Searcharxiv⌕ Search

arXiv subjects

K. Azizi

Publications and source records attributed to K. Azizi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2026

Probing the Electromagnetic Structure of Heavy-Light Hybrid Mesons with Vector and Axial-Vector Quantum Numbers

We investigate the electromagnetic (EM) properties of vector and axial-vector heavy-light hybrid mesons within the light cone QCD sum rules framework. These states are characterized by an explicit gluonic degree of freedom and are studied through interpolating currents corresponding to the $J^{P(C)}=1^{-(-)}$, $1^{+(-)}$, $1^{+(+)}$, and $1^{-(+)}$ hybrid configurations. By analyzing the correlation function in the presence of an external background photon and matching its hadronic and QCD representations, we derive the light cone sum rules for the magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole form factors and extract the corresponding electromagnetic moments at $Q^2=0$. The QCD side of the sum rules incorporates the perturbative photon emission contributions as well as the relevant non-perturbative effects described by photon distribution amplitudes (DAs). Numerical predictions are obtained for the charged $\bar b g u$, $b g\bar u$, $\bar c g d$, $c g\bar d$, $\bar c g s$, and $c g\bar s$ hybrid configurations. The calculated electromagnetic moments show variations among the different hybrid configurations. A more systematic pattern is observed for the electric quadrupole moments (EQMs): the results obtained from the $\mathcal J_\mu^1$ and $\mathcal J_\mu^3$ currents are generally close to each other, as are those obtained from $\mathcal J_\mu^2$ and $\mathcal J_\mu^4$, with the former pair generally yielding somewhat larger magnitudes. The magnetic dipole moments (MDMs), in contrast, do not necessarily exhibit the same systematic grouping, although they also show variations among the different currents and configurations. For the bottom-containing states...

hep-ph↗
arXiv2026

Probing the $B^{0}$ meson in a hot medium with finite baryon chemical potential

We perform a quantitative analysis of the $B^{0}$ meson spectroscopic parameters in a hot and dense medium. Within the framework of QCD two-point sum rules, we calculate the mass and decay constant of the $B^{0}$ meson with the help of the perturbative spectral density and nonperturbative contributions up to mass dimension five as functions of temperature $T$ and baryon chemical potential $\mu_B$. For various fixed values of the baryon chemical potential, our numerical results indicate that both the mass and decay constant of the $B^{0}$ meson initially increase with temperature, reach a maximum, and then gradually decrease before eventually vanishing at sufficiently high temperatures. The corresponding vanishing points are found to be in the temperature intervals $(0.182-0.273)~\mathrm{GeV}$ and $(0.118-0.173)~\mathrm{GeV}$, for the mass and decay constant, respectively. Moreover, these temperatures move toward lower values as the baryon chemical potential increases. On the other hand, for various fixed temperatures, both the mass and decay constant exhibit a slight initial increase with increasing baryon chemical potential, followed by a subsequent decrease, eventually vanishing at sufficiently high chemical potentials. The vanishing points for the decay constant is determined to be in baryon chemical potential interval $(0.23-0.83)~\mathrm{GeV}$. For the mass, the decrease at $T=0$ is much weaker than at finite temperatures; excluding this case, the vanishing points for the mass are determined to be in baryon chemical potential interval $(0.38-1.43)~\mathrm{GeV}$ for different fixed temperatures. It is further observed that the baryon chemical potential values corresponding to the vanishing of both the mass and decay constant move to lower values as the temperature increases. In the $T \to 0$ and $\mu_B \to 0$ limit ...

hep-ph↗
arXiv2026

Photon and gluon gravitational form factors of proton in QCD

The energy-momentum tensor provides a unique insight into the internal gravitational structure of the proton by revealing how energy, momentum, and mechanical properties are distributed among its different QCD components. The gravitational form factors associated with different components of the QCD energy-momentum tensor allow us to investigate the individual contributions of these sectors to the gravitational properties of the proton. In this work, we calculate the photon and gluon gravitational form factors of the proton within the framework of QCD sum rules. Using the photon and gluon components of the QCD energy-momentum tensor, we derive the corresponding sum rules for four independent gravitational form factors. Their momentum transfer dependence is analyzed within the validity region of the method and extrapolated to zero momentum transfer using a multipole parametrization. The resulting parametrizations of the form factors are used to extract the mass and scalar radii associated with the photon and gluon sectors. Our results indicate that the gluon mass radius is smaller than the photon mass radius, suggesting a more localized gluonic energy distribution inside the proton. These findings provide new nonperturbative information on the gravitational structure of the proton and offer complementary theoretical results for future lattice QCD calculations and phenomenological studies.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2026

