arXiv subjects

K. Rojas

Publications and source records attributed to K. Rojas.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2021

Discovery of Strongly Lensed Quasars in the Ultraviolet Near Infrared Optical Northern Survey (UNIONS)

We report the discovery of five new doubly-imaged lensed quasars from the first 2500 square degrees of the ongoing Canada-France Imaging Survey (CFIS), which is a component of the Ultraviolet Near Infrared Optical Northern Survey (UNIONS), selected from initial catalogues of either Gaia pairs or MILLIQUAS quasars. We take advantage of the deep, 0.6'' median-seeing $r$-band imaging of CFIS to confirm the presence of multiple point sources with similar colour of $u-r$, via convolution of the Laplacian of the point spread function. Requiring similar-colour point sources with flux ratios less than 2.5 mag in $r$-band, reduces the number of candidates from 256314 to 7815. After visual inspection we obtain 30 high-grade candidates, and prioritise spectroscopic follow-up for those showing signs of a lensing galaxy upon subtraction of the point sources. We obtain long-slit spectra for 18 candidates with ALFOSC on the 2.56-m Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT), confirming five new doubly lensed quasars with $1.21<z<3.36$ and angular separations from 0.8'' to 2.5''. One additional system is a probable lensed quasar based on the CFIS imaging and existing SDSS spectrum. We further classify six objects as nearly identical quasars -- still possible lenses but without the detection of a lensing galaxy. Given our recovery rate ($83\%$) of existing optically bright lenses within the CFIS footprint, we expect that a similar strategy, coupled with $u-r$ colour-selection from CFIS alone, will provide an efficient and complete discovery of small-separation lensed quasars of source redshifts below $z=2.7$ within the CFIS $r$-band magnitude limit of 24.1 mag.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2021

Strong lens systems search in the Dark Energy Survey using Convolutional Neural Networks

We performed a search for strong lens galaxy-scale systems in the first data release of the Dark Energy Survey (DES), from a color-selected parent sample of 18~745~029 Luminous Red Galaxies (LRGs). Our search was based on a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to grade our LRG selection with values between 0 (non-lens) and 1 (lens). Our training set was data-driven, i.e. using lensed sources taken from HST COSMOS images and where the light distribution of the lens plane was taken directly from DES images of our LRGs. A total of 76~582 cutouts obtained a score above 0.9. These were visually inspected and resulted in two catalogs. The first one contains 405 lens candidates, where 90 present clear lensing features and counterparts, while the others 315 require more evidence, such as higher resolution images or spectra to be conclusive. A total of 186 candidates were totally new identified in this search. The second catalog includes 539 ring galaxy candidates that will be useful to train CNNs against this type of false positives. For the 90 best lens candidates we carried out color-based deblending of the lens and source light without fitting any analytical profile to the data. The method turned out to be very efficient in the deblending, even for very compact objects and for objects with very complex morphology. Finally, from the 90 best lens candidates we selected 52 systems having one single deflector, to test an automated modeling pipeline which successfully modeled 79\% of the sample within an acceptable amount of computing time.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2021

Revealing the structure of the lensed quasar Q 0957+561: I. Accretion disk size

We aim to use signatures of microlensing induced by stars in the foreground lens galaxy to infer the size of the accretion disk in the gravitationally lensed quasar Q 0957+561. The long-term photometric monitoring of this system (which so far has provided the longest available light curves of a gravitational lens system) permits us to evaluate the impact of uncertainties on our recently developed method (controlled by the distance between the modeled and the experimental magnitude difference histograms between two lensed images), and thus to test the robustness of microlensing-based disk-size estimates. We analyzed the well-sampled 21-year GLENDAMA optical light curves of the double-lensed quasar and studied the intrinsic and extrinsic continuum variations. Using accurate measurements for the time delay between the images A and B, we modeled and removed the intrinsic quasar variability, and from the statistics of microlensing magnifications we used a Bayesian method to derive the size of the region emitting the continuum at 2558 angstroms. Analyses of the Q 0957+561 R-band light curves show a slow but systematic increase in the brightness of the B relative to the A component during the past ten years. The relatively low strength of the magnitude differences between the images indicates that the quasar has an unusually big optical accretion disk of half-light radius $R_{1/2} = 17.6 \pm 6.1 \sqrt{M/0.3M_\odot}$ lt-days.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2021

HOLISMOKES -- II. Identifying galaxy-scale strong gravitational lenses in Pan-STARRS using convolutional neural networks

