arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Juncheng Wei.
We develop a new infinite dimensional gluing method for fractional elliptic equations. As a model problem, we construct solutions of the fractional Allen--Cahn equation vanishing on a rotationally symmetric surface which resembles a catenoid and have sub-linear growth at infinity. Moreover, such solutions are unstable.
We concern $C^2$-compactness of the solution set of the boundary Yamabe problem on smooth compact Riemannian manifolds with boundary provided that their dimensions are $4$, $5$ or $6$. By conducting a quantitative analysis of a linear equation associated with the problem, we prove that the trace-free second fundamental form must vanish at possible blow-up points of a sequence of blowing-up solutions. Applying this result and the positive mass theorem, we deduce the $C^2$-compactness for all $4$-manifolds (which may be non-umbilic). For the $5$-dimensional case, we also establish that a sum of the second-order derivatives of the trace-free second fundamental form is non-negative at possible blow-up points. We essentially use this fact to obtain the $C^2$-compactness for all $5$-manifolds. Finally, we show that the $C^2$-compactness on $6$-manifolds is true if the trace-free second fundamental form on the boundary never vanishes.
We consider the initial-boundary value problem of a simplified nematic liquid crystal flow in a bounded, smooth domain $Ω\subset \mathbb R^2$. Given any $k$ distinct points in the domain, we develop a new {\em inner--outer gluing method} to construct solutions which blow up exactly at those $k$ points as $t$ goes to a finite time $T$. Moreover, we obtain a precise description of the blow-up.
In this paper we obtain rigidity results for a bounded non-constant entire solution $u$ of the Allen-Cahn equation in $\mathbb{R}^n$, whose level set $\{u=0\}$ is contained in a half-space. If $n\leq 3$ we prove that the solution must be one-dimensional. In dimension $n\geq 4$, we prove that either the solution is one-dimensional or stays below a one-dimensional solution and converges to it after suitable translations. Some generalizations to one phase free boundary problems are also obtained.
We construct finite time blow-up solutions to the 2-dimensional harmonic map flow into the sphere $S^2$, \begin{align*} u_t & = Δu + |\nabla u|^2 u \quad \text{in } Ω\times(0,T) \\ u &= φ\quad \text{on } \partial Ω\times(0,T) \\ u(\cdot,0) &= u_0 \quad \text{in } Ω, \end{align*} where $Ω$ is a bounded, smooth domain in $\mathbb{R}^2$, $u: Ω\times(0,T)\to S^2$, $u_0:\barΩ\to S^2$ is smooth, and $φ= u_0\big|_{\partialΩ}$. Given any points $q_1,\ldots, q_k$ in the domain, we find initial and boundary data so that the solution blows-up precisely at those points. The profile around each point is close to an asymptotically singular scaling of a 1-corrotational harmonic map. We build a continuation after blow-up as a $H^1$-weak solution with a finite number of discontinuities in space-time by "reverse bubbling", which preserves the homotopy class of the solution after blow-up.
We consider the energy critical heat equation in $\mathbb R^n$ for $n\ge 7$ $$\left\{ \begin{aligned} u_t & = Δu+ |u|^{\frac 4{n-2}}u \hbox{ in }\ \mathbb R^n \times (0, \infty), \\ u(\cdot,0) & = u_0 \ \hbox{ in }\ \mathbb R^n, \end{aligned}\right. $$ which corresponds to the $L^2$-gradient flow of the Sobolev-critical energy $$ J(u) = \int_{\mathbb R^n} e[u] , \quad e[u] := \frac 12 |\nabla u|^2 - \frac {n-2}{2n} |u|^{\frac {2n}{n-2} }. $$ Given any $k\ge 2$ we find an initial condition $u_0$ that leads to sign-changing solutions with {\em multiple blow-up at a single point} (tower of bubbles) as $t\to +\infty$. It has the form of a superposition with alternate signs of singularly scaled {\em Aubin-Talenti solitons}, $$ u(x,t) = \sum_{j=1}^k (-1)^{j-1} {μ_j^{-\frac {n-2}2}} U \left( \frac {x}{μ_j} \right)\, +\, o(1) \quad\hbox{as } t\to +\infty $$ where $U(y)$ is the standard soliton $ U(y) = % (n(n-2))^{\frac 1{n-2}} α_n\left ( \frac 1{1+|y|^2}\right)^{\frac{n-2}2}$ and $$μ_j(t) = β_j t^{- α_j}, \quad α_j = \frac 12 \Big ( \, \left( \frac{n-2}{n-6}\right)^{j-1} -1 \Big). $$ Letting $δ_0$ the Dirac mass, we have energy concentration of the form $$ e[ u(\cdot, t)]- e[U] \rightharpoonup (k-1) S_n\,δ_{0} \quad\hbox{as } t\to +\infty $$ where $S_n=J(U)$. The initial condition can be chosen radial and compactly supported. We establish the codimension $k+ n (k-1)$ stability of this phenomenon for perturbations of the initial condition that have space decay $u_0(x) =O( |x|^{-α})$, $α> \frac {n-2}2$, which yields finite energy of the solution.
