arXiv subjects

Junchao Wang

Publications and source records attributed to Junchao Wang.

12 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

QMClaw: A Scalable General-purpose Framework for Quantum Measurement and Control

As quantum computing continues to scale, quantum measurement and control (QMC) are increasingly constrained by calibration workflow complexity and by requirements for low-latency execution, robust exception handling, and traceable workflow governance. Existing frameworks for QMC are specialized and task-specific, while language-model-based agents for QMC suffer from excessive latency and cannot satisfy the strict timing and control-density demands of large-scale quantum systems. Here we propose QMClaw, a general, workflow-oriented framework for QMC built, featuring a local-first, tool-governed, robust architecture. At its core is a RuleEngine-centered control layer that processes structured context, performs rule-based state transitions, and generates execution plans for typical calibration workflows. Language models are used only for natural-language interaction, high-level task understanding, and exception support, keeping the critical fast path efficient. We implement a single qubit tune-up workflow as a demonstration and validation using real quantum device dataset. We also prove that the framework achieves quantitatively acceptable levels in terms of resource cost, LLM calling times and decision latency, enabling its practical deployment in large-scale quantum qubit measurement and control scenarios. This work presents a general workflow-oriented framework for QMC and provides evidence that rule-centered architectures are a promising design choice for scalable quantum-system calibration.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2026

Neutral Atom Quantum Computing: Principles, Routes, Progress, and Challenges

Neutral atom quantum computing utilizes laser-trapped neutral atoms as qubits and realizes quantum logic gate operations through Rydberg-state interactions. In recent years, it has become one of the most vibrant directions in quantum computing hardware. This paper systematically reviews the working principles of neutral-atom quantum computers, including qubit encoding, atom trapping and manipulation, Rydberg states and interactions, the Rydberg blockade quantum gate mechanism, and atom rearrangement with reconfigurable architectures. The mainstream technical routes are surveyed, represented by optical tweezer arrays combined with Rydberg interactions, optical lattice schemes, and dipole trap arrays. A panoramic review is provided of domestic and international research progress from theoretical foundations in 2000 to the latest achievements in 2026, including thousand-qubit-scale systems, logical qubits, and quantum error correction experiments. Key breakthroughs are highlighted, such as the 6100-atom qubit array, continuous operation of a 3000-qubit system, quantum simulation of the Kitaev honeycomb model, toric code error correction demonstrations, encoding rates exceeding 1/2, and fault-tolerant architectures. The core bottlenecks are analyzed in depth, including the scalability--fidelity trade-off, engineering implementation of quantum error correction, atom loss and mid-circuit replenishment, laser system industrialization, control electronics scalability, and long-distance quantum interconnection. This paper aims to provide a systematic reference for academic research and technological development in this field.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2026

Physical Implications and Updated Observational Constraints of the PAge-like Unified Dark Fluid Model

The standard paradigm of cosmology assumes two distinct dark components, namely dark matter and dark energy. However, the necessity of splitting the dark-side world into two sectors has not been experimentally or theoretically proven. Unified dark fluid models provide an alternative in which a single fluid accounts for both phenomena. It is shown in Wang et al. 2024 that a PAge-like unified dark fluid (PUDF) can explain both the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and late-universe data, with the fitting quality not much worse than the standard Lambda cold dark matter ($Λ$CDM) model. Using the Planck 2018 CMB, baryon acoustic oscillations measurement from the dark energy spectroscopic instrument (DESI) data release 2, dark energy survey 5-year supernova data, and cosmic-chronometer data, we update the constraints on PUDF and clarify its physical implications. We show that PUDF can reproduce the primary CMB anisotropies, the background expansion history, and linear growth that are very close to the $Λ$CDM prediction. Nevertheless, the combined datasets still favor $Λ$CDM, largely due to the significant tension between CMB and DESI + SNe data, which exceeds the $4σ$ level in PUDF and remains non-negligible in the $w$CDM framework. Using mock data generated from the Planck best-fit $Λ$CDM model, we find that PUDF and $Λ$CDM cannot be statistically distinguished, indicating that the precision of current data is insufficient to separate the two models. Overall, the apparent preference for $Λ$CDM may be driven by dataset inconsistencies rather than a genuine physical difference, leaving unified dark fluid models as viable alternatives within current observational limits.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2026