We present a systematic search for wide-separation (Einstein radius >1.5"), galaxy-scale strong lenses in the 30 000 sq.deg of the Pan-STARRS 3pi survey on the Northern sky. With long time delays of a few days to weeks, such systems are particularly well suited for catching strongly lensed supernovae with spatially-resolved multiple images and open new perspectives on early-phase supernova spectroscopy and cosmography. We produce a set of realistic simulations by painting lensed COSMOS sources on Pan-STARRS image cutouts of lens luminous red galaxies with known redshift and velocity dispersion from SDSS. First of all, we compute the photometry of mock lenses in gri bands and apply a simple catalog-level neural network to identify a sample of 1050207 galaxies with similar colors and magnitudes as the mocks. Secondly, we train a convolutional neural network (CNN) on Pan-STARRS gri image cutouts to classify this sample and obtain sets of 105760 and 12382 lens candidates with scores pCNN>0.5 and >0.9, respectively. Extensive tests show that CNN performances rely heavily on the design of lens simulations and choice of negative examples for training, but little on the network architecture. Finally, we visually inspect all galaxies with pCNN>0.9 to assemble a final set of 330 high-quality newly-discovered lens candidates while recovering 23 published systems. For a subset, SDSS spectroscopy on the lens central regions proves our method correctly identifies lens LRGs at z~0.1-0.7. Five spectra also show robust signatures of high-redshift background sources and Pan-STARRS imaging confirms one of them as a quadruply-imaged red source at z_s = 1.185 strongly lensed by a foreground LRG at z_d = 0.3155. In the future, we expect that the efficient and automated two-step classification method presented in this paper will be applicable to the deeper gri stacks from the LSST with minor adjustments.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2020

TDCOSMO II: 6 new time delays in lensed quasars from high-cadence monitoring at the MPIA 2.2m telescope

We present six new time-delay measurements obtained from $R_c$-band monitoring data acquired at the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics (MPIA) 2.2 m telescope at La Silla observatory between October 2016 and February 2020. The lensed quasars HE 0047-1756, WG 0214-2105, DES 0407-5006, 2M 1134-2103, PSJ 1606-2333 and DES 2325-5229 were observed almost daily at high signal-to-noise ratio to obtain high-quality light curves where we can record fast and small-amplitude variations of the quasars. We measured time delays between all pairs of multiple images with only one or two seasons of monitoring with the exception of the time delays relative to image D of PSJ 1606-2333. The most precise estimate was obtained for the delay between image A and image B of DES 0407-5006, where $τ_{AB} = -128.4^{+3.5}_{-3.8}$ d (2.8% precision) including systematics due to extrinsic variability in the light curves. For HE 0047-1756, we combined our high-cadence data with measurements from decade-long light curves from previous COSMOGRAIL campaigns, and reach a precision of 0.9 d on the final measurement. The present work demonstrates the feasibility of measuring time delays in lensed quasars in only one or two seasons, provided high signal-to-noise ratio data are obtained at a cadence close to daily.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2020

Measuring accretion disk sizes of lensed quasars with microlensing time delay in multi-band light curves

Time-delay cosmography in strongly lensed quasars offer an independent way of measuring the Hubble constant, $H_0$. However, it has been proposed that the combination of microlensing and source-size effects, also known as microlensing time delay can potentially increase the uncertainty in time-delay measurements as well as lead to a biased time delay. In this work, we first investigate how microlensing time delay changes with assumptions on the initial mass function (IMF) and find that the more massive microlenses produce the sharper distributions of microlensing time delays. We also find that the IMF has modest effect on the the magnification probability distributions. Second, we present a new method to measure the color-dependent source size in lensed quasars using the microlensing time delays inferred from multi-band light curves. In practice the relevant observable is the differential microlensing time delays between different bands. We show from simulation using the facility as Vera C. Rubin Observatory that if this differential time delay between bands can be measured with a precision of $0.1$ days in any given lensed image, the disk size can be recovered to within a factor of $2$. If four lensed images are used, our method is able to achieve an unbiased source measurement within error of the order of $20\%$, which is comparable with other techniques.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2020

Microlensing Analysis for the gravitational lens systems SDSS0924+0219, Q1355-2257, and SDSS1029+2623