We prove the existence of non-radial entire solution to $$Δ^2 u+u^{-q}=0\quad\text{in }\mathbb{R}^3,\quad u>0,$$ for $q>1$. This answers an open question raised by P. J. McKenna and W. Reichel (E. J. D. E. \textbf{37} (2003) 1-13).
In the past years, there has been a new light shed on the harmonic map problem with free boundary in view of its connection with nonlocal equations. Here we fully exploit this link, considering the harmonic map flow with free boundary \begin{equation}\label{e:main0} \begin{cases} u_t = Δu\text{ in }\mathbb{R}^2_+\times (0, T),\\ u(x,0,t) \in \mathbb{S}^1\text{ for all }(x,0,t)\in \partial\mathbb{R}^2_+\times (0, T),\\ \frac{du}{dy}(x,0,t)\perp T_{u(x,0,t)}\mathbb{S}^1\text{ for all }(x,0,t)\in \partial\mathbb{R}^2_+\times (0, T),\\ u(\cdot, 0) = u_0\text{ in }\mathbb{R}^2_+ \end{cases} \end{equation} for a function $u:\mathbb{R}^2_+\times [0, T)\to \mathbb{R}^2$. Here $u_0 :\mathbb{R}^2_+\to \mathbb{R}^2$ is a given smooth map and $\perp$ stands for orthogonality. We prove the existence of initial data $u_0$ such that (\ref{e:main0}) blows up at finite time with a profile being the half-harmonic map. This answers a question raised by Yunmei Chen and Fanghua Lin in Remark 4.9 of \cite{ChenLinJGA1998}.
In this paper, we consider the following elliptic Toda system associated to a general simple Lie algebra with multiple singular sources \begin{equation*} \begin{cases} -Δw_i=\sum_{j=1}^na_{i,j}e^{2w_j}+2π\sum_{\ell=1}^mβ_{i,\ell}δ_{p_\ell} \quad&\mbox{in}\quad\mathbb{R}^2,\\ \\ w_i(x)=-2\log|x|+O(1)~\mbox{as}~|x|\to\infty,\quad &i=1,\cdots,n, \end{cases} \end{equation*} where $β_{i,\ell}\in[0,1)$. Under some suitable assumption on $β_{i,\ell}$ we establish the existence and non-existence results. This paper generalizes Luo-Tian's [19] and Hyder-Lin-Wei's [10] results to the general Toda system.
We consider the following quasilinear Schrödinger equations of the form \begin{equation*} \triangle u-\varepsilon V(x)u+u\triangle u^2+u^{p}=0,\ u>0\ \mbox{in}\ \mathbb{R}^N\ \mbox{and}\ \underset{|x|\rightarrow \infty}{\lim} u(x)=0, \end{equation*} where $N\geq 3,$ $p>\frac{N+2}{N-2},$ $\varepsilon>0$ and $V(x)$ is a positive function. By imposing appropriate conditions on $V(x),$ we prove that, for $\varepsilon=1,$ the existence of infinity many positive solutions with slow decaying $O(|x|^{-\frac{2}{p-1}})$ at infinity if $p>\frac{N+2}{N-2}$ and, for $\varepsilon$ sufficiently small, a positive solution with fast decaying $O(|x|^{2-N})$ if $\frac{N+2}{N-2}<p<\frac{3N+2}{N-2}.$ The proofs are based on perturbative approach. To this aim, we also analyze the structure of positive solutions for the zero mass problem.
