arXiv subjects

K. Ohta

Publications and source records attributed to K. Ohta.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

arXiv2003

Lyman Break Galaxies at z~5: Luminosity Function

(abridged) We present results of a search for Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) at z ~ 5 in a 618 square-arcmin field including the HDF-N taken by Subaru Prime Focus Camera. Utilizing the published redshift data of the HDF-N and its flanking fields, the color selection criteria are chosen so that LBGs are picked out most efficiently and least contaminated by foreground objects. The numbers of LBG candidates detected are 310 in 23.0 < I_c < 25.5. The rest-frame UV luminosity function(LF) of LBGs at z ~ 5 is derived statistically. The fraction of contamination is estimated to be ~50% in the faintest magnitude range. The completeness of the survey is ~80% at the bright part of the sample, and ~20% in the faintest magnitude range (25.0 < I_c <= 25.5). The LF of LBG candidates at z ~ 5 does not show a significant difference from those at z ~ 3 and 4, though there might be a slight decrease in the fainter part. The UV luminosity density within the observational limit is 0.56 - 0.69 times smaller than that obtained for LBGs at z ~ 3, depending on the adopted cosmology and the integration range of the LF. The similarity of the LFs at redshifts 5 to 3 implies that most of LBGs at z ~ 5 should have faded out at z ~ 3 and LBGs at z \~ 5 are different galaxies from those seen at z ~ 3, if we take face values for ages of the LBGs at z ~ 3 obtained by the SED fitting in which a continuous star formation in an individual galaxy is assumed. However, if the star formation in LBGs is sporadic, the similarity of the LF at z ~ 3 and 5 would be explained. Such sporadic star formation has been suggested by hydrodynamical simulations and semi-analytic models with collisional starbursts, and the trend of the cosmic star formation history predicted by these studies resembles to that estimated from the UV luminosity density within the observational limit.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2001

High resolution imaging of molecular line emission from high redshift QSOs

We present moderate (1'') and high resolution (0.2'') observations of the CO(2-1) emission at 43 GHz, and radio continuum emission at 1.47 GHz, from the z=4.7 QSO BRI 1202-0725 and the z=4.4 QSO BRI 1335--0417 using the Very Large Array. The moderate resolution observations show that in both cases the CO emission is spatially resolved into two components separated by 1'' for 1335-0417 and 4'' for 1202-0725. The high resolution observations show that each component has sub-structure on scales of 0.2'' to 0.5'', with intrinsic brightness temperatures > 20K. The CO ladder from (2-1) up to (7-6) suggests a high kinetic temperature for the gas (70 K), and a high column density (10^{24} cm^{-2}). In both sources the continuum-to-line ratio: L_{FIR}/L'_{CO(1-0)} = 335. All these characteristics (brightness temperature, excitation temperature, column density, and continuum-to-line ratio) are comparable to conditions found in low redshift, ultra-luminous nuclear starburst galaxies. We find that the CO emitting regions in 1202-0725 and 1335-0417 must be close to face-on in order to avoid having the gas mass exceed the gravitational mass, implying perhaps unreasonably large rotational velocities. While this problem is mitigated by lowering the CO luminosity-to-H_2 mass conversion factor (X), the required X values become comparable to, or lower than, the minimum values dictated by optically thin CO emission. We considered the possibility of magnification by gravitational lensing in order to reduce the molecular gas masses.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2001

CO(J=6-5) Observations of the Quasar SDSS1044-0125 at z = 5.8

We present a result of the quasar CO(J=6-5) observations of SDSSp J104433.04-012502.2 at z = 5.8. Ten-days observations with the Nobeyama Millimeter Array yielded an rms noise level of ~ 2.1 mJy/beam in a frequency range from 101.28 GHz to 101.99 GHz at a velocity resolution of 120 km/s. No significant clear emission line was detected in the observed field and frequency range. Three sigma upper limit on the CO(J=6-5) luminosity of the object is 2.8 x 10^10 K km/s pc^2, corresponding to a molecular gas mass of 1.2 x 10^11 Solar Mass, if a conversion factor of 4.5 Solar Mass /(K km/s pc^2) is adopted. The obtained upper limit on CO luminosity is slightly smaller than those observed in quasars at z=4-5 toward which CO emissions are detected.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2001