We use spectroscopic observations of the gravitationally lensed systems SDSS0924+0219(BC), Q1355-2257(AB), and SDSS1029+2623(BC) to analyze microlensing and dust extinction in the observed components. We detect chromatic microlensing effects in the continuum and microlensing in the broad emission line profiles of the systems SDSS0924+0219(BC), and Q1355-2257(AB). Using magnification maps to simulate microlensing and modeling the emitting region as a Gaussian intensity profile with size $r_s \propto λ^p$, we obtain the probability density functions for a logarithmic size prior at $λ_{rest-frame}=3533$ Å. In the case of SDSS0924+0219, we obtain: $r_s = 4^{+3}_{-2}$ $\sqrt{M/M_{\odot}}$ light-days (at $1 σ$), which is larger than the range of other estimates, and $p = 0.8 \pm 0.2$ (at $1 σ$), which is smaller than predicted by the thin disk theory, but still in agreement with previous results. In the case of Q1355-2257 we obtain (at $1 σ$): $r_s = 3.6^{+3.0}_{-1.6}$ $\sqrt{M/M_{\odot}}$ light-days, which is also larger than the theoretical prediction, and $p = 2.0 \pm 0.7$ that is in agreement with the theory within errors. SDSS1029+2326 spectra show evidence of extinction, probably produced by a galaxy in the vicinity of image C. Fitting an extinction curve to the data we estimate $ΔE \sim 0.2$ in agreement with previous results. We found no evidence of microlensing for this system.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2019

COSMOGRAIL XVIII: time delays of the quadruply lensed quasar WFI2033-4723

We present new measurements of the time delays of WFI2033-4723. The data sets used in this work include 14 years of data taken at the 1.2m Leonhard Euler Swiss telescope, 13 years of data from the SMARTS 1.3m telescope at Las Campanas Observatory and a single year of high-cadence and high-precision monitoring at the MPIA 2.2m telescope. The time delays measured from these different data sets, all taken in the R-band, are in good agreement with each other and with previous measurements from the literature. Combining all the time-delay estimates from our data sets results in Dt_AB = 36.2-0.8+0.7 days (2.1% precision), Dt_AC = -23.3-1.4+1.2 days (5.6%) and Dt_BC = -59.4-1.3+1.3 days (2.2%). In addition, the close image pair A1-A2 of the lensed quasars can be resolved in the MPIA 2.2m data. We measure a time delay consistent with zero in this pair of images. We also explore the prior distributions of microlensing time-delay potentially affecting the cosmological time-delay measurements of WFI2033-4723. There is however no strong indication in our measurements that microlensing time delay is neither present nor absent. This work is part of a H0LiCOW series focusing on measuring the Hubble constant from WFI2033-4723.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2018

The STRong lensing Insights into the Dark Energy Survey (STRIDES) 2016 follow-up campaign. I. Overview and classification of candidates selected by two techniques

The primary goals of the STRong lensing Insights into the Dark Energy Survey (STRIDES) collaboration are to measure the dark energy equation of state parameter and the free streaming length of dark matter. To this aim, STRIDES is discovering strongly lensed quasars in the imaging data of the Dark Energy Survey and following them up to measure time delays, high resolution imaging, and spectroscopy sufficient to construct accurate lens models. In this paper, we first present forecasts for STRIDES. Then, we describe the STRIDES classification scheme, and give an overview of the Fall 2016 follow-up campaign. We continue by detailing the results of two selection methods, the Outlier Selection Technique and a morphological algorithm, and presenting lens models of a system, which could possibly be a lensed quasar in an unusual configuration. We conclude with the summary statistics of the Fall 2016 campaign. Including searches presented in companion papers (Anguita et al.; Ostrovski et al.), STRIDES followed up 117 targets identifying 7 new strongly lensed systems, and 7 nearly identical quasars (NIQs), which could be confirmed as lenses by the detection of the lens galaxy. 76 candidates were rejected and 27 remain otherwise inconclusive, for a success rate in the range 6-35\%. This rate is comparable to that of previous searches like SQLS even though the parent dataset of STRIDES is purely photometric and our selection of candidates cannot rely on spectroscopic information.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2018

The STRong lensing Insights into the Dark Energy Survey (STRIDES) 2016 follow-up campaign. II. New quasar lenses from double component fitting

