arXiv subjects

K. A. Bronnikov

Publications and source records attributed to K. A. Bronnikov.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

arXiv2008

Cosmologies from nonlinear multidimensional gravity with acceleration and slowly varying G

We consider multidimensional gravity with a Lagrangian containing the Ricci tensor squared and the Kretschmann invariant. In a Kaluza-Klein approach with a single compact extra space of arbitrary dimension, with the aid of a slow-change approximation (as compared with the Planck scale), we build a class of spatially flat cosmological models in which both the observed scale factor $a(τ)$ and the extra-dimensional one, $b(τ)$, grow exponentially at large times, but $b(τ)$ grows slowly enough to admit variations of the effective gravitational constant $G$ within observational limits. Such models predict a drastic change in the physical laws of our Universe in the remote future due to further growth of the extra dimensions.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2007

Abilities of multidimensional gravity

We show that a number of problems of modern cosmology may be addressed and solved in the framework of multidimensional gravity with high-order curvature invariants, without invoking other fields. As applications of this approach, we mention primordial inflation and particle production after it; description of the modern accelerated stage of the Universe with stable compact extra dimensions; construction of asymmetric thick brane-world models.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2007

Global strings in extra dimensions: a full map of solutions, matter trapping and the hierarchy problem

We consider (d_0+2)-dimensional configurations with global strings in the two extra dimensions and a flat metric in d_0 dimensions, endowed with a warp factor e^{2γ} depending on the distance l from the string center. All possible regular solutions to the field equations are classified by the behavior of the warp factor and the extra-dimensional circular radius r(l). Solutions with r\to \infty and r\to \const >0 as l\to \infty are interpreted in terms of thick brane world models. Solutions with r \to 0 as l \to l_c > 0, i.e., those with a second center, are interpreted as either multi-brane systems (which is appropriate for large enough distances l_c between the centers) or as Kaluza-Klein type configurations with extra dimensions invisible due to their smallness. For the case of the Mexican-hat symmetry breaking potential, we build a full map of regular solutions on the (ε,Γ) parameter plane, where εacts as an effective cosmological constant while Γcharacterizes the strength of gravity. The trapping properties of candidate brane worlds for test scalar fields are discussed. Good trapping properties for massive fields are found for models with growing warp factors. Kaluza-Klein type models are shown to possess nontrivial warp factor behaviors, leading to matter particle mass spectra which seem promising from the standpoint of hierarchy problems.

hep-th↗

arXiv2007

Regular homogeneous T-models with vacuum dark fluid

We present the class of regular homogeneous T-models with vacuum dark fluid, associated with a variable cosmological term. The vacuum fluid is defined by the symmetry of its stress-energy tensor, i.e., its invariance under Lorentz boosts in a distinguished spatial direction (p_j=-ρ), which makes this fluid essentially anisotropic and allows its density to evolve. Typical features of homogeneous regular T-models are: the existence of a Killing horizon; beginning of the cosmological evolution from a null bang at the horizon; the existence of a regular static pre-bang region visible to cosmological observers; creation of matter from anisotropic vacuum, accompanied by very rapid isotropization. We study in detail the spherically symmetric regular T-models on the basis of a general exact solution for a mixture of the vacuum fluid and dustlike matter and apply it to give numerical estimates for a particular model which illustrates the ability of cosmological T-models to satisfy the observational constraints.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2007

Charged black holes and unusual wormholes in scalar-tensor gravity

We consider static, spherically symmetric, electrically or/and magnetically charged configurations of a minimally coupled scalar field with an arbitrary potential $V(ϕ)$ in general relativity. Using the inverse problem method, we obtain a four-parameter family of asymptotically dS, flat and AdS solutions, including those with naked singularities and both extreme and non-extreme black-hole (BH) solutions. The parameters are identified as the asymptotic cosmological constant, an arbitrary length scale, mass and charge. In all asymptotically flat BH solutions, the potential $V(ϕ)$ is partly negative, in accord with Bekenstein and Mayo's no-hair theorem. The well-known conformal mapping extends the BH solutions to Jordan's pictures of a general class of scalar-tensor theories (STT) of gravity under the condition that the nonminimal coupling function $f(ϕ)$ is everywhere positive. Relaxing the latter condition and assuming $f=0$ at some value of $ϕ$, we obtain wormhole solutions in a particular subclass of STT. In such solutions, the double horizon of an extreme BH in Einstein's picture maps into the second spatial infinity in Jordan's. However, at this second infinity, the effective gravitational coupling infinitely grows.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2007

