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K. Kang

Publications and source records attributed to K. Kang.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2019

MoS$_{2}$ pixel arrays for real-time photoluminescence imaging of redox molecules

Measuring the behavior of redox-active molecules in space and time is crucial for better understanding of chemical and biological systems and for the development of new technologies. Optical schemes are non-invasive, scalable and can be applied to many different systems, but usually have a slow response compared to electrical detection methods. Furthermore, many fluorescent molecules for redox detection degrade in brightness over long exposure times. Here we show that the photoluminescence of pixel arrays of an atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) material, a monolayer of MoS$_{2}$, can image spatial and temporal changes in redox molecule concentration in real time. Because of the strong dependence of MoS$_{2}$ photoluminescence on doping and sensitivity to surface changes characteristic of 2D materials, changes in the local chemical potential significantly modulate the photoluminescence of MoS$_{2}$, with a sensitivity of 0.9 mV/$\sqrt{Hz}$ on a 5 $\mu$m by 5 $\mu$m pixel, corresponding to better than parts-per-hundred changes in redox molecule concentration down to nanomolar concentrations at 100 ms frame rates. The real-time imaging of electrochemical potentials with a fast response time provides a new strategy for visualizing chemical reactions and biomolecules with a 2D material screen.

physics.app-ph↗
arXiv2018

Observation of Strong Terahertz Radiation from a Liquid Water Line

Terahertz radiation generation from liquid water has long been considered to be impossible due to strong absorption. A few very recent works reported terahertz generation from water, but the mechanism is not clear and the efficiency demands to be enhanced. We show experimentally that strong single-cycle terahertz radiation with field strength of $\rm 0.2~MV cm^{-1}$ is generated from a water line/column of $\sim 200 μm$ in diameter irradiated by a mJ femtosecond laser beam. This strength is 100-fold higher than that produced from air. We attribute the mechanism to the laser-ponderomotive-force-induced current with the symmetry broken around the water-column interface. This mechanism can explain our following observations: the radiation can be generated only when the laser propagation axis deviates from the column center; the deviation determines its field strength and polarity; it is always p-polarized no matter whether the laser is p- or s-polarized. This study provides a simple and efficient scheme of table-top terahertz sources based on liquid water.

physics.plasm-ph↗
arXiv2018

Tests of a dual-readout fiber calorimeter with SiPM light sensors

In this paper, we describe the first tests of a dual-readout fiber calorimeter in which silicon photomultipliers are used to sense the (scintillation and Cherenkov) light signals. The main challenge in this detector is implementing a design that minimizes the optical crosstalk between the two types of fibers, which are located very close to each other and carry light signals that differ in intensity by about a factor of 60. The experimental data, which were obtained with beams of high-energy electrons and muons as well as in lab tests, illustrate to what extent this challenge was met. The Cherenkov light yield, a limiting factor for the energy resolution of this type of calorimeter, was measured to be about twice that of the previously tested configurations based on photomultiplier tubes. The lateral profiles of electromagnetic showers were measured on a scale of millimeters from the shower axis and significant differences were found between the profiles measured with the scintillating and the Cherenkov fibers.

physics.ins-det↗
arXiv2017

The Large Enriched Germanium Experiment for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay (LEGEND)

The observation of neutrinoless double-beta decay (0$νββ$) would show that lepton number is violated, reveal that neutrinos are Majorana particles, and provide information on neutrino mass. A discovery-capable experiment covering the inverted ordering region, with effective Majorana neutrino masses of 15 - 50 meV, will require a tonne-scale experiment with excellent energy resolution and extremely low backgrounds, at the level of $\sim$0.1 count /(FWHM$\cdot$t$\cdot$yr) in the region of the signal. The current generation $^{76}$Ge experiments GERDA and the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR utilizing high purity Germanium detectors with an intrinsic energy resolution of 0.12%, have achieved the lowest backgrounds by over an order of magnitude in the 0$νββ$ signal region of all 0$νββ$ experiments. Building on this success, the LEGEND collaboration has been formed to pursue a tonne-scale $^{76}$Ge experiment. The collaboration aims to develop a phased 0$νββ$ experimental program with discovery potential at a half-life approaching or at $10^{28}$ years, using existing resources as appropriate to expedite physics results.

physics.ins-det↗
arXiv2011

Universality of the Kondo effect in quantum dots with ferromagnetic leads

We investigate quantum dots in clean single-wall carbon nanotubes with ferromagnetic PdNi-leads in the Kondo regime. In most odd Coulomb valleys the Kondo resonance exhibits a pronounced splitting, which depends on the tunnel coupling to the leads and an external magnetic field $B$, and only weakly on gate voltage. Using numerical renormalization group calculations, we demonstrate that all salient features of the data can be understood using a simple model for the magnetic properties of the leads. The magnetoconductance at zero bias and low temperature depends in a universal way on $g μ_B (B-B_c) / k_B T_K$, where $T_K$ is the Kondo temperature and $B_c$ the external field compensating the splitting.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗
arXiv2005