We report upon the follow up of 34 candidate lensed quasars found in the Dark Energy Survey using NTT-EFOSC, Magellan-IMACS, KECK-ESI and SOAR-SAMI. These candidates were selected by a combination of double component fitting, morphological assessment and color analysis. Most systems followed up are indeed composed of at least one quasar image and 13 with two or more quasar images: two lenses, four projected binaries and seven Nearly Identical Quasar Pairs (NIQs). The two systems confirmed as genuine gravitationally lensed quasars are one quadruple at $z_s=1.713$ and one double at $z_s=1.515$. Lens modeling of these two systems reveals that both systems require very little contribution from the environment to reproduce the image configuration. Nevertheless, small flux anomalies can be observed in one of the images of the quad. Further observations of 9 inconclusive systems (including 7 NIQs) will allow to confirm (or not) their gravitational lens nature.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2018

COSMOGRAIL XVII: Time delays for the quadruply imaged quasar PG 1115+080

We present time-delay estimates for the quadruply imaged quasar PG 1115+080. Our resuls are based on almost daily observations for seven months at the ESO MPIA 2.2m telescope at La Silla Observatory, reaching a signal-to-noise ratio of about 1000 per quasar image. In addition, we re-analyse existing light curves from the literature that we complete with an additional three seasons of monitoring with the Mercator telescope at La Palma Observatory. When exploring the possible source of bias we consider the so-called microlensing time delay, a potential source of systematic error so far never directly accounted for in previous time-delay publications. In fifteen years of data on PG 1115+080, we find no strong evidence of microlensing time delay. Therefore not accounting for this effect, our time-delay estimates on the individual data sets are in good agreement with each other and with the literature. Combining the data sets, we obtain the most precise time-delay estimates to date on PG 1115+080, with Dt(AB) = 8.3+1.5-1.6 days (18.7% precision), Dt(AC) = 9.9+1.1-1.1 days (11.1%) and Dt(BC) = 18.8+1.6-1.6 days (8.5%). Turning these time delays into cosmological constraints is done in a companion paper that makes use of ground-based Adaptive Optics (AO) with the Keck telescope.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2017

Quasar lenses and pairs in the VST-ATLAS and Gaia

We report on discovery results from a quasar lens search in the ATLAS public footprint, extending quasar lens searches to a regime without $u-$band or fiber-spectroscopic information, using a combination of data mining techniques on multi-band catalog magnitudes and image-cutout modelling. Spectroscopic follow-up campaigns, conducted at the 2.6m Nordic Optical Telescope (La Palma) and 3.6m New Technology Telescope (La Silla) in 2016, yielded seven pairs of quasars exhibiting the same lines at the same redshift and monotonic flux-ratios with wavelength (hereafter NIQs, Nearly Identical Quasar pairs). The quasar redshifts range between $\approx1.2$ and $\approx 2.7;$ contaminants are typically pairs of bright blue stars, quasar-star alignments along the line of sight, and narrow-line galaxies at $0.3<z<0.7.$ Magellan data of A0140-1152 (01$^h$40$^m$03.0$^s$-11$^d$52$^m$19.0$^s$, $z_{s}=1.807$) confirm it as a lens with deflector at $z_{l}=0.277$ and Einstein radius $θ_{\rm E}=(0.73\pm0.02)^\ase$. We show the use of spatial resolution from the Gaia mission to select lenses and list additional systems from a WISE-Gaia-ATLAS search, yielding three additional lenses (02$^h$35$^m$27.4$^s$-24$^d$33$^m$13.2$^s$, 02$^h$59$^m$33.$^s$-23$^d$38$^m$01.8$^s$, 01$^h$46$^m$32.9$^s$-11$^d$33$^m$39.0$^s$). The overall sample consists of 11 lenses/NIQs, plus three lenses known before 2016, over the ATLAS-DR3 footprint ($\approx3500$~deg$^2$). Finally, we discuss future prospects for objective classification of pair/NIQ/contaminant spectra.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2017