We construct a singular solution of a stationary nonlinear Schrödinger equation on $\mathbb{R}^2$ with square-exponential nonlinearity having linear behavior around zero. In view of Trudinger-Moser inequality, this type of nonlinearity has an energy-critical growth. We use this singular solution to prove non-uniqueness of strong solutions for the Cauchy problem of the corresponding semilinear heat equation. The proof relies on explicit computation showing a regularizing effect of the heat equation in an appropriate functional space.
We consider the following $k$-coupled nonlinear Schrödinger system: \begin{align*} \begin{cases} &-Δu_j + λ_j u_j = μ_j u_j^3 + \sum_{i=1, i\not=j}^k β_{i,j} u_i^2 u_j \quad {\rm in}\ \mathbb{R}^N,\\ &u_j>0 \quad {\rm in}\ \mathbb{R}^N, \quad u_j(x) \to 0 \quad \text{as }|x|\to +\infty, \quad j=1,2,\cdots,k, \end{cases} \end{align*} where $N\leq 3$, $k\geq3$, $λ_j,μ_j>0$ are constants and $β_{i,j}=β_{j,i}\not=0$ are parameters. There have been intensive studies for the above system when $k=2$ or the system is purely attractive ($ β_{i,j}>0, \forall i \not = j$) or purely repulsive ($β_{i,j}<0, \forall i\not = j $); however very few results are available for $k\geq 3$ when the system admits {\bf mixed couplings}, i.e., there exist $(i_1,j_1)$ and $(i_2,j_2)$ such that $β_{i_1,j_1}β_{i_2,j_2}<0$. In this paper we give the first systematic and an (almost) complete study on the existence of ground states when the system admits mixed couplings. We first divide this system into {\bf repulsive-mixed} and {\bf total-mixed} cases. In the first case we prove nonexistence of ground states. In the second case we give an necessary condition for the existence of ground states and also provide estimates for the Morse index. The key idea is the {\bf block decomposition} of the system ({\bf optimal block decompositions, eventual block decompositions}), and the measure of total interaction forces between different {\bf blocks}. Finally the assumptions on the existence of ground states are shown to be {\bf optimal} in some special cases.
A two species interacting system motivated by the density functional theory for triblock copolymers contains long range interaction that affects the two species differently. In a two species periodic assembly of discs, the two species appear alternately on a lattice. A minimal two species periodic assembly is one with the least energy per lattice cell area. There is a parameter $b$ in $[0,1]$ and the type of the lattice associated with a minimal assembly varies depending on $b$. There are several thresholds defined by a number $B=0.1867...$ If $b \in [0, B)$, a minimal assembly is associated with a rectangular lattice whose ratio of the longer side and the shorter side is in $[\sqrt{3}, 1)$; if $b \in [B, 1-B]$, a minimal assembly is associated with a square lattice; if $b \in (1-B, 1]$, a minimal assembly is associated with a rhombic lattice with an acute angle in $[\fracπ{3}, \fracπ{2})$. Only when $b=1$, this rhombic lattice is a hexagonal lattice. None of the other values of $b$ yields a hexagonal lattice, a sharp contrast to the situation for one species interacting systems, where hexagonal lattices are ubiquitously observed.
