arXiv subjects

K. Kishio

Publications and source records attributed to K. Kishio.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2014

Permanent magnet with MgB2 bulk superconductor

Superconductors with persistent zero-resistance currents serve as permanent magnets for high-field applications requiring a strong and stable magnetic field, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The recent global helium shortage has quickened research into high-temperature superconductors (HTSs) materials that can be used without conventional liquid-helium cooling to 4.2 K. Herein, we demonstrate that 40-K-class metallic HTS magnesium diboride (MgB2) makes an excellent permanent bulk magnet, maintaining 3 T at 20 K for 1 week with an extremely high stability (<0.1 ppm/h). The magnetic field trapped in this magnet is uniformly distributed, as for single-crystalline neodymium-iron-boron. Magnetic hysteresis loop of the MgB2 permanent bulk magnet was detrmined. Because MgB2 is a simple-binary-line compound that does not contain rare-earth metals, polycrystalline bulk material can be industrially fabricated at low cost and with high yield to serve as strong magnets that are compatible with conventional compact cryocoolers, making MgB2 bulks promising for the next generation of Tesla-class permanent-magnet applications.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2013

Transition Temperature and Upper Critical Field in SmFeAsO1-xFx Synthesized at Low Heating Temperatures

Low-temperature synthesis is a promising and potentially effective method for improving superconducting properties. We report on the fabrication of polycrystalline samples of SmFeAsO1-xFx with nominal x content varying in a wide range of x = 0-0.35 synthesized at 900 deg C. This synthesis temperature is around 300 deg C lower than the conventional synthesis temperature. The variation in the lattice parameters and transition temperature (Tc) of various F-doped samples indicates that reduction of the unit cell volume (V) seems to be the main reason for the rise of Tc up to 57.8 K. Magnetoresistance measurements showed that the upper critical field slope (dHc2/dT) increased with increasing F concentration up to x = 0.2, where it reached a maximum value of -8 T/K corresponding to a coherence length of 10 angstrom. At still higher F doping levels, dHc2/dT and the low field Jc decreased; above 0.5 T, however, Jc had almost the same value. Compared with previous reports, the present synthesis route with low synthesis temperatures and commonly available FeF2 as the source of F is more effective at introducing F into the SmFeAsO system and thereby resulting in improved superconducting properties for the system. In addition, this new sample preparation method also reduces unnecessary problems such as the evaporation of F and reaction between the crucible and superconductor during the solid-state reaction.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2012

NMR Investigation of the iron-based superconductors Ca4(Mg,Ti)3Fe2As2O8-y and Ca5(Sc,Ti)4Fe2As2O11-y

$^{75}$As and $^{45}$Sc NMR measurements unravel the electronic state for Fe-based superconductors with perovskite-type blocking layers Ca$_4$(Mg,Ti)$_3$Fe$_2$As$_2$O$_{8-y}$ ($T_c^{onset}=47$ K) and Ca$_5$(Sc,Ti)$_4$Fe$_2$As$_2$O$_{11-y}$ ($T_c^{onset}=41$ K). In Ca$_5$(Sc,Ti)$_4$Fe$_2$As$_2$O$_{11-y}$, the nuclear spin relaxation rate $1/T_1$ shows pseudogap behavior below $\sim80$ K, suggesting that the electronic state is similar to that of LaFeAs(O,F) system with moderate electron doping. The presence of the pseudogap behavior gives an interpretation that the hole-like band (so-called $γ$ pocket) is located just below the Fermi level from the analogy to LaFeAs(O,F) system and the disappearance of the $γ$ pocket yields the suppression of the low-energy spin fluctuations. On the other hand, in Ca$_4$(Mg,Ti)$_3$Fe$_2$As$_2$O$_{8-y}$ satisfying the structural optimal condition for higher $T_c$ among the perovskite systems, the extrinsic contribution, which presumably originates in the Ti moment, is observed in $1/T_1T$; however, the moderate temperature dependence of $1/T_1T$ appears by its suppression under high magnetic field. In both systems, the high $T_c$ of $\sim40$ K is realized in the absence of the strong development of the low-energy spin fluctuations. The present results reveal that the structural optimization does not induce the strong development of the low-energy spin fluctuations. If we consider that superconductivity is mediated by spin fluctuations, the structural optimization is conjectured to provide a benefit to the development of the high-energy spin fluctuations irrespective to the low-energy part.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2012