Open-Charm Vector Mesons in Hot and Dense Nuclear Matter

We investigate the in-medium properties of the open-charm vector mesons $D_s^{*}$ and $D^{*}$ in hot and dense nuclear matter within the framework of finite-temperature and finite-density QCD sum rules. The analysis incorporates temperature- and density-dependent quark and gluon condensates together with an in-medium continuum threshold constrained by the light-quark condensate. By solving the resulting QCD sum rules, we determine the in-medium masses and leptonic decay constants of the $D_s^{*\pm}$ and $D^{*\pm}$ mesons over a broad region of the $(T,\rho)$ plane. Both vector mesons undergo substantial in-medium softening, with their masses and leptonic decay constants decreasing as the baryon density increases. The masses exhibit a non-monotonic dependence on baryon density, whereas the leptonic decay constants decrease monotonically throughout the investigated density range. Increasing temperature generally weakens the density-induced modifications, although baryon density remains the dominant driver of the in-medium evolution. The largest mass shifts occur at intermediate-to-high densities, reaching approximately $-413~\mathrm{MeV}$ for the $D_s^{*-}$ meson and $-207~\mathrm{MeV}$ for the $D^{*-}$ meson, while the leptonic decay constants are reduced by more than $68\%$ in both channels at the highest densities considered. We further investigate the particle--antiparticle splittings of the masses and leptonic decay constants induced by finite baryon density. Finite baryon density lifts the vacuum degeneracy between the charge-conjugate states, while increasing temperature generally suppresses the resulting asymmetries. Although the strange and non-strange channels exhibit similar qualitative behavior, quantitative differences emerge in both the in-medium modifications and the particle--antiparticle splittings. ....

hep-ph↗
arXiv2026

Hot and Dense Medium Effects on the $B_s^*$ and $B^*$ Multiplets

We present an extensive analysis of the in-medium masses and decay constants of the $B_s^*(5415)$ and $B^*(5325)$ multiplets, including both particles and antiparticles, using QCD sum rules at finite temperature and density. The OPE incorporates the full temperature- and density-dependent contributions from the quark, gluon, and mixed condensates. Computing the strange ($B_s^{*0}$, $\bar{B}_s^{*0}$), charged ($B^{*\pm}$), and neutral ($B^{*0}$, $\bar{B}^{*0}$) doublet properties allows us to study the effects of flavor symmetry breaking, strangeness, and heavy-quark decoupling on the beauty vector mesons in the medium. Our results indicate that the mass is remarkably resistant to the medium across the entire multiplet: no state loses more than $\sim 13\%$ of its vacuum value, even at $T = T_c$ and $n = 5n_0$, the extreme conditions explored here. The decay constant is far more sensitive, losing up to $\sim 78\%$ at the same point. Baryon density clearly dominates the medium response, while temperature plays a secondary role until the system approaches the deconfinement crossover. At zero density, every state loses almost the same fraction of its mass and decay constant: mass shifts lie between $-(0.5$-$1.1)\%$ and decay-constant shifts between $-(3.9$-$5.3)\%$, regardless of charge or flavor, so temperature alone does not distinguish a particle from its antiparticle. At finite baryon density, a clear particle-antiparticle asymmetry emerges: at $T = 0$ and $n = 5n_0$, the $\bar{B}^{*0}$ mass decreases by $12.9\%$, whereas the $B^{*0}$ mass shifts by only $6.1\%$, a gap of nearly seven percentage points driven entirely by the vector self-energy. This provides a theoretical basis for the future heavy-ion collision program at RHIC, LHC, FAIR, and NICA.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2026

Interpreting the Newly Observed $\Xi(1720)$ State in the Spin-$\frac{3}{2}$ $\Xi$ Spectrum

We analyze the low lying spin-$\frac{3}{2}$ $\Xi$ spectrum by means of the two point QCD sum rule approach. The analysis is motivated by the BESIII observation of the $\Xi(1720)$ resonance, reported with mass $1721.0\pm5.2_{\mathrm{stat.}}\pm3.4_{\mathrm{syst.}}~\mathrm{MeV}$ and favored quantum numbers $J^P=\frac{3}{2}^{+}$. In this framework, we include the $1S$, $1P$, $2S$ and $2P$ configurations as possible low lying spin-$\frac{3}{2}$ cascade states. The extracted masses are $1527.53\pm111.38~\mathrm{MeV}$, $1615.30\pm50.98~\mathrm{MeV}$, $1727.52\pm42.39~\mathrm{MeV}$ and $1803.71\pm64.50~\mathrm{MeV}$ for the $1S$, $1P$, $2S$ and $2P$ states, respectively. The mass obtained for the $2S$ configuration agrees with the BESIII value within uncertainties and favors the assignment of $\Xi(1720)$ as the first radial spin-$\frac{3}{2}$ excitation of the $\Xi$ baryon.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2026