HI-HCQC: A Tightly-Coupled Hardware Interface with High-Efficiency Communication for Hybrid Classical-Quantum Computing

Hybrid classical-quantum computing requires frequent data exchange between classical processors and quantum control hardware. However, existing superconducting quantum control systems are commonly connected through loosely coupled interfaces such as Ethernet, resulting in high communication latency and limited task throughput. To address this issue, we present HI-HCQC, an RFSoC-based hardware interface for tightly coupled hybrid classical-quantum computing. HI-HCQC integrates high-speed RF-DACs, RF-ADCs, programmable logic, embedded processors, clock synchronization circuits, and a PCIe Gen3 x8 interface, enabling direct microwave pulse synthesis, qubit readout, and high-throughput data transfer between host servers and quantum measurement-control units. Experimental results show that HI-HCQC supports six control channels and one multiplexed readout channel, achieves stable microwave generation and acquisition, and successfully performs qubit spectroscopy, Rabi oscillation, T1 measurement, single-shot readout, randomized benchmarking, and CZ-gate characterization. Compared with a conventional control system, HI-HCQC reduces end-to-end execution latency for representative quantum gate and circuit tasks and significantly improves task throughput. These results demonstrate that PCIe-coupled RFSoC control hardware provides a practical foundation for scalable and efficient hybrid classical-quantum computing systems.

cs.DC↗

arXiv2026

MPI-Q: A Message Communication Library for Large-Scale Classical-Quantum Heterogeneous Hybrid Distributed Computing

The classical-quantum system heterogeneity (different data characteristics, execution paradigms and synchronization mechanism etc.) renders existing distributed communication mechanisms (e.g. MPI, NCCL etc.) inadequate. This bottleneck severely impairs operational synergy and programming efficiency. Thus, the performance of hybrid applications on classical-quantum heterogeneous infrastructures is directly limited. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a message-passing library tailored for large-scale classical-quantum heterogeneous distributed computing, referred to as MPI-Q. The design centers on three mechanisms. First, it defines a heterogeneous hybrid communication domain that achieves unified management of classical and quantum processes in heterogeneous hybrid systems. Second, it uses a lightweight communication path that allows classical control nodes to send device-ready waveform data directly to quantum MonitorProcesses, avoiding unnecessary relay stages. Third, it establishes a heterogeneous hybrid synchronization mechanism to tackle the problem of timing control for multi-node quantum operations. While retaining the traditional MPI programming model, MPI-Q achieves extension toward quantum subsystems. Experiments on distributed GHZ state preparation demonstrate that this model exhibits near-linear scalability, achieving a maximum speedup of 18.76 times on 24 quantum nodes. This proves that the library can effectively support large-scale heterogeneous hybrid distributed computing applications, filling the technical gap in this field.

cs.DC↗

arXiv2025

Key drivers of the preference for dynamic dark energy

Joint analysis of the baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) measurement by the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) first data release, Type Ia supernovae (SNe) of the Dark Energy Survey Year 5 (DES5YR) release and cosmic microwave background (CMB) data favors a quintom-like dynamic dark energy model over the standard Lambda cold dark matter ($Λ$CDM) model at $3.9σ$ level (Adame et al. 2024). We confirm the previous finding in the literature that the preference for dynamic dark energy does not rely on the detailed modeling of CMB physics and remains at a similar significance level ($3.2σ$) when the full CMB likelihood is replaced by a CMB acoustic-oscillation angle ($θ_\star$) prior and a baryon abundance ($Ω_bh^2$) prior. The computationally efficient $θ_\star$ and $Ω_bh^2$ priors allow us to take a frequentist approach by comparing DES5YR SNe and DESI BAO with a large number ($\gtrsim 10^4$) of Planck-constrained $Λ$CDM simulations. We find that $\geq 3.2σ$ preference for dynamic dark energy is very rare (occurrence rate = $0.28\%$) in simulations. When we combine DESI BAO with SN simulations or combine DES5YR SNe with BAO simulations, the occurrence rate of $\geq 3.2σ$ preference for dynamic dark energy increases to $1.2\%$ and $4.8\%$, respectively. These results indicate an internal inconsistency, i.e., a significant tension between DESI BAO + DES5YR SNe and Planck-constrained $Λ$CDM models in both Bayesian and frequentist points of view. Although both DESI BAO and DES5YR SNe contribute to the preference for dynamic dark energy, the contribution from DES5YR SNe is more significant. In the frequentist point of view, even DES5YR SNe alone is in tension with Planck-constrained $Λ$CDM models, though in Bayesian point of view this tension is prior dependent and inconclusive.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2024