MgB2 bulk superconducting magnet

We have developed disk-shaped MgB2 bulk superconducting magnets (20, 30 mm in diameter, 10 mm in thickness) using the in-situ process from Mg and B powders and evaluated the temperature dependence of trapped magnetic field. A pair of two disc-shaped bulks of 30 mm in diameter and 10 mm in thickness magnetized by field-cooling condition showed trapped fields of 1.2, 2.8 and 3.1 T at 30, 20 and 17.5 K, respectively. High trapped field over 3 T was recorded for the first time.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2012

Towards the Realization of Higher Connectivity in MgB2 Conductors: In-situ or Sintered Ex-situ?

The two most common types of MgB2 conductor fabrication technique - in-situ and ex-situ - show increasing conflicts concerning the connectivity, an effective current-carrying cross-sectional area. An in-situ reaction yields a strong intergrain coupling with a low packing factor, while an ex-situ process using pre-reacted MgB2 yields tightly packed grains, however, their coupling is much weaker. We studied the normal-state resistivity and microstructure of ex-situ MgB2 bulks synthesized with varied heating conditions under ambient pressure. The samples heated at moderately high temperatures of ~900°C for a long period showed an increased packing factor, a larger intergrain contact area and a significantly decreased resistivity, all of which indicate the solid-state self-sintering of MgB2. Consequently the connectivity of the sintered ex-situ samples exceeded the typical connectivity range 5-15% of the in-situ samples. Our results show self-sintering develops the superior connectivity potential of ex-situ MgB2, though its intergrain coupling is not yet fulfilled, to provide a strong possibility of twice or even much higher connectivity in optimally sintered ex-situ MgB2 than in in-situ MgB2.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2011

Successive transition from superconducting to antiferromagnetic phase in (Ca_6(Al, Ti)_4O_y)Fe_2As_2 studied via ^{75}As and ^{27}Al NMR

An unusual successive phase transition from superconducting (SC) to antiferromagnetic (AF) phases was discovered via ^{75}As and ^{27}Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in (Fe_2As_2)(Ca_6(Al, Ti)_4O_y) with four (Al, Ti)O layers intercalated between FeAs planes. Although the spatially-uniform AF ordering is clearly visible from ^{27}Al spectra, the ordered moments are very small and the low-frequency fluctuation is much suppressed, contrary to existing pnictides with localized magnetic elements. Furthermore, the temperature (T) dependence of the fluctuation at both nuclei is very similar throughout the entire temperature range. These facts suggest that some hybridization between Ti and Fe orbitals induces a uniform electronic state within FeAs and (Al, Ti)O layers accompanied by the SC and AF transitions. The iron-based pnictide with Ti-doped blocking layers is the first high-T_c compound having metallic blocking layers.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2010

Structural Features of Layered Iron Pnictide Oxides (Fe2As2)(Sr4M2O6)

Structural features of newly found perovskite-based iron pnictide oxide system have been systematically studied. Compared to REFePnO system, perovskite-based system tend to have lower Pn-Fe-Pn angle and higher pnictogen height owing to low electronegativity of alkaline earth metal and small repulsive force between pnictogen and oxygen atoms. As-Fe-As angles of (Fe2As2)(Sr4Cr2O6), (Fe2As2)(Sr4V2O6) and (Fe2Pn2)(Sr4MgTiO6) are close to ideal tetrahedron and those pnictogen heights of about 1.40 A are close to NdFeAsO with optimized carrier concentration. These structural features of this system may leads to realization of high Tc superconductivity.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2009