Fully-beauty tensor tetraquark

Parameters of the fully-beauty tensor tetraquark $ T=bb\overline{b}\overline{b}$ are computed using QCD sum rule method. The mass $m$ and coupling $\Lambda$ of this state are evaluated by means of two-point sum rule approach. Prediction $m=(18530 \pm 86)~\mathrm{MeV}$ for the mass demonstrates that $T$ is stable against decays to pairs of $\eta_b \eta_b$ and $\Upsilon \Upsilon$ mesons. But it transforms to conventional particles due to $\overline{b}b$ annihilations to light quarks $\overline{q} q $ and $\overline{s}s$ followed by creation of mesons $B^{(\ast)+}B^{( \ast)-}$, $B^{(\ast)0}\overline{B}^{(\ast)0}$ and $B_s^{(\ast)0}\overline{B} _s^{(\ast)0}$. Partial width of these decay channels are calculated by invoking technical tools of three-point sum rule method. The latter allows us to estimate strong couplings at relevant tetraquark-meson-meson vertices and, hence, a width of the process under consideration. Our prediction $ \Gamma=(48 \pm 6)~\mathrm{MeV}$ along with the mass of this state can be valuable for experimental studies of all-heavy resonances.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2026

Double strange hybrid baryon

We investigate the spectroscopic properties of the double strange hybrid baryon with quark content $ssqg$ within the framework of QCD sum rule. Using an interpolating current with explicit gluonic degrees of freedom, the two-point correlation function is analyzed in terms of two independent Lorentz structures, $\slashed{q}$ and $I$. The operator product expansion is carried out by including vacuum condensates up to dimension ten, and the corresponding sum rules are derived for both structures. By taking the average of the results obtained from the two Lorentz structures, we extract the masses and pole residues of the ground and first excited states. For the ground state, we obtain a mass of $\widetilde{M } = (1593.44\pm 130.29)~ \mathrm{MeV}$ and a residue of $\widetilde{\lambda } = (2.57\pm 0.40) \times10^{-3} ~\mathrm{GeV}^5$. For the first excited state, the corresponding values are $M = (1897.47\pm 124.44)~ \mathrm{MeV}$ and $\lambda = (2.88\pm 0.62) \times10^{-3} ~\mathrm{GeV}^5$. The obtained results provide theoretical predictions for the double strange hybrid baryon spectrum and may be useful for future experimental searches as well as further nonperturbative studies of hybrid hadrons.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2026

Implications of exclusive photon leptoproduction measurements for the proton charge-radius puzzle

In the present study, we extend our previous analysis of the proton electromagnetic form factors (FFs) extracted from exclusive photon leptoproduction (EP) measurements in kinematic regions where the Bethe-Heitler (BH) process dominates the cross section by including all currently available high-precision EP data from the CLAS and Hall~A Collaborations. Using the same phenomenological framework, we investigate the consistency among the different data sets, determine the proton electromagnetic FFs within several fitting scenarios, and extract the corresponding charge and magnetic radii. A significant tension is observed between the CLAS 2018 measurements and the remaining EP data. We show that excluding this data set, or restricting its kinematic coverage by imposing suitable low-$|t|$ cuts, leads to stable fits with good quality and consistent FFs. For all analyses, the extracted proton charge radius is smaller than the Particle Data Group average and most determinations based on elastic electron-proton scattering. However, the results are consistent, within uncertainties, with the PRad measurement and muonic hydrogen spectroscopy. In contrast, the magnetic radius is found to be compatible with the current world average. These results demonstrate that BH-dominated EP measurements provide an independent and complementary approach to determine the electromagnetic structure of the proton and offer additional support for the small-radius solution of the proton charge-radius puzzle.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2026