Quantifying the tension between cosmological models and JWST red candidate massive galaxies

We develop a Python tool to estimate the tail distribution of the number of dark matter halos beyond a mass threshold and in a given volume in a light-cone. The code is based on the extended Press-Schechter model and is computationally efficient, typically taking a few seconds on a personal laptop for a given set of cosmological parameters. The high efficiency of the code allows a quick estimation of the tension between cosmological models and the red candidate massive galaxies released by the James Webb Space Telescope, as well as scanning the theory space with the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method. As an example application, we use the tool to study the cosmological implication of the candidate galaxies presented in Labbé et al. (2023). The standard $Λ$ cold dark matter ($Λ$CDM) model is well consistent with the data if the star formation efficiency can reach $\sim 0.3$ at high redshift. For a low star formation efficiency $ε\sim 0.1$, $Λ$CDM model is disfavored at $\sim 2σ$-$3σ$ confidence level.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2024

A PAge-like Unified Dark Fluid Model

The unified dark fluid model unifies dark matter and dark energy into a single component, providing an alternative and more concise framework for interpreting cosmological observations. We introduce a PAge-like Unified Dark Fluid (PUDF) model based on the PAge approximation (Huang 2020), which is parameterized by the age of the universe and an $η$ parameter indicating the deviation from Einstein-De Sitter Universe. The PUDF model shares many similar features of the standard Lambda cold dark matter ($Λ$CDM) model and can effectively describe the large-scale structure formation and late-time cosmic acceleration. We constrain the PUDF model with the Planck 2018 cosmic microwave background anisotropies, baryon acoustic oscillation measurements including those from the most recent DESI 2024, the Pantheon+ sample of Type Ia supernovae, and the Cosmic Chronometers compilation. Although the PUDF performs well in fitting all the cosmological datasets, the joint analysis of the data still favors the $Λ$CDM model over the PUDF model, according to the Bayesian evidence of model comparison.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2024

Observational constraints on phenomenological emergent dark energy and barotropic dark matter characterized by a constant equation of state parameter

We propose a new cosmological model that considers dark matter as a barotropic fluid with a constant equation of state parameter and interprets dark energy as the phenomenological emergent dark energy rather than a cosmological constant. This proposal is based on extensive research on the extended properties of dark matter in the context of a cosmological constant and the intriguing findings that have emerged from our exploration of dark matter properties within the context of PEDE in our previous studies. We then place constraints on this model in light of the Planck 2018 Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anisotropies, baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) measurements, the Pantheon compilation of Type Ia supernovae, a prior on $H_0$ that based on the latest local measurement by Riess et al., and the combination of KiDS and the VISTA Kilo-Degree Infrared Galaxy Survey (KiDS+VIKING-450). The results indicate a preference for a positive dark matter equation of state parameter at 68\% confidence level for CMB+BAO, CMB+BAO+Pantheon and CMB+BAO+Pantheon+$H_0$ datasets. Furthermore, the Hubble tension between all of the datasets we used with R22 is very close to those of the PEDE, and the $S_8$ tension between Planck 2018 and KiDS+VIKING-450 is reduced from 2.3$σ$ in the PEDE model to 0.4$σ$ in the new model. However, Bayesian evidence indicates that PEDE favors our new model with very strong evidence from all the datasets considered in this study. Consequently, we conclude that the PEDE+$w_{\rm dm}$ model is not a viable alternative to the PEDE model.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2023