Switching current distributions and subgap structures of underdoped (Hg,Re)Ba2Ca2Cu3O8+d intrinsic Josephson junctions

We have investigated the intrinsic Josephson properties in slightly underdoped (Hg,Re)Ba2Ca2Cu3Oy [Hg(Re)1223] intrinsic Josephson junctions (IJJs) with a dimension of 1.0x1.5x0.11 um^3. The current-voltage characteristics of the IJJs exhibit clear multiple branches with subgap structures similar to those of other cuprate superconductors. The switching current distributions P(I) from the zero-voltage to the nonzero-voltage state in the current-biased IJJs agree well with the theoretical curves of the thermally assisted escape model at temperatures above ~5 K. The plasma frequency fp of the IJJs is estimated to be 1.3 THz from the fluctuation-free critical current density of 2.0x10^5 A/cm2, which is one of the highest among cuprate superconductors, reflecting the high Tc and a relatively low anisotropy of the Re doped Hg system. The P(I) gradually becomes independent of temperature below ~5 K, which suggests a crossover of the escape process from thermal activation to quantum tunneling at such a high temperature.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2009

Contrasting Pressure Effects in Sr2VFeAsO3 and Sr2ScFePO3

We report the resistivity measurements under pressure of two Fe-based superconductors with a thick perovskite oxide layer, Sr2VFeAsO3 and Sr2ScFePO3. The superconducting transition temperature Tc of Sr2VFeAsO3 markedly increases with increasing pressure. Its onset value, which was Tc{onset}=36.4 K at ambient pressure, increases to Tc{onset}=46.0 K at ~4 GPa, ensuring the potential of the "21113" system as a high-Tc material. However, the superconductivity of Sr2ScFePO3 is strongly suppressed under pressure. The Tc{onset} of ~16 K decreases to ~5 K at ~4 GPa, and the zero-resistance state is almost lost. We discuss the factor that induces this contrasting pressure effect.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2009

Superconductivity at 17 K in (Fe2P2)(Sr4Sc2O6): a new superconducting layered pnictide oxide with a thick perovskite oxide layer

A new layered oxypnictide (Fe2P2)(Sr4Sc2O6) have been synthesized by solid-state reaction. This material has an alternating layer stacking structure of anti-fluorite Fe2P2 and perovskite-based Sr4Sc2O6 oxide layers. Space group of the material is P4/nmm and lattice constants a and c are 4.016 A and 15.543 A, respectively. The interlayer Fe-Fe distance corresponding to the c-axis length is the longest ever reported in the iron-based oxypnictide systems. In both magnetization and resistivity measurements, the present compound exhibited superconductivity below 17 K, which is much higher than that of LaFePO and the highest in arsenic-free iron-based oxypnictide systems under ambient pressure.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2005

Universal relationship between crystallinity and irreversibility field of MgB2

The relationship between irreversibility field, Hirr, and crystallinity of MgB2 bulks including carbon substituted samples was studied. The Hirr was found to increase with an increase of FWHM of MgB2 (110) peak, which corresponds to distortion of honeycomb boron sheet, and their universal correlation was discovered even including carbon substituted samples. Excellent Jc characteristics under high magnetic fields were observed in samples with large FWHM of (110) due to the enhanced intraband scattering and strengthened grain boundary flux pinning. The relationship between crystallinity and Hirr can explain the large variation of Hirr for MgB2 bulks, tapes, single crystals and thin films.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2004

Superconducting order parameter in heavily overdoped $Bi_2 Sr_2 Ca Cu_2 O_{8+δ}$: a global quantitative analysis

A systematic analysis of the complex lineshape at $(π,0)$ of heavily overdoped Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+δ}$ is presented. We show that a coherent component in the quasi-particle excitation is correlated with the superfluid density throughout the entire doping range and suggest it is a direct measure of the order parameter of high temperature superconductors.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2001