Hybrid stars with hyperons: structure based on QCD sum rule coupling constants

We present a comprehensive study of hybrid stars composed of hadrons, leptons, and quarks within a relativistic mean-field framework. Using coupling constants derived from QCD sum rules (QCDSR), we first determine the bulk properties of nuclear matter and evaluate the single-particle potentials of nucleons and hyperons to constrain the hadronic sector. The equation of state (EOS) under beta equilibrium is then constructed employing the $\sigma-\omega-\rho$ model for the hadronic phase, while the quark phase is described using both the MIT bag model and the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model. The hadron-quark phase transition is analyzed through both Gibbs and Maxwell constructions. Based on resulting EOSs, we obtain the mass-radius relations of hybrid stars, investigate particle fractions and their radial distributions, and calculate the tidal Love number ($\mathcal{K}_{2}$) and the dimensionless tidal deformability ($\varLambda$). Our results provide quantitative predictions relevant for comparison with current multimessenger astrophysical observations.

nucl-th↗
arXiv2026

Tensor molecule $J/\psi J/\psi$: A candidate to the resonance $X(6200) $

The hadronic tensor molecule $\mathcal{M}=J/\psi J/\psi$ is investigated in the framework of QCD sum rule method. We evaluate its mass and current coupling using the two-point SR approach. Our result $m=(6290 \pm 50)~ \mathrm{MeV}$ for the mass of $\mathcal{M}$ indicates that it can decay to a pair of mesons $J/\psi J/\psi$. Apart from this dominant channel there are subdominant modes of the molecule $\mathcal{M}$ generated due to annihilation of constituent $\overline{c}c$ quarks to pairs of light quarks $ \overline{q}q$ and $\overline{s}s$. This mechanism launches processes $ \mathcal{M} \to D_{(s)}^{(\ast )+}D_{(s)}^{(\ast )-}$, $DD_{1}(2420)$, $ D_sD_{s1}(2460)$ and $D_{(s)}^{(\ast )0}\overline{D}_{(s)}^{(\ast )0}$. The decays of $\mathcal{M}$ are explored by applying technical tools of the three-point sum rule approach which is necessary to estimate strong couplings at $\mathcal{M}$-meson-meson vertices. Comparing the mass $m$ of the molecule $\mathcal{M}$ and its decay width $\Gamma[\mathcal{M}]=(149 \pm 21)~ \mathrm{MeV}$ with available experimental data, we discuss the molecule $\mathcal{M}$ as a possible candidate to the tensor resonance $X(6200)$.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2026

Numerical Study of MRW-Type Unintegrated Double Parton Distribution Functions from Non-Factorized DPDFs

Double parton scattering provides a sensitive probe of multiparton correlations inside hadrons. In this work we present a numerical study of unintegrated double parton distribution functions constructed from non-factorized collinear DPDFs. As input we use the \texttt{GS09} DPDFs and evolve them to unequal scales with a numerical double DGLAP evolution framework, which is validated through the corresponding momentum and valence-number sum rules. We investigate MRW-inspired prescriptions for generating transverse momentum dependence in the double parton case. In particular, we study the double LO-MRW approach (DLO-MRW) in the perturbative region, the double modified KMRW approach (DMKMRW), the double virtuality ordered MRW (DVO-MRW) model, and a normalization-matched version of the latter. The DMKMRW, DVO-MRW, and matched DVO-MRW prescriptions can be applied directly to the full collinear DPDF, including its nonhomogeneous component, and avoid the piecewise treatment required in the conventional LO-MRW construction. We analyze the normalization, transverse momentum dependence, flavor dependence, and sensitivity to longitudinal DPDF correlations of the resulting distributions. The DMKMRW model is normalization preserving by construction, while the DVO-MRW model shows nontrivial normalization deviations that are removed in the matched version. Non-factorized effects are strongly channel-dependent. In DMKMRW, they enter mainly through longitudinal DPDF correlations, whereas in the LO-MRW and virtuality-ordered models, they also modify the transverse momentum shape. The largest deviations occur near the double parton kinematic boundary and in channels affected by valence-number and quark-antiquark correlations.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2026

Constraints on the mass of the dark antibaryon using $B_d\rightarrow \Lambda \psi_{DS}$ channel in light cone QCD

According to the $B$-mesogenesis framework, the baryon asymmetry of the Universe and dark matter can be simultaneously generated through CP-violating $B$-meson oscillations. In this mechanism, $B$-mesons decay into a Standard Model baryon and a dark-sector antibaryon, denoted by $\psi_{DS}$. Within this scenario, we investigate the allowed mass window for $\psi_{DS}$ using Light Cone Sum Rules (LCSR) for $B_d\rightarrow\Lambda \, \psi_{DS}$ decay. To include nonperturbative effects, we employ contributions up to twist-6 of the $\Lambda$ distribution amplitudes in the operator product expansion (OPE). We derive the branching fraction as a function of dark antibaryon mass and, by comparing with the experimental limits by the BaBar and Belle collaborations, determine the mass ranges of $\psi_{DS}$ consistent with the $B$-mesogenesis mechanism.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2026