Slope of the topological susceptibility at zero temperature and finite temperature in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model

We estimate the slope of the topological susceptibility in the three flavour Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with the 't Hooft interaction. The results are consistent with the evaluation from the QCD sum rule in favour of the full topological susceptibility. We apply it to the Shore-Veneziano formula to find that it shows satisfactory agreement with the anomalous suppression of the flavour-singlet axial charge. The behaviour at finite temperature is also discussed.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2001

Topological susceptibility at zero and finite temperature in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model

We consider the three flavor Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with the 't Hooft interaction incorporating the U(1)_A anomaly. In order to set the coupling strength of the 't Hooft term, we employ the topological susceptibility $χ$ instead of the eta' meson mass. The value for $χ$ is taken from lattice simulations. We also calculate $χ$ at finite temperature within the model. Comparing it with the lattice data, we extract information about the behavior of the U(1)_A anomaly at finite temperature. We conclude that within the present framework, the effective restoration of the U(1)_A symmetry does not necessarily take place even at high temperature where the chiral symmetry is restored.

nucl-th↗

arXiv2000

Deep-Imaging Observations of a Candidate of an Absorbed QSO at z=0.653, AX J131831+3341

The results of deep-imaging observations of a candidate of an absorbed QSO at z=0.653, AX J131831+3341, are presented. AX J131831+3341 was found during the course of optical follow-up observations of the ASCA Large Sky Survey, and has an X-ray luminosity of 10^{45} erg s^{-1} (2-10keV), which corresponds to those of QSOs. Its optical spectrum shows no significant broad H_beta emission line, suggesting that the object is an absorbed QSO. Deep R and V band images reveal the presence of a point-like nucleus and an asymmetric extended component. The nuclear component has a blue color, and the optical magnitude is much fainter than that expected from the observed X-ray flux for typical type-1 AGNs. These photometric properties and the presence of broad MgII 2800A emission can be explained simultaneously if the observed nuclear light is dominated by scattered nuclear light, though there is a possibility that the nuclear component is a slightly absorbed nucleus if its intrinsic X-ray to optical flux ratio is the largest among X-ray selected AGNs. The size of the extended component, which is thought to be the host galaxy of the QSO, is larger than those of normal disk galaxies at z=0-0.75, and the absolute magnitude is similar to those of the brightest host galaxies of QSOs at redshifts smaller than 0.5. The V-R and R-I colors of the component are consistent with a 1 Gyr-old stellar population model without absorption.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2000

[OII]3727 Emission from the Companion to the Quasar BR 1202-0725 at z=4.7

Results of a narrow-band imaging for the redshifted [OII]3727 emission around a quasar at z=4.7 obtained with the Subaru telescope and CISCO (a Cassegrain near infrared camera) are presented. A significant emission line is detected in the narrow-band H_2 (v=1-0 S(1)) filter at a location 2.4" northwest from the quasar, where the presence of a companion has been reported in Lyman alpha emission and the rest-frame UV continuum. We identify this line as [OII]3727 emission and confirm that the source really is a companion at z=4.7. The [OII]3727 flux from the companion is estimated to be 2.5 x 10^{-17} erg s^{-1} cm^{-2}. If the companion is a star forming object, the inferred star formation rate is as high as 45-230 M_{solar} yr^{-1} even without assuming the extinction correction. This value is higher than those derived from the Lyman alpha emission or from the UV continuum. Thus, provided that the difference is caused by dust extinction, the extinction corrected star formation rate is calculated to be 45 to 2300 M_{solar} yr^{-1} depending on the assuming extinction curves.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2000

Actual computational time-cost of the Quantum Fourier Transform in a quantum computer using nuclear spins