Diversity of universes created by pure gravity

We show that a number of problems of modern cosmology may be solved in the framework of multidimensional gravity with high-order curvature invariants, without invoking other fields. We use a method employing a slow-change approximation, able to work with rather a general form of the gravitational action, and consider Kaluza-Klein type space-times with one or several extra factor spaces. A vast choice of effective theories suggested by the present framework may be stressed: even if the initial Lagrangian is entirely fixed, one obtains quite different models for different numbers, dimensions and topologies of the extra factor spaces. As examples of problems addressed we consider (i) explanation of the present accelerated expansion of the Universe, with a reasonably small cosmological constant, and the problem of its fine tuning is considered from a new point of view; (ii) the mechanism of closed wall production in the early Universe; such walls are necessary for massive primordial black hole formation which is an important stage in some scenarios of cosmic structure formation; (iii) sufficient particle production rate at the end of inflation; (iv) it is shown that our Universe may contain spatial domains with a macroscopic size of extra dimensions. We also discuss chaotic attractors appearing at possible nodes of the kinetic term of the effective scalar field Lagrangian.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2006

Regular black holes and black universes

We give a comparative description of different types of regular static, spherically symmetric black holes (BHs) and discuss in more detail their particular type, which we suggest to call black universes. The latter have a Schwarzschild-like causal structure, but inside the horizon there is an expanding Kantowski-Sachs universe and a de Sitter infinity instead of a singularity. Thus a hypothetic BH explorer gets a chance to survive. Solutions of this kind are naturally obtained if one considers static, spherically symmetric distributions of various (but not all) kinds of phantom matter whose existence is favoured by cosmological observations. It also looks possible that our Universe has originated from phantom-dominated collapse in another universe and underwent isotropization after crossing the horizon. An explicit example of a black-universe solution with positive Schwarzschild mass is discussed.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2006

Different faces of the phantom

The SNe type Ia data admit that the Universe today may be dominated by some exotic matter with negative pressure violating all energy conditions. Such exotic matter is called {\it phantom matter} due to the anomalies connected with violation of the energy conditions. If a phantom matter dominates the matter content of the universe, it can develop a singularity in a finite future proper time. Here we show that, under certain conditions, the evolution of perturbations of this matter may lead to avoidance of this future singularity (the Big Rip). At the same time, we show that local concentrations of a phantom field may form, among other regular configurations, black holes with asymptotically flat static regions, separated by an event horizon from an expanding, singularity-free, asymptotically de Sitter universe.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2006

Cold black holes and conformal continuations

We study Einstein gravity minimally coupled to a scalar field in a static, spherically symmetric space-time in four dimensions. Black hole solutions are shown to exist for a phantom scalar field whose kinetic energy is negative. These ``scalar black holes'' have an infinite horizon area and zero Hawking temperature and are termed ``cold black holes'' (CBHs). The relevant explicit solutions are well-known in the massless case (the so-called anti-Fisher solution), and we have found a particular example of a CBH with a nonzero potential $V(ϕ)$. All CBHs with $V(ϕ) \not \equiv 0$ are shown to behave near the horizon quite similarly to those with a massless field. The above solutions can be converted by a conformal transformation to Jordan frames of a general class of scalar-tensor theories of gravity, but CBH horizons in one frame are in many cases converted to singularities in the other, which gives rise to a new type of conformal continuation.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2006

Possible variations of the fine structure constant $α$ and their metrological significance

We briefly review the recent experimental results on possible variations of the fine structure constant $α$ on the cosmological time scale and its position dependence. We outline the theoretical grounds for the assumption that $α$ might be variable, mention some phenomenological models incorporating a variable $α$ into the context of modern cosmology and discuss the significance of possible $α$ variations for theoretical and practical metrology.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2006

Self-stabilization of extra dimensions

We show that the problem of stabilization of extra dimensions in Kaluza-Klein type cosmology may be solved in a theory of gravity involving high-order curvature invariants. The method suggested (employing a slow-change approximation) can work with rather a general form of the gravitational action. As examples, we consider pure gravity with Lagrangians quadratic and cubic in the scalar curvature and some more complex ones in a simple Kaluza-Klein framework. After a transition to the 4D Einstein conformal frame, this results in effective scalar field theories with certain effective potentials, which in many cases possess positive minima providing stable small-size extra dimensions. Estimates made in the original (Jordan) conformal frame show that the problem of a small value of the cosmological constant in the present Universe is softened in this framework but is not solved completely.}

gr-qc↗

arXiv2006

Cold Black Holes in the Einstein-Scalar Field System

We study Einstein gravity coupled to a massless scalar field in a static spherically symmetric space-time in four dimensions. Black hole solutions exist when the kinetic energy of the scalar field is negative, that is, for a phantom field. These ``scalar black holes'' have an infinite horizon area and zero temperature. They are related through a conformal transformation with similar objects in the Jordan frames of scalar-tensor theories of gravity. The thermodynamical properties of these solutions are discussed. It is proved that any \ssph \bhs with an infinite horizon area have zero Hawking temperature.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2006

Brane world corrections to Newton's law

We discuss possible variations of the effective gravitational constant with length scale, predicted by most of alternative theories of gravity and unified models of physical interactions. After a brief general exposition, we review in more detail the predicted corrections to Newton's law of gravity in diverse brane world models. We consider various configurations in 5 dimensions (flat, de Sitter and AdS branes in Einstein and Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theories, with and without induced gravity and possible incomplete graviton localization), 5D multi-brane systems and some models in higher dimensions. A common feature of all models considered is the existence of corrections to Newton's law at small radii comparable with the bulk characteristic length: at such radii, gravity on the brane becomes effectively multidimensional. Many models contain superlight perturbation modes, which modify gravity at large scale and may be important for astrophysics and cosmology.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2006