Phenomenology of Hypothetical Single-Top Hadronic States

We present a comprehensive theoretical study of the masses of possible baryonic and mesonic configurations containing a single top quark. Our analysis includes the baryons $\Lambda_t$, $\Xi_t$, $\Sigma_t$, $\Xi'_t$, $\Omega_t$, $\Omega_{tcc}$, and $\Omega_{tbb}$, together with the pseudoscalar and vector mesons $T_{t\bar n}^{\mathrm{Ps}}$, $T_{t\bar n}^{\mathrm{V}}$, $T_{t\bar s}^{\mathrm{Ps}}$, $T_{t\bar s}^{\mathrm{V}}$, $T_{t\bar c}^{\mathrm{Ps}}$, $T_{t\bar c}^{\mathrm{V}}$, $T_{t\bar b}^{\mathrm{Ps}}$, and $T_{t\bar b}^{\mathrm{V}}$. Motivated in part by recent experimental indications of a pseudoscalar enhancement near the $t\bar t$ threshold reported by the CMS and ATLAS collaborations, this study is carried out within the framework of two-point QCD sum rules to determine the corresponding ground-state masses by including perturbative contributions and nonperturbative condensates up to dimension eight. For several channels, including the $\Lambda_t$, $\Xi_t$, $\Sigma_t$, $T_{t\bar b}^{\mathrm{Ps}}$, and $T_{t\bar b}^{\mathrm{V}}$ states, the extracted central masses lie slightly below the corresponding sums of constituent quark masses, which may indicate nontrivial binding dynamics or near-threshold multiquark configurations within the uncertainties of the method. Moreover, when the full theoretical uncertainties are taken into account in a conservative manner, a larger subset of the investigated states exhibits a consistent tendency toward weak binding behavior, suggesting that the possibility of loosely bound configurations cannot be excluded for most of the considered baryonic and mesonic channels. These results provide useful first-principles theoretical benchmarks for possible top-containing hadronic systems, which may support future searches at the LHC, along with sensitivity analyses for next-generation facilities such as the FCC.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2026

Comprehensive analyses of rare $ \Lambda_b \rightarrow \Lambda \ell^+ \ell^-$, $\Sigma_b \rightarrow \Sigma \ell^+ \ell^-$ and $\Xi_b \rightarrow \Xi \ell^+ \ell^-$ decays in the 2HDM

We investigate rare special dileptonic decays of $ \Lambda_b$, $\Sigma_b$ and $\Xi_b $ baryons in the Standard Model and context of the general Two-Higgs-Doublet Model with Type III. Specifically, we consider the decays $ \Lambda_b \rightarrow \Lambda \ell^+ \ell^-$, $\Sigma_b \rightarrow \Sigma \ell^+ \ell^-$ and $\Xi_b \rightarrow \Xi \ell^+ \ell^-$, where $\ell$ represents $\mu$ or $\tau$ lepton. By studying these rare decays, we aim to assess the impact of the Two-Higgs-Doublet Model with Type III on various observables, such as the differential decay width, the total decay width, the differential branching ratio, total branching ratio, and lepton forward-backward asymmetries using the decay amplitude and the transition matrix elements in terms of form factors calculated via light cone QCD in full theory. We compare our results to those of the Standard Model, as well as existing lattice QCD predictions and experimental data, to assess the agreement and viability of the Two-Higgs-Doublet Model with Type III. Furthermore, we highlight the potential for experimental investigations of these decay channels in the near future. The soon-to-be updated LHCb and/or Belle II detectors, renowned for their capabilities in studying rare decays, present excellent opportunities for probing the predicted branching ratios.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2026