We found that the actual computational time-cost of the QFT is O(n 2^n) for large n in a quantum computer using nuclear spins. The computational cost of a quantum algorithm has usually been estimated as the sum of the universal gates required in such ideal mathematical models as the Quantum Turing Machine(QTM) and the quantum circuit. This cost is proportional to an actual time-cost in the physical implementation where all quantum operations can be achieved in the same time. However, if the implementation takes a different time for each quantum gate, there is a possibility that the actual time-cost will have a different behavior from the ideal cost. So we estimated the actual time-cost of the QFT in these implementations by considering the gating time. The actual time-cost is drastically different from O(n^2) estimated by complexity analysis.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2000

Optical Identification of the ASCA Large Sky Survey

We present results of optical identification of the X-ray sources detected in the ASCA Large Sky Survey. Optical spectroscopic observations were done for 34 X-ray sources which were detected with the SIS in the 2-7 keV band above 3.5 sigma. The sources are identified with 30 AGNs, 2 clusters of galaxies, and 1 galactic star. Only 1 source is still unidentified. The flux limit of the sample corresponds to 1 x 10^{-13} erg s^{-1} cm^{-2} in the 2-10 keV band. Based on the sample, the paper discusses optical and X-ray spectral properties of the AGNs, contribution of the sources to the Cosmic X-ray Background, and redshift and luminosity distributions of the AGNs. An interesting result is that the redshift distribution of the AGNs suggests a deficiency of high-redshift (0.5 < z < 2) and luminous (Lx(2-10 keV) > 10^{44} erg s^{-1}) absorbed narrow-line AGNs (so called type 2 QSOs).

astro-ph↗

arXiv1999

Sensitive Radio Observations of High Redshift Dusty QSOs

We present sensitive radio continuum imaging at 1.4 GHz and 4.9 GHz of seven high redshift QSOs selected for having a 240 GHz continuum detection, which is thought to be thermal dust emission. We detect radio continuum emission from four of the sources: BRI 0952-0115, BR 1202-0725, LBQS 1230+1627B, and BRI 1335-0417. The radio source in BR 1202-0725 is resolved into two components, coincident with the double mm and CO sources. We compare the results at 1.4 GHz and 240 GHz to empirical and semi-analytic spectral models based on star forming galaxies at low redshift. The radio-to-submm spectral energy distribution for BR 1202-0725, LBQS 1230+1627B, and BRI 1335-0417 are consistent with that expected for a massive starburst galaxy, with implied massive star formation rates of order 1000 solar masses per year (without correcting for possible amplification by gravitational lensing). The radio-to-submm spectral energy distribution for BRI 0952-0115 suggests a low-luminosity radio jet source driven by the AGN.

astro-ph↗

arXiv1999

Log N - Log S Relations and Spectral Properties of Sources from the ASCA Large Sky Survey --- their Implications for the Origin of the Cosmic X-ray Background (CXB)

We carried out the first wide-area unbiased survey with the ASCA satellite in the 0.7-10 keV band around a north Galactic-pole region covering a continuous area of 7 square degrees (Large Sky Survey; LSS). To make the best use of ASCA capability, we developed a new source-detection method where the complicated detector responses are fully taken into account. Applying this method to the entire LSS data independently in the total (0.7-7 keV), hard (2-10 keV), and soft (0.7-2 keV) band, we detected 107 sources altogether with sensitivity limits of 6 x 10E-14 (0.7-7 keV), 1 x 10E-13 (2-10 keV), and 2 x 10E-14 erg sE-1 cmE-2 (0.7-2 keV), respectively. A complete list of the detected sources is presented. Based on detailed studies by Monte Carlo simulations, we evaluated effects of the source confusion and accurately derived Log N - Log S relation in each survey band. The Log N - Log S relation in the hard band is located on the extrapolation from the GINGA and HEAO1 results with the Euclidean slope of -3/2, while that in the soft band is consistent with the results by ROSAT. At these flux limits, 30 (+/- 3) percent of the CXB in the 0.7-7 keV band and 23 (+/- 3) percent in the 2-10 keV band have been resolved into discrete sources. The average spectrum of faint sources detected in the total band shows a photon index of 1.63 +/- 0.07 in the 0.7-10 keV range, consistent with the comparison of source counts between the hard and the soft energy band. Those detected in the hard band show a photon index of 1.49 +/- 0.10 in the 2-10 keV range. These spectral properties suggest that contribution of sources with hard energy spectra become significant at a flux of 10E-13 erg sE-1 cmE-2 (2-10 keV). The most plausible candidates are type-II AGNs, as indicated by on-going optical identifications.

