arXiv subjects

Jun-ichi Yoshikawa

Publications and source records attributed to Jun-ichi Yoshikawa.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2020

Nonlinear squeezing for measurement-based non-Gaussian operations in time domain

Quantum non-Gaussian gate is a missing piece to the realization of continuous-variable universal quantum operations in the optical system. In a measurement-based implementation of the cubic phase gate, a lowest-order non-Gaussian gate, non-Gaussian ancillary states that has a property we call nonlinear squeezing are required. This property, however, has never been experimentally verified. In this paper, we generate a superposition between a vacuum state and a single photon state whose nonlinear squeezing are maximized by the optimization of the superposition coefficients. The nonlinear squeezing is observed via real-time quadrature measurements, meaning that the generated states are compatible with the real-time feedforward and are suitable as the ancillary states for the cubic phase gate in time domain. Moreover, by increasing the number of the photons, it is expected that nonlinear squeezing can be further improved. The idea presented here can be readily extended to the higher-order phase gates [P. Marek et al., Phys. Rev. A 97, 022329 (2018)]. As such, this work presents an important step to extend the CV quantum information processing from Gaussian regime to non-Gaussian regime.

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arXiv2020

Generation of optical Schrödinger's cat states by generalized photon subtraction

We propose a high-rate generation method of optical Schrödinger's cat states. Thus far, photon subtraction from squeezed vacuum states has been a standard method in cat-state generation, but its constraints on experimental parameters limit the generation rate. In this paper, we consider the state generation by photon number measurement in one mode of arbitrary two-mode Gaussian states, which is a generalization of conventional photon subtraction, and derive the conditions to generate high-fidelity and large-amplitude cat states. Our method relaxes the constraints on experimental parameters, allowing us to optimize them and attain a high generation rate. Supposing realistic experimental conditions, the generation rate of cat states with large amplitudes ($|α| \ge 2)$ can exceed megacounts per second, about $10^3$ to $10^6$ times better than typical rates of conventional photon subtraction. This rate would be improved further by the progress of related technologies. Ability to generate non-Gaussian states at a high rate is important in quantum computing using optical continuous variables, where scalable computing platforms have been demonstrated but preparation of non-Gaussian states of light remains as a challenging task. Our proposal reduces the difficulty of the state preparation and open a way for practical applications in quantum optics.

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arXiv2020

Phase Locking between Two All-Optical Quantum Memories

Optical approaches to quantum computation require the creation of multi-mode photonic quantum states in a controlled fashion. Here we experimentally demonstrate phase locking of two all-optical quantum memories, based on a concatenated cavity system with phase reference beams, for the time-controlled release of two-mode entangled single-photon states. The release time for each mode can be independently determined. The generated states are characterized by two-mode optical homodyne tomography. Entanglement and nonclassicality are preserved for release-time differences up to 400 ns, confirmed by logarithmic negativities and Wigner-function negativities, respectively.

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arXiv2020

One-hundred step measurement-based quantum computation multiplexed in the time domain with 25 MHz clock frequency

Among various approaches toward quantum computation, measurement-based quantum computation (MBQC) multiplexed in time domain is currently a promising method for addressing the need for scalability. MBQC requires two components: cluster states and programmable measurements. With time-domain multiplexing, the former has been realized on an ultra-large-scale. The latter, however, has remained unrealized, leaving the large-scale cluster states unused. In this work, we make such a measurement system and use it to demonstrate basic quantum operations multiplexed in the time domain with 25 MHz clock frequency. We verify transformations of the input states and their nonclassicalities for single-step quantum operations and also observe multi-step quantum operations up to one hundred steps.

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arXiv2019

Time-Domain Multiplexed 2-Dimensional Cluster State: Universal Quantum Computing Platform

Quantum computation promises applications that are thought to be impossible with classical computation. To realize practical quantum computation, the following three properties will be necessary: universality, scalability, and fault-tolerance. Universality is the ability to execute arbitrary multi-input quantum algorithms. Scalability means that computational resources such as logical qubits can be increased without requiring exponential increase in physical resources. Lastly, fault-tolerance is the ability to perform quantum algorithms in presence of imperfections and noise. A promising approach to scalability was demonstrated with the generation of one-million-mode 1-dimensional cluster state, a resource for one-input computation in measurement-based quantum computation (MBQC). The demonstration was based on time-domain multiplexing (TDM) approach using continuous-variable (CV) optical flying qumodes (CV analogue of qubit). Demonstrating universality, however, has been a challenging task for any physical system and approach. Here, we present, for the first time among any physical system, experimental realization of a scalable resource state for universal MBQC: a 2-dimensional cluster state. We also prove the universality and give the methodology for utilizing this state in MBQC. Our state is based on TDM approach that allows unlimited resource generation regardless of the coherence time of the system. As a demonstration of our method, we generate and verify a 2-dimensional cluster state capable of about 5,000 operation steps on 5 inputs.

