for any $4 \leq a \leq b$, we construct nongrid nondegenerate $(a,b)$-geproci sets in a systematic way. We also show that the only such example with $a=3$ is a $(3,4)$-geproci set coming from the $D_4$ root system, and we describe the $D_4$ configuration in detail. We also consider the question of the equivalence (in various senses) of geproci sets, as well as which sets occur over the reals, and which cannot. We identify several additional examples of geproci sets with interesting properties. We also explore the relation between unexpected cones and geproci sets and introduce the notion of $d$-Weddle schemes arising from special projections of finite sets of points. This work initiates the exploration of new perspectives on classical areas of geometry. We formulate and discuss a range of open problems in the final chapter.

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arXiv2021

The ACM property for unions of lines in $\mathbb P^1 \times \mathbb P^2$

This paper examines the Arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay (ACM) property for certain codimension 2 varieties in $\mathbb P^1\times \mathbb P^2$ called sets of lines in $\mathbb P^1\times \mathbb P^2$ (not necessarily reduced). We discuss some obstacles to finding a general characterization. We then consider certain classes of such curves, and we address two questions. First, when are they themselves ACM? Second, in a non-ACM reduced configuration, is it possible to replace one component of a primary (prime) decomposition by a suitable power (i.e. to "fatten" one line) to make the resulting scheme ACM? Finally, for our classes of such curves, we characterize the locally Cohen-Macaulay property in combinatorial terms by introducing the definition of a fully v-connected configuration. We apply some of our results to give analogous ACM results for sets of lines in $\mathbb P^3$.

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arXiv2020

Sets of points which project to complete intersections

The motivating problem addressed by this paper is to describe those non-degenerate sets of points $Z$ in $\mathbb P^3$ whose general projection to a general plane is a complete intersection of curves in that plane. One large class of such $Z$ is what we call $(m,n)$-grids. We relate this problem to the {\em unexpected cone property} ${\mathcal C}(d)$, a special case of the unexpected hypersurfaces which have been the focus of much recent research. After an analysis of ${\mathcal C}(d)$ for small $d$, we show that a non-degenerate set of $9$ points has a general projection that is the complete intersection of two cubics if and only if the points form a $(3,3)$-grid. However, in an appendix we describe a set of $24$ points that are not a grid but nevertheless have the projection property. These points arise from the $F_4$ root system. Furthermore, from this example we find subsets of $20$, $16$ and $12$ points with the same feature.

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