Schrodinger Flow Near Harmonic Maps

For the Schrödinger flow from $R^2 \times R^+$ to the 2-sphere $S^2$, it is not known if finite energy solutions can blow up in finite time. We study equivariant solutions whose energy is near the energy of the family of equivariant harmonic maps. We prove that such solutions remain close to the harmonic maps until the blow up time (if any), and that they blow up if and only if the length scale of the nearest harmonic map goes to zero.

math.AP↗
arXiv2005

Synthesis and characterization of Na03RhO206H2O - a semiconductor with a weak ferromagnetic component

We have prepared the oxyhydrate Na03RhO206H2O by extracting Na+ cations from NaRhO2 and intercalating water molecules using an aqueous solution of Na2S2O8. Synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and energy-dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX) reveal that a non-stoichiometric Na03(H2O)06 network separates layers of edge-sharing RhO6 octahedra containing Rh3+(4d6, S=0) and Rh4+ (4d5, S=1/2). The resistivities of NaRhO2 and Na03RhO206H2O (T < 300) reveal insulating and semi-conducting behavior with activation gaps of 134 meV and 7.8 meV, respectively. Both Na03RhO206H2O and NaRhO2 show paramagnetism at room temperature, however, the sodium-deficient sample exhibits simultaneously a weak but experimentally reproducible ferromagnetic component. Both samples exhibit a temperature-independent Pauli paramagnetism, for NaRhO2 at T > 50 K and for Na03RhO206H2O at T > 25 K. The relative magnitudes of the temperature-independent magnetic susceptibilities, that of the oxide sample being half that of the oxyhydrate, is consistent with a higher density of thermally accessible electron states at the Fermi level in the hydrated sample. At low temperatures the magnetic moments rise sharply, providing evidence of localized and weakl -ordered electronic spins.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗
arXiv2004

A global test of factorization for nucleon-nucleon, gamma p and gamma gamma scattering

The purpose of this note is to show that the cross section factorization relation $σ_{nn}(s)/σ_{γp}(s) = σ_{γp}(s)/ σ_{γγ}(s)$ is satisfied experimentally in the energy domain $8\le\sqrt s\le 2000$ GeV, where the $σ$'s are total cross sections and $nn$ denotes the even portion of the $pp$ and $\pbar p$ total cross section. A convenient phenomenological paramaterization for a global simultaneous fit to the $pp$, $\pbar p$, $γp$ and $γγ$ total cross section data together with the $ρ$-value data for $pp$ and $\pbar p$ is provided by using real analytic amplitudes. Within experimental errors, we show that factorization is satisfied when we unfold the published $γγ$ data which had averaged the cross sections obtained by using the two different PHOJET and PYTHIA Monte Carlo results. Our analysis clearly favors the PHOJET results and suggests that the additive quark model, together with vector meson dominance, allows one to compute $σ_{γp}(s)$ and $σ_{γγ}(s)$ from $σ_{nn}(s)$ with essentially no free parameters. The universal $ρ$-value predicted by our fit, {\em i.e.,} $ρ_{nn} = ρ_{γp} = ρ_{γγ}$, is compared to the $ρ$-value obtained by a QCD-inspired analysis of $\pbar p$ and $pp$ data, including the p-air cross sections from cosmic rays. The $ρ$-values obtained from the two techniques are essentially indistinguishable in the energy region $8\le\sqrt s\le 2000$ GeV, giving us increased confidence in our parameterization of the cross sections needed for the factorization relation.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2002

Overview of the COMPETE Program

Nowadays, scientific databases have become the bread-and-butter of particle physicists. These databases must be maintained and checked repeatedly to insure the accuracy of their content. The COMPETE collaboration aims at motivating data maintenance via the interfacing of theory and experiment at the database level. The database concept then needs to be supplemented by a "model-base". Such an object enables one not only to decide what the best description may be, but also to discern what potential problems exist in the data. The systematization of such a cross-fertilization between models and data results in the "object of knowledge" that is the point at which all existing information resources on a given problem could converge. There are many advantages to such a global approach. First of all, the maintenance of a data set is not a static task: it needs to be motivated by physics. The second advantage is that one can have a common testing ground for theories and models. Thirdly, an extensive theoretical database can be used to plan new experiments and to predict various quantities. Finally, as new data come in, one can very quickly decide on their theoretical impact, and hence immediately evaluate the need for new physics ideas. As we want to treat a large amount of data and many models, computer technology constitutes an important part of our activity. We have concentrated on the elaboration of artificial intelligence decision-making algorithms, as well as on the delivery of computer tools for the end-user. Further linkage with existing databases, such as PDG, COMPAS, and HEPDATA is being developed or planned.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2002