We consider the singular $SU(3)$ Toda system with multiple singular sources \begin{align*} \left\{\begin{array}{ll}-Δw_1=2e^{2w_1}-e^{w_2}+2π\sum_{\ell=1}^mβ_{1,\ell}δ_{P_{\ell}}\quad\text{in }\mathbb{R}^2\\ \rule{0cm}{.5cm} -Δw_2=2e^{2w_2}-e^{w_1}+2π\sum_{\ell=1}^mβ_{2,\ell}δ_{P_{\ell}}\quad\text{in }\mathbb{R}^2 \\ w_i(x)=-2\log|x|+O(1)\quad\text{as }|x|\to\infty,\, i=1,2, \end{array}\right.\end{align*} with $m\geq 3$ and $β_{i,\ell}\in [0,1)$. We prove the existence and non-existence results under suitable assumptions on $β_{i,\ell}$. This generalizes Luo-Tian's \cite{Luo-Tian} result for a singular Liouville equation in $\mathbb{R}^2$. We also study existence results for a higher order singular Liouville equation in $\mathbb{R}^n$.
We construct finite time blow-up solutions to the 3-dimensional harmonic map flow into the sphere $S^2$, \begin{align*} u_t & = Δu + |\nabla u|^2 u \quad \text{in } Ω\times(0,T) \\ u &= u_b \quad \text{on } \partial Ω\times(0,T) \\ u(\cdot,0) &= u_0 \quad \text{in } Ω, \end{align*} with $u(x,t): \bar Ω\times [0,T) \to S^2$. Here $Ω$ is a bounded, smooth axially symmetric domain in $\mathbb{R}^3$. We prove that for any circle $Γ\subset Ω$ with the same axial symmetry, and any sufficiently small $T>0$ there exist initial and boundary conditions such that $u(x,t)$ blows-up exactly at time $T$ and precisely on the curve $Γ$, in fact $$ |\nabla u(\cdot ,t)|^2 \rightharpoonup |\nabla u_*|^2 + 8πδ_Γ\text{ as } t\to T . $$ for a regular function $u_*(x)$, where $δ_Γ$ denotes the Dirac measure supported on the curve. This the first example of a blow-up solution with a space-codimension 2 singular set, the maximal dimension predicted in the partial regularity theory by Chen-Struwe and Cheng.
We prove the existence of positive solutions for the supercritical nonlinear fractional Schrödinger equation $(-Δ)^s u+V(x)u-u^p=0$ in $\mathbb R^n$, with $u(x)\to 0$ as $|x|\to +\infty$, where $p>\frac{n+2s}{n-2s}$ for $s\in (0,1), \ n>2s$. We show that if $V(x)=o(|x|^{-2s})$ as $|x|\to +\infty$, then for $p>\frac{n+2s-1}{n-2s-1}$, this problem admits a continuum of solutions. More generally, for $p>\frac{n+2s}{n-2s}$, conditions for solvability are also provided. This result is the extension of the work by Davila, Del Pino, Musso and Wei to the fractional case. Our main contributions are: the existence of a smooth, radially symmetric, entire solution of $(-Δ)^s w=w^p$ in $\mathbb R^n$, and the analysis of its properties. The difficulty here is the lack of phase-plane analysis for a nonlocal ODE; instead we use conformal geometry methods together with Schaaf's argument as in the paper by Ao, Chan, DelaTorre, Fontelos, González and Wei on the singular fractional Yamabe problem.
In this paper we study axially symmetric solutions of Allen-Cahn equation with finite Morse index. It is shown that there does not exist such a solution in dimensions between $4$ and $10$. In dimension $3$, we prove that these solutions have finitely many ends. Furthermore, the solution has exactly two ends if its Morse index equals $1$.
In this paper we study the following conformally invariant poly-harmonic equation $$Δ^mu=-u^\frac{3+2m}{3-2m}\quad\text{in }\mathbb{R}^3,\quad u>0,$$ with $m=2,3$. We prove the existence of positive smooth radial solutions with prescribed volume $\int_{\mathbb{R}^3} u^\frac{6}{3-2m}dx$. We show that the set of all possible values of the volume is a bounded interval $(0,Λ^*]$ for $m=2$, and it is $(0,\infty)$ for $m=3$. This is in sharp contrast to $m=1$ case in which the volume $\int_{\mathbb{R}^3} u^\frac{6}{3-2m}dx$ is a fixed value.