arXiv subjects

Juste Raimbault

Publications and source records attributed to Juste Raimbault.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2023

Estimating Bibliometric Links using Google Scholar: A Semi-Systematic Literature Mapping of Migration and Housing

As the number of empirical studies increases unprecedentedly in line with expansions in higher education, theoretical developments in population studies suffer due to a discoverability crisis of related work. The systematic use of previous research is common in the medical sciences through various types of structured reviews. However, these are less common in the social sciences, despite their potential, especially in cross-disciplinary fields such as migration. We use Google Scholar to examine the niche of housing research within migration studies through a broad range of documents. The contribution of this meta-analysis is threefold. Firstly, we illustrate the association of keywords across the corpus of literature related to migration and housing and map the growth of migration literature since the 1960s. Secondly, we highlight key bridging documents using network measures. Finally, we estimate the distance in reading time between documents. Our findings suggest that the corpus of previous work at the intersection of migration and housing consists of many additive case studies, indicating a gap in integrative approaches replicable across a growing knowledge landscape.

cs.DL↗

arXiv2022

Complex systems science and urban science: towards applications to sustainability trade-offs in territorial systems

Urban systems are at the core of current sustainability concerns, and their study from a complexity perspective has a long history in several disciplines. We survey this literature and discuss future research directions relevant to sustainable planning, in particular the construction of integrative approaches. We finally illustrate this research program with the coupling of urban simulation models to explore trade-offs between sustainable development goals in systems of cities.

physics.soc-ph↗

arXiv2022

Innovation and informal knowledge exchanges between firms

Firm clusters are seen as having a positive effect on innovations, what can be interpreted as economies of scale or knowledge spillovers. The processes underlying the success of these clusters remain difficult to isolate. We propose in this paper a stylised agent-based model to test the role of geographical proximity and informal knowledge exchanges between firms on the emergence of innovations. The model is run on synthetic firm clusters. Sensitivity analysis and systematic model exploration unveil a strong impact of interaction distance on innovations, with a qualitative shift when spatial interactions are more intense. Model bi-objective optimisation shows a compromise between innovation and product diversity, suggesting trade-offs for clusters in practice. This model provides thus a first basis to systematically explore the interplay between firm cluster geography and innovation, from an evolutionary perspective.

cs.MA↗

arXiv2021

Urban sprawl and evolution of accessibility profiles in Chinese cities

The development of public transportation networks and associated transit oriented development policies are efficient tools to mitigate urban sprawl and its negative environmental impacts, especially in terms of commuting emissions. We study in this paper the trajectories in terms of sprawl and public transport accessibility of the nine largest Chinese megacities, from 2000 to 2030 with projected transportation networks and populations. Using the radial profile methodology, we compare the evolution of population distribution with the evolution of accessibility profiles. We show a rebalancing of access in time, suggesting the efficiency of transport network growth regarding transit-oriented development objectives.

physics.soc-ph↗

arXiv2021

Trade-offs between sustainable development goals in systems of cities

Sustainable Development Goals are intrinsically competing, but their embedding into urban systems furthermore emphasises such compromises, due to spatial complexity, the non-optimal nature of such systems, and multi-objective aspects of their agents, among other reasons. We propose in this paper to use a stylised simulation model for systems of cities, focused on innovation diffusion and population dynamics, to show how trade-offs may operate at such a scale. We proceed in particular to a bi-objective optimisation of emissions and innovation utilities, and show that no single urban optimum exists, but a diversity of regimes forming a compromise between the two objectives.

physics.soc-ph↗

arXiv2021

Characterising and modeling the co-evolution of transportation networks and territories

The identification of structuring effects of transportation infrastructure on territorial dynamics remains an open research problem. This issue is one of the aspects of approaches on complexity of territorial dynamics, within which territories and networks would be co-evolving. The aim of this thesis is to challenge this view on interactions between networks and territories, both at the conceptual and empirical level, by integrating them in simulation models of territorial systems.

physics.soc-ph↗

arXiv2021

Complementarity of generative models for road networks

Understanding the dynamics of road networks has theoretical implications for urban science and practical applications for sustainable long-term planning. Various generative models to explain road network growth have been introduced in the literature. We propose in this paper a systematic benchmark of such models integrating different paradigms (spatial interactions, cost-benefit compromises, biological network growth), focusing on the feasible space of generated network measures. We find a quantitatively high complementarity between the different models. This confirms the necessity of a plurality of urban models, in line with integrative approaches to urban systems.