Resonance $X(6600)$

The resonance $X(6600)$ is explored as the all-charm tetraquark structure with spin-parities $J^{\mathrm{PC}}=2^{++}$. It is considered in the diquark-antidiquark picture and modeled as a tensor state $X$ composed of the axial-vector diquark $cC\gamma_{\mu}c$ and antidiquark $\overline{c}% \gamma_{\nu}C\overline{c}$ with $C$ being the charge conjugation matrix. The mass and decay width of $X$ are evaluated in the framework of QCD sum rule (SR) methods. The two-point SR approach is applied to find its spectroscopic parameters, while three-point SRs used to calculate partial widths of different decay channels of $X$. We study its leading decays $X \to J/\psi J/\psi$, $X \to \eta_{c}\eta_{c}$ and $\chi _{c1}(1P)\eta _{c}$ in which all four $c$-quarks constitute final-state mesons. We consider also the subleading channels $X\to D_{(s)}^{(\ast )+}D_{(s)}^{(\ast )-}$ and $% D_{(s)}^{(\ast )0}\overline{D}_{(s)}^{(\ast )0}$ generated by annihilation of $\overline{c}c$ quarks in the tetraquark. Comparison of the mass $m=(6609 \pm 50)~ \mathrm{MeV}$ and width $\Gamma[X]=(165 \pm 23)~ \mathrm{MeV}$ of the tensor diquark-antidiquark state $X$ with experimental data allows us to interpret it as an essential component of the resonance $X(6600)$. We also provide a lower limit for the mass of the first radial excitation of $X$.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2026

Analysis of Fully Heavy $P_{(3c2b)}$ and $P_{(3b2c)}$ Pentaquark Candidates

Recent progress in experimental facilities, together with larger data samples and more refined analysis strategies has enabled the observation of many exotic hadronic states, adding new members to the hadron spectrum. Each newly reported signal encourages further experimental searches and simultaneously motivates theoretical studies aimed at uncovering additional nonconventional states. Motivated by this perspective and by the increasing interest in systems containing multiple heavy quarks, we present a spectroscopic study of fully heavy pentaquark candidates with spin-parity quantum numbers $J^{P}=\frac{1}{2}^{-}$ and quark contents $QQQ'Q\bar{Q'}$, $QQQ'Q'\bar{Q}$, and $Q'Q'QQ\bar{Q}$, where $Q(Q')$ represents either $c(b)$ or $b(c)$ quarks. We employ the QCD sum rule approach with three different types of interpolating currents to obtain the corresponding masses and current coupling constants of the considered states. The following masses for the states containing three $c$ and two $b$ quarks are predicted: $m_{(3c2b)}=14479.30\pm75.06~\mathrm{MeV}$ using the current $J_1$, $\tilde{m}_{(3c2b)}=14276.80\pm76.29~\mathrm{MeV}$ using $J_2$, and $\bar{m}_{(3c2b)}=14276.80\pm76.29~\mathrm{MeV}$ using $J_3$. The corresponding predictions for the states containing three $b$ and two $c$ quarks are as $m_{(3b2c)}=17458.90\pm130.11~\mathrm{MeV}$ with $J_1$, $\tilde{m}_{(3b2c)}=17202.70\pm132.37~\mathrm{MeV}$ with $J_2$, and $\bar{m}_{(3b2c)}=17250.80\pm131.98~\mathrm{MeV}$ with $J_3$, respectively. In addition, we provide the corresponding current coupling constants, which can serve as useful inputs for analyses of decay properties and interaction mechanisms of these fully heavy pentaquark candidates.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2026

Global Analyses of Generalized Parton Distributions with Diverse PDF Inputs

This paper investigates the crucial role of parton distribution functions (PDFs) in high-energy physics, particularly their impact on the extraction of generalized parton distributions (GPDs) at zero skewness. To this aim, we perform six global analyses of GPDs using different modern PDF sets (\texttt{NNPDF40}, \texttt{CT18}, and \texttt{MSHT20}) at three specific factorization scales ($ \mu = 2 $, $ 1.3 $, and $ 1 $ GeV) and different perturbative orders. A wide range of elastic electron scattering data is included in the analysis to constrain GPDs in a broad interval in the momentum transfer squared $ t $. The analyses reveal that the best overall description of experimental data is achieved using \texttt{NNPDF40} PDFs at the next-to-leading order (NLO), with moderate sensitivity to the choice of PDF input, especially in the region of low $ t $. The dependence on the perturbative order is relatively mild, indicating stability in the extraction procedure. We also show that different GPD sets become more consistent at larger $ |t| $ values, with down-quark GPDs experiencing greater suppression than up-quark GPDs. We show that the differences among the GPD parametrizations propagate into measurable quantities such as proton radii, leading to non-negligible variations in the extracted central values and uncertainties. The six extracted GPD sets, available at different scales and perturbative orders, provide valuable resources for future theoretical and phenomenological studies, offering flexibility for researchers in exploring the proton's internal structure.

hep-ph↗