astro-ph↗

arXiv1998

Optical Number Count Estimation of IRIS Far-Infrared Survey of Galaxies

Infrared Imaging Surveyor (IRIS) is a satellite which will be launched at the beginning of 2003. One of the main purposes of the IRIS mission is an all-sky survey in the far-infrared region with a flux limit much deeper than that of IRAS. Detection of a large number of galaxies ($\sim several \times 10^6$ in the whole sky) is expected in this survey. We investigated the expected optical and near-infrared (NIR) number counts of galaxies detected by the far-infrared scanner (FIS) of IRIS (hereafter, IRIS galaxies) and possibility of optical and NIR follow-up of them. The spectral energy distribution and the luminosity function of the IRIS galaxies are modeled based on the properties of galaxies observed by IRAS. The IRIS galaxies are divided into two populations according to their infrared luminosities ($L_{IR}$); normal spirals ($L_{IR}<10^{10}\LO$) and starbursts ($L_{IR}>10^{10}\LO$). The expected number counts of IRIS galaxies for both of the populations are calculated in $B$ and $H$ bands. We show that about 60 normal galaxies and about 80 starburst galaxies are detected per square degree in both of the two bands, when galaxy evolution is not taken into account. All of the normal population of IRIS galaxies are located at the redshift $z\ltsim 0.1$. As for the starburst population, we also calculated number of galaxies with a simple model of evolution. The total number of starburst population predicted by the evolution model is larger by 20% than that expected from the non-evolution model. In the evolution model, the numbers of low-z ($z<1$), intermediate-z ($1 3$) galaxies are 100, 20, and 0.2 per square degree, respectively.

astro-ph↗

arXiv1998

Nature of Hard X-ray Source from Optical Identification of the ASCA Large Sky Survey

We present results of optical identification of the ASCA Large Sky Survey. X-ray sources which have hard X-ray spectra were identified with type-2 AGN at redshifts smaller than 0.5. It is supported that the absorbed X-ray spectrum of type-2 AGN makes the Cosmic X-ray Background harder in the hard X-ray band than type-1 AGN, which is main contributer in the soft X-ray band. Absence of type-2 AGN at redshift larger than 1 in the identified sample, which contrasts to the existence of 6 broad-line QSOs, suggests a deficiency of so-called ``type-2 QSO'' at high redshift.

astro-ph↗

arXiv1998

Discovery of the compact X-ray source inside the Cygnus Loop

We detected an X-ray compact source inside the Cygnus Loop during the observation project of the whole Cygnus Loop with the ASCA GIS. The source intensity is 0.11 c s$^{-1}$ for GIS and 0.15 c s$^{-1}$ for SIS, which is the strongest in the ASCA band. The X-ray spectra are well fitted by a power law spectrum of a photon index of \error{-2.1}{0.1} with neutral H column of (\error{3.1}{0.6})${\rm \times 10^{21} cm^{-2}}$. Taking into account the interstellar absorption feature, this source is X-ray bright mainly above 1 keV suggesting either an AGN or a rotating neutron star. So far, we did not detect intensity variation nor coherent pulsation mainly due to the limited observation time. There are several optical bright stellar objects within the error region of the X-ray image. We carried out the optical spectroscopy for the brightest source (V=+12.6) and found it to be a G star. The follow up deep observation both in optical and in X-ray wavelengths are strongly required.

