arXiv subjects

Julius O. Smith III

Publications and source records attributed to Julius O. Smith III.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Four Decades of Digital Waveguides

Digital waveguide physical modeling offers efficient simulation of acoustic wave propagation as compared to general finite-difference schemes commonly used in computational physics. This efficiency has enabled the real-time implementation of physically modeled musical instruments and sound effects, as well as real-time vocal models and artificial reverberation. This paper provides an overview of the historical evolution and applications of digital waveguide modeling and highlights recent advances in the field. Parametric optimization using classical, evolutionary and neural approaches are also discussed and compared. Digital waveguides provide physically accurate simulations with reduced computational cost, and can now be optimized with modern machine learning and differentiable digital signal processing techniques.

eess.AS↗

arXiv2025

Aliasing Reduction in Neural Amp Modeling by Smoothing Activations

The increasing demand for high-quality digital emulations of analog audio hardware, such as vintage tube guitar amplifiers, led to numerous works on neural network-based black-box modeling, with deep learning architectures like WaveNet showing promising results. However, a key limitation in all of these models was the aliasing artifacts stemming from nonlinear activation functions in neural networks. In this paper, we investigated novel and modified activation functions aimed at mitigating aliasing within neural amplifier models. Supporting this, we introduced a novel metric, the Aliasing-to-Signal Ratio (ASR), which quantitatively assesses the level of aliasing with high accuracy. Measuring also the conventional Error-to-Signal Ratio (ESR), we conducted studies on a range of preexisting and modern activation functions with varying stretch factors. Our findings confirmed that activation functions with smoother curves tend to achieve lower ASR values, indicating a noticeable reduction in aliasing. Notably, this improvement in aliasing reduction was achievable without a substantial increase in ESR, demonstrating the potential for high modeling accuracy with reduced aliasing in neural amp models.

eess.AS↗

arXiv2019

A Spatial Sampling Approach to Wave Field Synthesis: PBAP and Huygens Arrays

A simple approach to microphone- and speaker-arrays is described in which the microphone array is regarded as a sampling grid for the acoustic field, and the corresponding speaker-array is treated as a "spatial digital to analog converter" that reconstructs the acoustic field from its spatial samples. Advantages of this approach include ease of understanding and teaching, ease of deployment, effective practical guidelines for deployment, and significant computational savings in special cases. In particular, in the far-field case (acoustic sources many wavelengths away from a linear array of speakers) it is possible to quantize source angles slightly so that no processing per speaker is required beyond pure integer delay. Smoothly moving sources are obtained using well known delay-line interpolation techniques such as linear (cross-fading) and Lagrange (polynomial) interpolation between/among speakers. We call the far-field line-array case Planewave-Based Angle Panning (PBAP), in reference to the well-known Vector-Based Amplitude Panning (VBAP) family of techniques, some of which are derived here as special cases: When speakers undersample the acoustic field, the result may be considered a form of VBAP, and VBAP is also obtained as a limiting case of polygonal PBAP arrays truncated to the polygon perimeter. Spatial samples need not be on a linear array, leading to a simple spatial audio system we call Huygens Arrays (HA). HAs are quite general for sources located behind the speaker array, which no longer needs to be linear, and the sources are no longer restricted to the far field. Multiband and hybrid arrays employing VBAP (or stereo) and subwoofer(s) are discussed, using sampling theory to inform the choices of crossover frequencies.

cs.SD↗

arXiv2015

Efficient Synthesis of Room Acoustics via Scattering Delay Networks

An acoustic reverberator consisting of a network of delay lines connected via scattering junctions is proposed. All parameters of the reverberator are derived from physical properties of the enclosure it simulates. It allows for simulation of unequal and frequency-dependent wall absorption, as well as directional sources and microphones. The reverberator renders the first-order reflections exactly, while making progressively coarser approximations of higher-order reflections. The rate of energy decay is close to that obtained with the image method (IM) and consistent with the predictions of Sabine and Eyring equations. The time evolution of the normalized echo density, which was previously shown to be correlated with the perceived texture of reverberation, is also close to that of IM. However, its computational complexity is one to two orders of magnitude lower, comparable to the computational complexity of a feedback delay network (FDN), and its memory requirements are negligible.

cs.SD↗

arXiv2012

Estimating a Signal from a Magnitude Spectrogram via Convex Optimization

The problem of recovering a signal from the magnitude of its short-time Fourier transform (STFT) is a longstanding one in audio signal processing. Existing approaches rely on heuristics that often perform poorly because of the nonconvexity of the problem. We introduce a formulation of the problem that lends itself to a tractable convex program. We observe that our method yields better reconstructions than the standard Griffin-Lim algorithm. We provide an algorithm and discuss practical implementation details, including how the method can be scaled up to larger examples.

stat.AP↗

arXiv2004

On the Equivalence of the Digital Waveguide and Finite Difference Time Domain Schemes

It is known that the digital waveguide (DW) method for solving the wave equation numerically on a grid can be manipulated into the form of the standard finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method (also known as the ``leapfrog'' recursion). This paper derives a simple rule for going in the other direction, that is, converting the state variables of the FDTD recursion to corresponding wave variables in a DW simulation. Since boundary conditions and initial values are more intuitively transparent in the DW formulation, the simple means of converting back and forth can be useful in initializing and constructing boundaries for FDTD simulations.

physics.comp-ph↗