Forward observables at RHIC, the Tevatron run II and the LHC

We present predictions on the total cross sections and on the ratio of the real part to the imaginary part of the elastic amplitude (rho parameter) for present and future pp and pbar p colliders, and on total cross sections for gamma p -> hadrons at cosmic-ray energies and for gamma gamma -> hadrons up to sqrt(s)=1 TeV. These predictions are based on a study of many possible analytic parametrisations and invoke the current hadronic dataset at t=0. The uncertainties on total cross sections, including the systematic theoretical errors, reach 1% at RHIC, 3% at the Tevatron, and 10% at the LHC, whereas those on the rho parameter are respectively 10%, 17%, and 26%.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2002

Analytic Amplitudes for Hadronic Forward Scattering : COMPETE Update

We consider several classes of analytic parametrizations of hadronic scattering amplitudes, and compare their predictions to all available forward data in hadron-hadron, gamma-p and gamma-gamma reactions. Although these parametrizations are very close for SQRTs larger than 9 GeV, it turns out that they differ markedly at low energy, where a universal Pomeron term like ln**2 s enables one to extend the fit down to SQRTs equal to 4 GeV. We present predictions on the total cross sections and on the ratio of the real part to the imaginary part of the elastic amplitude (RHO parameter) for present and future pp and antipp colliders, and on total cross sections for gamma-p into hadrons at cosmic-ray energies and for gamma-gamma into hadrons up to SQRTs equal to 1 TeV.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2002

Benchmarks for the Forward Observables at RHIC, the Tevatron-run II and the LHC

We present predictions on the total cross sections and on the ratio of the real part to the imaginary part of the elastic amplitude (rho parameter) for present and future pp and pbar p colliders, and on total cross sections for gamma p -> hadrons at cosmic-ray energies and for gamma gamma-> hadrons up to sqrt{s}=1 TeV. These predictions are based on an extensive study of possible analytic parametrisations invoking the biggest hadronic dataset available at t=0. The uncertainties on total cross sections, including the systematic errors due to contradictory data points from FNAL, can reach 1.9% at RHIC, 3.1% at the Tevatron, and 4.8% at the LHC, whereas those on the rho parameter are respectively 5.4%, 5.2%, and 5.4%.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2002

Total Cross Sections of e+ e- --> hadrons and pQCD Tests

In the light of recent muon (g-2) result by the E821 experiment at BNL, the importance of and interest in the total hadronic cross sections in e+ e- collisions and R(e+ e- --> hadrons) have been heightened. We report on the integrated data compilation of available data of e+ e- --> hadrons, transformed to a unique and meaningful style that implements the pure QED radiative corrections, from the PPDS and HEPDATA databases by the COMPETE Group. In particular, the continuum data sets are extracted where the direct comparison of the parton models and different variants of the pQCD corrections can be made and which will be useful for the future refinements of alpha_s(Q^2) and alpha_QED(Q^2).

hep-ph↗
arXiv2001

Hadronic scattering amplitudes: medium-energy constraints on asymptotic behaviour

We consider several classes of analytic parametrisations of hadronic scattering amplitudes, and compare their predictions to all available forward data (p p, pbar p, pi p, K p, gamma p, gamma gamma, Sigma p). Although these parametrisations are very close for sqrt(s) > 9 GeV, it turns out that they differ markedly at low energy, where a universal pomeron term ~log^2(s) enables one to extend the fit down to sqrt(s)=4 GeV.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2001

Analytic Amplitude Models for Forward Scattering

We report on fits of a large class of analytic amplitude models for forward scattering against the comprehensive data for all available reactions. To differentiate the goodness of the fits of many possible parametrizations to a large sample of data, we developed and used a set of quantitative indicators measuring statistical quality of the fits over and beyond the typical criterion of the $\Chi^2 /dof$. These indicators favor models with a universal $ log^2 s$ Pomeron term, which enables one to extend the fit down to $\sqrt s = 4$ GeV.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2001

Analytic parametrizations of the non-perturbative Pomeron and QCD-inspired models

We consider several classes of analytic parametrizations of hadronic scattering amplitudes, and compare their predictions to all available forward data (proton- proton, antiproton-proton, pion-proton, kaon-proton, photon-proton, photon- photon, sigma-proton). Although these parametrizations are very close for energy larger than 9 GeV, it turns out that they differ markedly at low energy, where a universal Pomeron term ~(ln s)**2 enables one to extend the fit down to 4 GeV.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2001

A compilation of total cross section data on e^+ e^- --> hadrons and pQCD tests

All available data on the total cross sections and R-ratio of e^+ e^- --> hadrons are compiled from the PPDS(DataGuide), PPDS(ReacData) and HEPDATA(Reaction) databases and transformed to a compilation of data on the e^+ e^- --> quark antiquark --> hadrons in the continuum region which can be used in tests of the parton model and pQCD calculations. This evaluated data compilation is made available in PPDS system and is accessible through the Web. It is shown that current predictions from the parton model and pQCD are well supported by this world "continuum" data compilation which can then be used in future refinements of the alpha_s(Q^2) as well as alpha_{QED}(Q^2) evolution forms.

hep-ph↗