physics.soc-ph↗

arXiv2021

Simulating urban dynamics and international governance of transportation infrastructure projects

Systems of cities at the macroscopic scale have their trajectories conditioned by the evolution of infrastructure networks. This leads to complex planning and management situations in the particular case of international transportation infrastructure projects. To understand such dynamics and anticipate future sustainable trajectories, we introduce a co-evolution model between cities and transportation networks at the international scale, which simulates network growth by including transportation governance. The model is applied to synthetic systems of cities and the parameter space systematically explored, showing strong interactions between urban dynamics and governance structure. We also study optimisation patterns as compromises between construction cost and accessibility gain, with possible future applications to sustainable long-term planning of international transport projects.

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arXiv2021

An agent-based model for modal shift in public transport

Modal shift in public transport as a consequence of a disruption on a line has in some cases unforeseen consequences such as an increase in congestion in the rest of the network. How information is provided to users and their behavior plays a central role in such configurations. We introduce here a simple and stylised agent-based model aimed at understanding the impact of behavioural parameters on modal shift. The model is applied on a case study based on a stated preference survey for a segment of Paris suburban train network. We systematically explore the parameter space and show non-trivial patterns of congestion for some values of discrete choice parameters linked to perceived wait time and congestion. We also apply a genetic optimisation algorithm to the model to search for optimal compromises between congestion in different modes.

cs.MA↗

arXiv2021

Introducing endogenous transport provision in a LUTI model to explore polycentric governance systems

Models focusing on interactions between land-use and transportation mostly assume an exogenous provision of transportation infrastructures. We investigate here co-evolutionary processes between land-use and transportation, at the scale of Mega-City Regions, by introducing a toy model of corresponding processes. In particular, our model is specifically tailored to include governance processes ruling the growth of transportation infrastructure. We show through stylised numerical simulations the potentialities of our model to reproduce a variety of dynamics when co-evolution is taken into account. We then apply the model to a case study, by calibrating it for the Pearl River Delta Mega-city Region (China, 1990-2010). To go beyond this first modelling step, we elaborate on the challenges to overcome to go further towards more complex models integrating co-evolution between transportation networks and territories in urban systems.

physics.soc-ph↗

arXiv2021

Integrating and validating urban simulation models

Urban systems are intrinsically complex, involving different dimensions and scales, and consequently various approaches and scientific disciplines. In that context, urban simulation models have been coined as essential for the construction of evidence-based and integrated urban sciences. This review and position paper synthesises previous work focused on coupling and integrating urban models on the one hand, and exploring and validating such simulation models on the other hand. These research directions are complementary basis for a research program towards the development of integrated urban theories, with some application perspectives to sustainable territorial planning.

cs.CY↗

arXiv2021

Estimating public transport congestion in UK urban areas with open transport models

Operational urban transport models require to gather heterogeneous sets of data and often integrate different sub-models. Their systematic validation and reproducible application therefore remains problematic. We propose in this contribution to build transport models from the bottom-up using scientific workflow systems with open-source components and data. These open models are aimed in particular at estimating congestion of public transport in all UK urban areas. This allows us building health indicators related to public transport density in the context of the COVID-19 crisis, and testing related policies.

physics.soc-ph↗

arXiv2021

A multiscale model of urban morphogenesis

The dynamics and processes of urban morphogenesis are a central issue regarding a long-term sustainability of urban systems. They however imply stakeholders and parameters at multiple temporal and spatial scales simultaneously, leading to intricate interactions between dimensions and scales. We introduce in this paper from a theoretical viewpoint a simple agent-based model of urban morphogenesis at the scale of an urban area, with the feature of integrating the microscopic and the mesoscopic scales. At the local level, developer agents drive urban development conditioned by local properties but also an infrastructure network at a smaller scale. The network evolves more slowly following global properties. Indicators of sustainability including modal shares and urban density suggest an application of the model to multi-objective optimisation. We finally discuss possible implementation, extensions and applications of the model.