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arXiv2019

Complete temporal mode characterization of non-Gaussian states by dual homodyne measurement

Optical quantum states defined in temporal modes, especially non-Gaussian states like photon-number states, play an important role in quantum computing schemes. In general, the temporal-mode structures of these states are characterized by one or more complex functions called temporal-mode functions (TMFs). Although we can calculate TMF theoretically in some cases, experimental estimation of TMF is more advantageous to utilize the states with high purity. In this paper, we propose a method to estimate complex TMFs. This method can be applied not only to arbitrary single-temporal-mode non-Gaussian states but also to two-temporal-mode states containing two photons. This method is implemented by continuous-wave (CW) dual homodyne measurement and doesn't need prior information of the target states nor state reconstruction procedure. We demonstrate this method by analyzing several experimentally created non-Gaussian states.

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arXiv2018

All-optical storage of phase-sensitive quantum states of light

We experimentally demonstrate storage and on-demand release of phase-sensitive, photon-number superposition states of the form $α|0\rangle + βe^{iθ} |1\rangle$ for an optical quantized oscillator mode. For this purpose, we introduce a phase-probing mechanism to a storage system composed of two concatenated optical cavities, which was previously employed for storage of phase-insensitive single-photon states [Phys. Rev. X 3, 041028 (2013)]. This is the first demonstration of all-optically storing highly nonclassical and phase-sensitive quantum states of light. The strong nonclassicality of the states after storage becomes manifest as a negative region in the corresponding Wigner function shifted away from the origin in phase space. This negativity is otherwise, without the phase information of the memory system, unobtainable. While our scheme includes the possibility of optical storage, on-demand release and synchronization of arbitrary single-rail qubit states, it is not limited to such states. In fact, our technique is extendible to more general phase-sensitive states such as multiphoton superposition or entangled states, and thus it represents a significant step toward advanced optical quantum information processing, where highly non-classical states are utilized as resources.

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arXiv2018

Ultra-Large-Scale Continuous-Variable Cluster States Multiplexed in the Time Domain

Quantum computers promise ultrafast performance of certain tasks. Experimentally appealing, measurement-based quantum computation (MBQC) requires an entangled resource called a cluster state, with long computations requiring large cluster states. Previously, the largest cluster state consisted of 8 photonic qubits or light modes, while the largest multipartite entangled state of any sort involved 14 trapped ions. These implementations involve quantum entities separated in space, and in general, each experimental apparatus is used only once. Here, we circumvent this inherent inefficiency by multiplexing light modes in the time domain. We deterministically generate and fully characterise a continuous-variable cluster state containing more than 10,000 entangled modes. This is, by 3 orders of magnitude, the largest entangled state ever created to date. The entangled modes are individually addressable wavepackets of light in two beams. Furthermore, we present an efficient scheme for MBQC on this cluster state based on sequential applications of quantum teleportation.

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arXiv2018

Schrödinger's cat in an optical sideband

We propose a method to subtract a photon from a double sideband mode of continuous-wave light. The central idea is to use phase modulation as a frequency sideband beamsplitter in the heralding photon subtraction scheme, where a small portion of the sideband mode is downconverted to the carrier frequency to provide a trigger photon. An optical Schrödinger's cat state is created by applying the propesed method to a squeezed state at 500MHz sideband, which is generated by an optical parametric oscillator. The Wigner function of the cat state reconstructed from a direct homodyne measurement of the 500MHz sideband modes shows the negativity of $W(0,0) = -0.088\pm0.001$ without any loss corrections.

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arXiv2017

Quantum Nondemolition Gate Operations and Measurements in Real Time on Fluctuating Signals

We demonstrate an optical quantum nondemolition (QND) interaction gate with a bandwidth of about 100 MHz. Employing this gate, we are able to perform QND measurements in real time on randomly fluctuating signals. Our QND gate relies upon linear optics and offline-prepared squeezed states. In contrast to previous demonstrations on narrow sideband modes, our gate is compatible with non-Gaussian quantum states temporally localized in a wave-packet mode, and thus opens the way for universal gate operations and realization of quantum error correction.

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arXiv2017

Heralded creation of photonic qudits from parametric down conversion using linear optics

We propose an experimental scheme to generate, in a heralded fashion, arbitrary quantum superpositions of two-mode optical states with a fixed total photon number $n$ based on weakly squeezed two-mode squeezed state resources (obtained via weak parametric down conversion), linear optics, and photon detection. Arbitrary $d$-level (qudit) states can be created this way where $d=n+1$. Furthermore, we experimentally demonstrate our scheme for $n=2$. The resulting qutrit states are characterized via optical homodyne tomography. We also discuss possible extensions to more than two modes concluding that, in general, our approach ceases to work in this case. For illustration and with regards to possible applications, we explicitly calculate a few examples such as NOON states and logical qubit states for quantum error correction. In particular, our approach enables one to construct bosonic qubit error-correction codes against amplitude damping (photon loss) with a typical suppression of $\sqrt{n}-1$ losses and spanned by two logical codewords that each correspond to an $n$-photon superposition for two bosonic modes.