Generalized theories of gravity and conformal continuations

Many theories of gravity admit formulations in different, conformally related manifolds, known as the Jordan and Einstein conformal frames. Among them are various scalar-tensor theories of gravity and high-order theories with the Lagrangian $f(R)$ where $R$ is the scalar curvature and $f$ an arbitrary function. It may happen that a singularity in the Einstein frame corresponds to a regular surface S_trans in the Jordan frame, and the space-time is then continued beyond this surface. This phenomenon is called a conformal continuation (CC). We discuss the properties of vacuum static, spherically symmetric configurations of arbitrary dimension in scalar-tensor and $f(R)$ theories of gravity and indicate necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of solutions admitting a CC. Two cases are distinguished, when S_trans is an ordinary regular sphere and when it is a Killing horizon. Two explicit examples of CCs are presented.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2005

Regular phantom black holes

For self-gravitating, static, spherically symmetric, minimally coupled scalar fields with arbitrary potentials and negative kinetic energy (favored by the cosmological observations), we give a classification of possible regular solutions to the field equations with flat, de Sitter and AdS asymptotic behavior. Among the 16 presented classes of regular rsolutions are traversable wormholes, Kantowski-Sachs (KS) cosmologies beginning and ending with de Sitter stages, and asymptotically flat black holes (BHs). The Penrose diagram of a regular BH is Schwarzschild-like, but the singularity at $r=0$ is replaced by a de Sitter infinity, which gives a hypothetic BH explorer a chance to survive. Such solutions also lead to the idea that our Universe could be created from a phantom-dominated collapse in another universe, with KS expansion and isotropization after crossing the horizon. Explicit examples of regular solutions are built and discussed. Possible generalizations include $k$-essence type scalar fields (with a potential) and scalar-tensor theories of gravity.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2005

Electrically charged and neutral wormhole instability in scalar-tensor gravity

We study the stability of static, spherically symmetric, traversable wormholes with or without an electric charge, existing due to conformal continuations in a class of scalar-tensor theories with zero scalar field potential (so that Penney's or Fisher's well-known solutions hold in the Einstein conformal frame). Specific examples of such wormholes are those with nonminimally (e.g., conformally) coupled scalar fields. All boundary conditions for scalar and metric perturbations are taken into account. All such wormholes with zero or small electric charge are shown to be unstable under spherically symmetric perturbations. The instability is proved analytically with the aid of the theory of self-adjoint operators in Hilbert space and is confirmed by numerical computations.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2005

Gravitating global monopoles in extra dimensions and the brane world concept

Multidimensional configurations with Minkowski external space-time and a spherical global monopole in extra dimensions are discussed in the context of the brane world concept. The monopole is formed with a hedgehog-like set of scalar fields ϕ^i with a symmetry-breaking potential V depending on the magnitude ϕ^2 = ϕ^i ϕ^i. All possible kinds of globally regular configurations are singled out without specifying the shape of V(ϕ). These variants are governed by the maximum value ϕ_m of the scalar field, characterizing the energy scale of symmetry breaking. If ϕ_m < ϕ_cr (where ϕ_cr is a critical value of ϕrelated to the multidimensional Planck scale), the monopole reaches infinite radii while in the ``strong field regime'', when ϕ_m\geq ϕ_cr, the monopole may end with a cylinder of finite radius or possess two regular centers. The warp factors of monopoles with both infinite and finite radii may either exponentially grow or tend to finite constant values far from the center. All such configurations are shown to be able to trap test scalar matter, in striking contrast to RS2 type 5D models. The monopole structures obtained analytically are also found numerically for the Mexican hat potential with an additional parameter acting as a cosmological constant.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2005

Uniqueness of RS2 type thick branes supported by a scalar field

We study thick brane world models as Z_2-symmetric domain walls supported by a scalar field with an arbitrary potential V(ϕ) in 5D general relativity. Under the global regularity requirement, such configurations (i) have always an AdS asymptotic far from the brane, (ii) are only possible if V(ϕ) has an alternating sign and (iii) V(ϕ) should satisfy a certain fine-tuning type equality. Thus a thick brane with any admissible V(ϕ) is a regularized version of the RS2 brane immersed in the AdS_5 bulk. The thin brane limit is realized in a universal manner by including an arbitrary thick brane model in a one-parameter family, where the parameter "a" is associated with brane thickness; the asymptotic value of V(ϕ) (related to Λ_5, the effective cosmological constant) remains a-independent. The problem of ordinary matter confinement on the brane is discussed for a test scalar field. Its stress-energy tensor is found to diverge at the AdS horizon for both thin and thick branes, making a serious problem for this class of brane world models.

gr-qc↗