Revisiting progenitor-age dependence of type Ia supernova luminosity standardization process

Much of the research in supernova cosmology is based on an assumption that the peak luminosity of type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), after a standardization process, is independent of the galactic environment. A series of recent studies suggested that there is a significant correlation between the standardized luminosity and the progenitor age of SNe Ia. The correlation found in the most recent work by Lee et al. is strong enough to explain the extra dimming of distant SNe Ia and therefore casts doubts on the direct evidence of cosmic acceleration. The present work incorporates the uncertainties of progenitor ages, which were ignored in Lee et al., into a fully Bayesian inference framework. We find a weaker dependence of supernova standardized luminosity on the progenitor age, but the detection of correlation remains significant (3.5$σ$). Assuming that such correlation can be extended to high redshift and applying it to the Pantheon SN Ia data set, we confirm that when the Hubble residual does not include intrinsic scatter, the age-bias could be the primary cause of the observed extra dimming of distant SNe Ia. Furthermore, we use the PAge formalism, which is a good approximation to many dark energy and modified gravity models, to do a model comparison. We find that if intrinsic scatter is included in the Hubble residual, the Lambda cold dark matter model remains a good fit. However, in a scenario without intrinsic scatter, the Lambda cold dark matter model faces a challenge.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2022

Redshift Evolution and Non-Universal Dispersion of Quasar Luminosity Correlation

The standard $Λ$CDM model is recently reported to deviate from the high-redshift Hubble diagram of type Ia supernovae (SNe) and quasars (QSOs) at $\sim4σ$ confidence level. In this work, we combine the PAge approximation (a nearly model-independent parameterization) and a high-quality QSO sample to search for the origins of the deviation. By visualizing the $Λ$CDM model and the marginalized $3σ$ constraints of SNe+QSOs into PAge space, we confirm that the SNe+QSOs constraints in both flat and non-flat PAge cases are in remarkable tension with the standard $Λ$CDM cosmology. Next, we investigate the tension from the perspective of redshift-evolution effects. We find that the QSO correlation coefficient $γ$ calibrated by SNe+low-z QSOs and SNe+high-z QSOs shows $\sim2.7σ$ and $\sim4σ$ tensions in flat and non-flat universes, respectively. The tensions for intrinsic dispersion $δ$ between different data sets are found to be $>4σ$ in both flat and non-flat cases. These results indicate that the QSO luminosity correlation suffers from significant redshift evolution and non-universal intrinsic dispersion. Using a redshift-dependence correlation to build QSO Hubble diagram could lead to biases. Thus, the $\sim4σ$ deviation from the standard $Λ$CDM probably originates from the redshift-evolution effects and non-universal dispersion of the QSO luminosity correlation rather than new physics.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2021

Origin Pilot: a Quantum Operating System for Effecient Usage of Quantum Resources

The operating system is designed to manage the hardware and software resources of a computer. With the development of quantum computing, the management of quantum resources and cooperation between quantum systems and other computing resources (e.g. CPU, GPU and FPGA etc.) become the key challenge for the application of quantum computing to solve real world problems. In this paper we propose a quantum operating system, Origin Pilot. Origin Pilot includes the module of quantum task scheduling, quantum resource management, quantum program compilation and qubits' automatic calibration. With these modules, Origin Pilot can manage the quantum computing resources and solve the multi-quantum processor scheduling problem. It can also allow the parallel execution of multiple quantum programs and calibrate the quantum resource effectively. Thus, the performance of resources is guaranteed and the resource utilization is improved. By comparing the results with and without Origin Pilot, we evaluate the impact on a quantum circuit's fidelity of qubits mapping algorithm. We also evaluate the effectiveness of automatic calibration and parallel execution of multi-quantum processors. Finally, Origin Pilot can be easily customized for hybrid computing resources.

quant-ph↗