Disorder and thermally driven vortex-lattice melting in La{2-x}Sr{x}CuO{4} crystals

Magnetization measurements in La{2-x}Sr{x}CuO{4} crystals indicate vortex order-disorder transition manifested by a sharp kink in the second magnetization peak. The transition field exhibits unique temperature dependence, namely a strong decrease with temperature in the entire measured range. This behavior rules out the conventional interpretation of a disorder-driven transition into an entangled vortex solid phase. It is shown that the transition in La{2-x}Sr{x}CuO{4} is driven by both thermally- and disorder-induced fluctuations, resulting in a pinned liquid state. We conclude that vortex solid-liquid, solid-solid and solid to pinned-liquid transitions are different manifestations of the same thermodynamic order-disorder transition, distinguished by the relative contributions of thermal and disorder-induced fluctuations.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2001

Electronic structure of the trilayer cuprate superconductor Bi$_2$Sr$_2$Ca$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{10+δ}$

The low-energy electronic structure of the trilayer cuprate superconductor Bi$_2$Sr$_2$Ca$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{10+δ}$ near optimal doping is investigated by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. The normal state quasiparticle dispersion and Fermi surface, and the superconducting d-wave gap and coherence peak are observed and compared with those of single and bilayer systems. We find that both the superconducting gap magnitude and the relative coherence-peak intensity scale linearly with $T_c$ for various optimally doped materials. This suggests that the higher $T_c$ of the trilayer system should be attributed to parameters that simultaneously enhance phase stiffness and pairing strength.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2001

Evidence for ubiquitous strong electron-phonon coupling in high-temperature superconductors

Coupling between electrons and phonons (lattice vibrations) drives the formation of the electron pairs responsible for conventional superconductivity. The lack of direct evidence for electron-phonon coupling in the electron dynamics of the high transition temperature superconductors has driven an intensive search for an alternative mechanism. A coupling of an electron with a phonon would result in an abrupt change of its velocity and scattering rate near the phonon energy. Here we use angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy to probe electron dynamics -velocity and scattering rate- for three different families of copper oxide superconductors. We see in all of these materials an abrupt change of electron velocity at 50-80meV, which we cannot explain by any known process other than to invoke coupling with the phonons associated with the movement of the oxygen atoms. This suggests that electron-phonon coupling strongly influences the electron dynamics in the high-temperature superconductors, and must therefore be included in any microscopic theory of superconductivity.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2001

Nature of the Electronic Excitations near the Brillouin Zone Boundary of Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+δ}$

Based on angle resolved photoemission spectra measured on different systems at different dopings, momenta and photon energies, we show that the anomalously large spectral linewidth in the $(π,0)$ region of optimal doped and underdoped Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+δ}$ has significant contributions from the bilayer splitting, and that the scattering rate in this region is considerably smaller than previously estimated. This new picture of the electronic excitation near $(π,0)$ puts additional experimental constraints on various microscopic theories and data analysis.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2001

ARPES study of Pb doped Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_8 - a new Fermi surface picture

High resolution angle resolved photoemission data from Pb doped Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_8 (Bi2212) with suppressed superstructure is presented. Improved resolution and very high momentum space sampling at various photon energies reveal the presence of two Fermi surface pieces. One has the hole-like topology, while the other one has its van Hove singularity very close to (pi,0), its topology at some photon energies resembles the electron-like piece. This result provides a unifying picture of the Fermi surface in the Bi2212 compound and reconciles the conflicting reports.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2001

Bilayer Splitting in the Electronic Structure of Heavily Overdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+d

The electronic structure of heavily overdoped Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+δ}$ is investigated by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. The long-sought bilayer band splitting in this two-plane system is observed in both normal and superconducting states, which qualitatively agrees with the bilayer Hubbard model calculations. The maximum bilayer energy splitting is about 88 meV for the normal state feature, while it is only about 20 meV for the superconducting peak. This anomalous behavior cannot be reconciled with the quasiparticle picture.

cond-mat.supr-con↗