DES meets Gaia: discovery of strongly lensed quasars from a multiplet search

We report the discovery, spectroscopic confirmation and first lens models of the first two, strongly lensed quasars from a combined search in WISE and Gaia over the DES footprint. The four-image lensWGD2038-4008 (r.a.=20:38:02.65, dec.=-40:08:14.64) has source- and lens-redshifts $z_{s}=0.777 \pm 0.001$ and $z_l = 0.230 \pm 0.002$ respectively. Its deflector has effective radius $R_{\rm eff} \approx 3.4^{\prime\prime}$, stellar mass $\log(M_{\star}/M_{\odot}) = 11.64^{+0.20}_{-0.43}$, and shows extended isophotal shape variation. Simple lens models yield Einstein radii $R_{\rm E}=(1.30\pm0.04)^{\prime\prime},$ axis ratio $q=0.75\pm0.1$ (compatible with that of the starlight) and considerable shear-ellipticity degeneracies. The two-image lensWGD2021-4115 (r.a.=20:21:39.45, dec.=--41:15:57.11) has $z_{s}=1.390\pm0.001$ and $z_l = 0.335 \pm 0.002$, and Einstein radius $R_{\rm E} = (1.1\pm0.1)^{\prime\prime},$ but higher-resolution imaging is needed to accurately separate the deflector and faint quasar image. We also show high-rank candidate doubles selected this way, some of which have been independently identified with different techniques, and discuss a DES+WISE quasar multiplet selection.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2017

COSMOGRAIL XVI: Time delays for the quadruply imaged quasar DES J0408-5354 with high-cadence photometric monitoring

We present time-delay measurements for the new quadruply imaged quasar DES J0408-5354, the first quadruply imaged quasar found in the Dark Energy Survey (DES). Our result is made possible by implementing a new observational strategy using almost daily observations with the MPIA 2.2m telescope at La Silla observatory and deep exposures reaching a signal-to-noise ratio of about 1000 per quasar image. This data quality allows us to catch small photometric variations (a few mmag rms) of the quasar, acting on temporal scales much shorter than microlensing, hence making the time delay measurement very robust against microlensing. In only 7 months we measure very accurately one of the time delays in DES J0408-5354: Dt(AB) = -112.1 +- 2.1 days (1.8%) using only the MPIA 2.2m data. In combination with data taken with the 1.2m Euler Swiss telescope, we also measure two delays involving the D component of the system Dt(AD) = -155.5 +- 12.8 days (8.2%) and Dt(BD) = -42.4 +- 17.6 days (41%), where all the error bars include systematics. Turning these time delays into cosmological constraints will require deep HST imaging or ground-based Adaptive Optics (AO), and information on the velocity field of the lensing galaxy.

astro-ph.IM↗

arXiv2017

Probing the Broad Line Region and the Accretion Disk in the Lensed Quasars HE0435-1223, WFI2033-4723, and HE2149-2745 using Gravitational Microlensing

We use single-epoch spectroscopy of three gravitationally lensed quasars, HE0435-1223, WFI2033-4723, and HE2149-2745, to study their inner structure (BLR and continuum source). We detect microlensing-induced magnification in the wings of the broad emission lines of two of the systems (HE0435-1223 and WFI2033-4723). In the case of WFI2033-4723, microlensing affects two "bumps" in the spectra which are almost symmetrically arranged on the blue (coincident with an AlIII emission line) and red wings of CIII]. These match the typical double-peaked profile that follows from disk kinematics. The presence of microlensing in the wings of the emission lines indicates the existence of two different regions in the BLR: a relatively small one with kinematics possibly related to an accretion disk, and another one that is substantially more extended and insensitive to microlensing. There is good agreement between the estimated size of the region affected by microlensing in the emission lines, $r_s=10^{+15}_{-7} \sqrt{M/M_{\odot}}$ light-days (red wing of CIV in HE0435-1223) and $r_s=11^{+28}_{-7} \sqrt{M/M_{\odot}}$ light-days (CIII] bumps in WFI2033-4723) with the sizes inferred from the continuum emission, $r_s=13^{+5}_{-4} \sqrt{M/M_{\odot}}$ light-days (HE0435-1223) and $r_s=10^{+3}_{-2} \sqrt{M/M_{\odot}}$ light-days (WFI2033-4723). For HE2149-2745 we measure an accretion disk size $r_s=8^{+11}_{-5} \sqrt{M/M_{\odot}}$ light-days. The estimates of $p$, the exponent of the size vs. wavelength ($r_s\proptoλ^p$), are $1.2\pm0.6$, $0.8\pm0.2$, and $0.4\pm0.3$ for HE0435-1223, WFI2033-4723, and HE2149-2745, respectively. In conclusion, the continuum microlensing amplitude in the three quasars and chromaticity in WFI2033-4723 and HE2149-2745 are below expectations for the thin disk model. The disks are larger and their temperature gradients are flatter than predicted by this model.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2016

Determination of pulsation periods and other parameters of 2875 stars classified as MIRA in the All Sky Automated Survey (ASAS)