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arXiv2017

Generation of highly pure Schrödinger's cat states and real-time quadrature measurements via optical filtering

Until now, Schrödinger's cat states are generated by subtracting single photons from the whole bandwidth of squeezed vacua. However, it was pointed out recently that the achievable purities are limited in such method (J. Yoshikawa, W. Asavanant, and A. Furusawa, arXiv:1707.08146 [quant-ph] (2017)). In this paper, we used our new photon subtraction method with a narrowband filtering cavity and generated a highly pure Schrödinger's cat state with the value of $-0.184$ at the origin of the Wigner function. To our knowledge, this is the highest value ever reported without any loss corrections. The temporal mode also becomes exponentially rising in our method, which allows us to make a real-time quadrature measurement on Schrödinger's cat states, and we obtained the value of $-0.162$ at the origin of the Wigner function.

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arXiv2017

General implementation of arbitrary nonlinear quadrature phase gates

We propose general methodology of deterministic single-mode quantum interaction nonlinearly modifying single quadrature variable of a continuous variable system. The methodology is based on linear coupling of the system to ancillary systems subsequently measured by quadrature detectors. The nonlinear interaction is obtained by using the data from the quadrature detection for dynamical manipulation of the coupling parameters. This measurement-induced methodology enables direct realization of arbitrary nonlinear quadrature interactions without the need to construct them from the lowest-order gates. Such nonlinear interactions are crucial for more practical and efficient manipulation of continuous quadrature variables as well as qubits encoded in continuous variable systems.

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arXiv2017

Purification of photon subtraction from continuous squeezed light by filtering

Photon subtraction from squeezed states is a powerful scheme to create good approximation of so-called Schrödinger cat states. However, conventional continuous-wave-based methods actually involve some impurity in squeezing of localized wavepackets, even in the ideal case of no optical losses. Here we theoretically discuss this impurity, by introducing mode-match of squeezing. Furthermore, here we propose a method to remove this impurity by filtering the photon-subtraction field. Our method in principle enables creation of pure photon-subtracted squeezed states, which was not possible with conventional methods.

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arXiv2017

Direct observation of phase sensitive Hong-Ou-Mandel interference

Quality of individual photons and their ability to interfere is traditionally tested by measuring the Hong-Ou-Mandel photon bunching effect. However, this phase insensitive measurement only tests the particle aspect of the quantum interference. Motivated by these limitations, we formulate a witness capable of recognizing both the quality and the coherence of two photons from a single set of measurements. We exploit the conditional nonclassical squeezing which is sensitive to both the quality of the single photons and their indistinguishability and we show that it can be used to irectly reveal both the particle and the wave aspects of the quantum interference. Finally, we experimentally test the witness by applying it to a pair of independent single photons generated on demand.

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arXiv2016

Creation and Measurement of Broadband Squeezed Vacuum from a Ring Optical Parametric Oscillator

We report a 65MHz-bandwidth triangular-shaped optical parametric oscillator (OPO) for squeezed vacuum generation at 860nm. The triangle structure of our OPO enables the round-trip length to reach 45mm as a ring cavity, which provides a counter circulating optical path available for introducing a probe beam or generating another squeezed vacuum. Hence our OPO is suitable for the applications in high-speed quantum information processing where two or more squeezed vacua form a complicated interferometer, like continuous-variable quantum teleportation. With a homemade, broadband and low-loss homodyne detector, a direct measurement shows 8.4dB of squeezing at 3MHz and also 2.4dB of squeezing at 100MHz.

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arXiv2016

Generation of one-million-mode continuous-variable cluster state by unlimited time-domain multiplexing

In recent quantum optical continuous-variable experiments, the number of fully inseparable light modes has drastically increased by introducing a multiplexing scheme either in the time domain or in the frequency domain. Here, modifying the time-domain multiplexing experiment reported in Nature Photonics 7, 982 (2013), we demonstrate successive generation of fully inseparable light modes for more than one million modes. The resulting multi-mode state is useful as a dual-rail CV cluster state. We circumvent the previous problem of optical phase drifts, which has limited the number of fully inseparable light modes to around ten thousands, by continuous feedback control of the optical system.

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arXiv2016

Real-Time Quadrature Measurement of a Single-Photon Wavepacket with Continuous Temporal-Mode-Matching

Real-time controls based on quantum measurements are powerful tools for various quantum protocols. However, their experimental realization have been limited by mode-mismatch between temporal mode of quadrature measurement and that heralded by photon detection. Here, we demonstrate real-time quadrature measurement of a single-photon wavepacket induced by a photon detection, by utilizing continuous temporal-mode-matching between homodyne detection and an exponentially rising temporal mode. Single photons in exponentially rising modes are also expected to be useful resources for interactions with other quantum systems.

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