astro-ph↗

arXiv1998

H-Alpha Velocity Fields of H II Regions in Nearby Dwarf Irregular Galaxies

We present H-alpha velocity fields of thirteen giant H II regions in four nearby dwarf irregular galaxies, NGC 2366, Holmberg II, IC 2574, and WLM. We classify the velocity features as well as the morphologies of the H II regions. The H-alpha velocity features are divided into three categories; three H II regions show chaotic feature with a typical scale of variation of a few 100 pc in size and a few 10 km s^{-1} in velocity, one shows expanding-bubble feature, and the remaining nine have calm velocity fields. There is a correlation between the H-alpha velocity feature and the morphology of H II regions. We measured bulk motion of the H II regions relative to the ambient H I velocity for the H II regions with calm velocity fields and found a typical velocity difference of about 5 km s^{-1}. We discuss a model for origin of star-forming regions based on the presence of the velocity difference between H-alpha and H I gas as well as the H I characteristics.

astro-ph↗

arXiv1998

Optical Identification of the Hardest X-ray Source in the ASCA Large Sky Survey

We report the optical identification of the hardest X-ray source (AX J131501+3141) detected in an unbiased wide-area survey in the 0.5--10 keV band, the ASCA Large Sky Survey. The X-ray spectrum of the source is very hard and is well reproduced by a power-law component (Gamma = 1.5^+0.7_-0.6) with N_H = 6^+4_-2 *10^22 cm^-2 (Sakano et al. 1998). We have found a galaxy with R=15.62 mag near the center of the error circle for the X-ray source. The optical spectrum of the galaxy shows only narrow emission lines whose ratios correspond to those of a type 2 Seyfert galaxy at z = 0.072, implying an absorption-corrected X-ray luminosity of 2*10^43 erg sec^-1 (2--10 keV) and M_B = -20.93 mag. A radio point source is also associated with the center of the galaxy. We thus identify the X-ray source with this galaxy as an obscured AGN. The hidden nature of the nucleus of the galaxy in the optical band is consistent with the X-ray spectrum. These results support the idea that the obscured AGNs/QSOs contribute significantly to the cosmic X-ray background in the hard band at the faint flux level.

astro-ph↗

arXiv1997

Clustering of red Galaxies near the Radio-loud Quasar 1335.8+2834 at z=1.1

We have obtained new deep optical and near-infrared images of the field of the radio-loud quasar 1335.8+2834 at $z=1.086$ where an excess in the surface number density of galaxies was reported by Hutchings et al. [AJ, 106, 1324] from optical data. We found a significant clustering of objects with very red optical-near infrared colors, $4 \lesssim R-K \lesssim 6$ and $3 \lesssim I-K \lesssim 5$ near the quasar. The colors and magnitudes of the reddest objects are consistent with those of old (12 Gyr old at z=0) passively-evolving elliptical galaxies seen at $z=1.1$, clearly defining a `red envelope' like that found in galaxy clusters at similar or lower redshifts. This evidence strongly suggests that the quasar resides in a moderately-rich cluster of galaxies (richness-class $\geq 0$). There is also a relatively large fraction of objects with moderately red colors ($3.5 < R-K < 4.5$) which have a distribution on the sky similar to that of the reddest objects. They may be interpreted as cluster galaxies with some recent or on-going star formation.

astro-ph↗

arXiv1995

Distribution of Blue Galaxies in a Merging Cluster of Galaxies Abell 168

The fraction of star-forming galaxies in rich clusters of galaxies increases rapidly with the redshift. This is interpreted as the result of a rapid evolution of cluster galaxies, though its mechanism is not yet clear. One hypothesis is that if galaxies run into the dense intracluster medium (ICM) regions, starbursts can be induced due to compression of molecular clouds in the galaxies by a raised "external" ICM pressure. In a merging cluster, there would be dense ICM regions and some galaxies may experience a rapid increase of external pressure. Thus, if the mechanism works, starbursts would occur in such galaxies. Such a situation is considered to be realized in Coma cluster, and galaxies showing a recent starburst have a characteristic spatial distribution; they populate an elongated region between two sub-clusters. We examined the above hypothesis by measuring the spatial distribution of blue galaxies, regarded as star-forming galaxies in Abell~168 to check whether a case like Coma is realized in this recently merging cluster. However, we could not find an enhanced blue-galaxy distribution between two sub-clusters. We discuss the causes of our result, including possibilities of surviving the hypothesis.

astro-ph↗