We have developed an interactive PYTHON code and derived crucial ephemeris data of 99.4% of all stars classified as 'Mira' in the ASAS data base, referring to pulsation periods, mean maximum magnitudes and, whenever possible, the amplitudes among others. We present a statistical comparison between our results and those given by the AAVSO International Variable Star Index (VSX), as well as those determined with the machine learning automatic procedure of Richards et al. 2012. Our periods are in good agreement with those of the VSX in more than 95% of the stars. However, when comparing our periods with those of Richards et al, the coincidence rate is only 76% and most of the remaining cases refer to aliases. We conclude that automatic codes require still more refinements in order to provide reliable period values. Period distributions of the target stars show three local maxima around 215, 275 and 330 d, apparently of universal validity, their relative strength seems to depend on galactic longitude. Our visual amplitude distribution turns out to be bimodal, however 1/3 of the targets have rather small amplitudes (A $<$ 2.5$^{m}$) and could refer to semi-regular variables (SR). We estimate that about 20% of our targets belong to the SR class. We also provide a list of 63 candidates for period variations and a sample of 35 multiperiodic stars which seem to confirm the universal validity of typical sequences in the double period and in the Petersen diagrams

astro-ph.SR↗

arXiv2016

Combining Strong Lensing and Dynamics in Galaxy Clusters: integrating MAMPOSSt within LENSTOOL I. Application on SL2S J02140-0535

We present a new framework were we simultaneously fit strong lensing (SL) and dynamical data. The SL analysis is based on LENSTOOL, and the dynamical analysis uses MAMPOSSt code, which we have integrated into LENSTOOL. After describing the implementation of this new tool, we apply it on the galaxy group SL2S\,J02140-0535 ($z_{\rm spec}=0.44$), which we have already studied in the past. We use new VLT/FORS2 spectroscopy of multiple images and group members, as well as shallow X-ray data from \xmm. We confirm that the observed lensing features in SL2S\,J02140-0535 belong to different background sources. One of this sources is located at $z_{\rm spec}$ = 1.017 $\pm$ 0.001, whereas the other source is located at $z_{\rm spec}$ = 1.628 $\pm$ 0.001. With the analysis of our new and our previously reported spectroscopic data, we find 24 secure members for SL2S\,J02140-0535. Both data sets are well reproduced by a single NFW mass profile: the dark matter halo coincides with the peak of the light distribution, with scale radius, concentration, and mass equal to $r_s$ =$82^{+44}_{-17}$ kpc , $c_{200}$ = $10.0^{+1.7}_{-2.5}$, and $M_{200}$ = $1.0^{+0.5}_{-0.2}$ $\times$ 10$^{14}$M$_{\odot}$ respectively. These parameters are better constrained when we fit simultaneously SL and dynamical information. The mass contours of our best model agrees with the direction defined by the luminosity contours and the X-ray emission of SL2S\,J02140-0535. The simultaneous fit lowers the error in the mass estimate by 0.34 dex, when compared to the SL model, and in 0.15 dex when compared to the dynamical method.The combination of SL and dynamics tools yields a more accurate probe of the mass profile of SL2S\,J02140-0535 up to $r_{200}$. However, there is tension between the best elliptical SL model and the best spherical dynamical model.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2015

VVV Survey Observations of a Microlensing Stellar Mass Black Hole Candidate in the Field of the Globular Cluster NGC 6553

We report the discovery of a large timescale candidate microlensing event of a bulge stellar source based on near-infrared observations with the VISTA Variables in the Via Lactea Survey (VVV). The new microlensing event is projected only 3.5 arcmin away from the center of the globular cluster NGC 6553. The source appears to be a bulge giant star with magnitude Ks = 13.52, based on the position in the color-magnitude diagram. The foreground lens may be located in the globular cluster, which has well-known parameters such as distance and proper motions. If the lens is a cluster member, we can directly estimate its mass simply following Paczynski et al. (1996) which is a modified version of the more general case due to Refsdal. In that case, the lens would be a massive stellar remnant, with M = 1.5-3.5 Msun. If the blending fraction of the microlensing event appears to be small, and this lens would represent a good isolated black hole (BH) candidate, that would be the oldest BH known. Alternative explanations (with a larger blending fraction) also point to a massive stellar remnant if the lens is located in the Galactic disk and does not belong to the globular cluster.

astro-ph.SR↗