physics.soc-ph↗

arXiv2021

An interdisciplinary bibliometric analysis of models for land-use and transport interactions

Research on links between transport and land-use is by essence interdisciplinary, as a result of the multi-dimensionality and complexity of these objects. In the case of models simulating interactions between transport and land-use, the research landscape is similarly relatively broad and sparse. We propose in this paper a bibliometric analysis of this literature from an interdisciplinary perspective. We first provide a survey of the various disciplines and approaches. We then construct an interdisciplinary corpus of around 10,000 papers, which we analyse in terms of citation network and semantic content. We illustrate therein the diversity of existing approaches, their complementarity, and possible future research directions coupling some of these viewpoints.

cs.DL↗

arXiv2021

Strong coupling between scales in a multi-scalar model of urban dynamics

Urban evolution processes occur at different scales, with intricate interactions between levels and relatively distinct type of processes. To what extent actual urban dynamics include an actual strong coupling between scales, in the sense of both top-down and bottom-up feedbacks, remains an open issue with important practical implications for the sustainable management of territories. We introduce in this paper a multi-scalar simulation model of urban growth, coupling a system of cities interaction model at the macroscopic scale with morphogenesis models for the evolution of urban form at the scale of metropolitan areas. Strong coupling between scales is achieved through an update of model parameters at each scale depending on trajectories at the other scale. The model is applied and explored on synthetic systems of cities. Simulation results show a non-trivial effect of the strong coupling. As a consequence, an optimal action on policy parameters such as containing urban sprawl is shifted. We also run a multi-objective optimization algorithm on the model, showing showing that compromise between scales are captured. Our approach opens new research directions towards more operational urban dynamics models including a strong feedback between scales.

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arXiv2020

A systematic review and meta-analysis of interaction models between transportation networks and territories

Modeling and simulation in urban and regional studies has always given a significant place to models relating the dynamics of territories with transportation networks. These include for example Land-use Transport Interaction models, but this question has been investigated from different viewpoints and disciplines. We propose in this paper a systematic review to construct a corpus of such models, followed by a meta-analysis of model characteristics. A statistical analysis provides links between temporal and spatial scale of models, their level of interdisciplinarity, and the paper year, with disciplines, type of model and methodology. We unveil in particular strong disciplinary discrepancies in the type of approach taken. This study provides a basis for novel and interdisciplinary approaches to modeling interactions between transportation networks and territories.

cs.DL↗

arXiv2020

Spatial dynamics of complex urban systems within an evolutionary theory frame

This chapter is about Complexity and Spatial Dynamics in Urban Systems. Strong inequalities in the size of cities and the apparent difficulty of limiting their growth raise practical issues for spatial planning. At a time when new constraints in terms of limited energy and raw material resources or possible catastrophic events such as pandemics are challenging further urban expansion, it is important to consolidate the theories from various scientific disciplines to estimate to what extent the urban dynamics can be modified. While briefly reviewing the contributions to urban theories provided by the new developments in complexity sciences, we first advocate for the soundness of urban theories. Second, we develop our original approach considering spatial interaction and evolutionary path dependence as major features in the general behavior of urban entities. Third, we test these principles grounded in an evolutionary theory of urban systems by experimenting four dynamic models of urban growth calibrated on harmonized empirical data sets with comparisons across the whole world.

physics.soc-ph↗

arXiv2020

Modeling growth of urban firm networks

The emergence of interconnected urban networks is a crucial feature of globalisation processes. Understanding the drivers behind the growth of such networks - in particular urban firm networks -, is essential for the economic resilience of urban systems. We introduce in this paper a generative network model for firm networks at the urban area level including several complementary processes: the economic size of urban areas at origin and destination, industrial sector proximity between firms, the strength of links from the past, as well as the geographical and socio-cultural distance. An empirical network analysis on European firm ownership data confirms the relevance of each of these factors. We then simulate network growth for synthetic systems of cities, unveiling stylized facts such as a transition from a local to a global regime or a maximal integration achieved at an intermediate interaction range. We calibrate the model on the European network, outperforming statistical models and showing a strong role of path-dependency. Potential applications of the model include the study of mitigation policies to deal with exogenous shocks such as economic crisis or potential lockdowns of countries, which we illustrate with an application on stylized scenarios.

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