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K. Schäffner

Publications and source records attributed to K. Schäffner.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

Na-based crystal scintillators for next-generation rare event searches

The growing interest in clarifying the controversial situation in the Dark Matter sector has driven the experimental efforts towards new ways to investigate the long-standing DAMA/LIBRA result. Among them, low-temperature calorimeters based on Na-containing scintillating crystals offer the possibility to clarify the nature of the measured signal via particle identification. Here we report the first measurement of Na-containing crystals, based on material different from NaI, i.e. Na$_2$Mo$_2$O$_7$ and Na$_2$W$_2$O$_7$, pointing out their excellent performance in term of energy resolution, light yield, and particle identification.

physics.ins-det↗

First data from the CUPID-Mo neutrinoless double beta decay experiment

The CUPID-Mo experiment is searching for neutrinoless double beta decay in $^{100}$Mo, evaluating the technology of cryogenic scintillating Li$_{2}^{100}$MoO$_4$ detectors for CUPID (CUORE Upgrade with Particle ID). CUPID-Mo detectors feature background suppression using a dual-readout scheme with Li$_{2}$MoO$_4$ crystals complemented by Ge bolometers for light detection. The detection of both heat and scintillation light signals allows the efficient discrimination of $α$ from $γ$&$β$ events. In this proceedings, we discuss results from the first 2 months of data taking in spring 2019. In addition to an excellent bolometric performance of 6.7$\,$keV (FWHM) at 2615$\,$keV and an $α$ separation of better than 99.9\% for all detectors, we report on bulk radiopurity for Th and U. Finally, we interpret the accumulated physics data in terms of a limit of $T_{1/2}^{0ν}\,> 3\times10^{23}\,$yr for $^{100}$Mo and discuss the sensitivity of CUPID-Mo until the expected end of physics data taking in early 2020.

hep-ex↗

Evidence of Single State Dominance in the Two-Neutrino Double-$β$ Decay of Se-82 with CUPID-0

We report on the measurement of the two-neutrino double-$β$ decay of $^{82}$Se performed for the first time with cryogenic calorimeters, in the framework of the CUPID-0~experiment. With an exposure of 9.95 kg$\times$yr of Zn$^{82}$Se, we determine the two-neutrino double-$β$ decay half-life of $^{82}$Se with an unprecedented precision level, $T_{1/2}^{2ν} = [8.60 \pm 0.03 \textrm{(stat.)}~^{+0.17}_{-0.10} \textrm{(syst.)}] \times 10^{19}~\textrm{yr}$. The very high signal-to-background ratio, along with the detailed reconstruction of the background sources allowed us to identify the single state dominance as the underlying mechanism of such process, demonstrating that the higher state dominance hypothesis is disfavored at the level of 5.5 $σ$.

nucl-ex↗

The CUPID-Mo experiment for neutrinoless double-beta decay: performance and prospects

CUPID-Mo is a bolometric experiment to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0νββ$) of $^{100}$Mo. In this article, we detail the CUPID-Mo detector concept, assembly, installation in the underground laboratory in Modane in 2018, and provide results from the first datasets. The demonstrator consists of an array of 20 scintillating bolometers comprised of $^{100}$Mo-enriched 0.2 kg Li$_2$MoO$_4$ crystals. The detectors are complemented by 20 thin cryogenic Ge bolometers acting as light detectors to distinguish $α$ from $γ$/$β$ events by the detection of both heat and scintillation light signals. We observe good detector uniformity, facilitating the operation of a large detector array as well as excellent energy resolution of 5.3 keV (6.5 keV) FWHM at 2615 keV, in calibration (physics) data. Based on the observed energy resolutions and light yields a separation of $α$ particles at much better than 99.9\% with equally high acceptance for $γ$/$β$ events is expected for events in the region of interest for $^{100}$Mo $0νββ$. We present limits on the crystals' radiopurity ($\leq$3 $μ$Bq/kg of $^{226}$Ra and $\leq$2 $μ$Bq/kg of $^{232}$Th). Based on these initial results we also discuss a sensitivity study for the science reach of the CUPID-Mo experiment, in particular, the ability to set the most stringent half-life limit on the $^{100}$Mo $0νββ$ decay after half a year of livetime. The achieved results show that CUPID-Mo is a successful demonstrator of the technology - developed in the framework of the LUMINEU project - selected for the CUPID experiment, a proposed follow-up of CUORE, the currently running first tonne-scale cryogenic $0νββ$ experiment.

physics.ins-det↗

First results on sub-GeV spin-dependent dark matter interactions with $^{7}$Li

In this work, we want to highlight the potential of lithium as a target for spin-dependent dark matter search in cryogenic experiments, with a special focus on the low-mass region of the parameter space. We operated a prototype detector module based on a Li$_2$MoO$_4$ target crystal in an above-ground laboratory. Despite the high background environment, the detector sets competitive limits on spin-dependent interactions of dark matter particles with protons and neutrons for masses between 0.8 GeV/c$^2$ and 1.5 GeV/c$^2$.

astro-ph.IM↗

Geant4-based electromagnetic background model for the CRESST dark matter experiment

The CRESST (Cryogenic Rare Event Search with Superconducting Thermometers) dark matter search experiment aims for the detection of dark matter particles via elastic scattering off nuclei in $\mathrm{CaWO_4}$ crystals. To understand the CRESST electromagnetic background due to the bulk contamination in the employed materials, a model based on Monte Carlo simulations was developed using the Geant4 simulation toolkit. The results of the simulation are applied to the TUM40 detector module of CRESST-II phase 2. We are able to explain up to $(68 \pm 16)\,\mathrm{\%}$ of the electromagnetic background in the energy range between $1\,\mathrm{keV}$ and $40\,\mathrm{keV}$.

astro-ph.IM↗

Background Model of the CUPID-0 Experiment

CUPID-0 is the first large mass array of enriched Zn$^{82}$Se scintillating low temperature calorimeters, operated at LNGS since 2017. During its first scientific runs, CUPID-0 collected an exposure of 9.95 kg yr. Thanks to the excellent rejection of $α$ particles, we attained the lowest background ever measured with thermal detectors in the energy region where we search for the signature of $^{82}$Se neutrinoless double beta decay. In this work we develop a model to reconstruct the CUPID-0 background over the whole energy range of experimental data. We identify the background sources exploiting their distinctive signatures and we assess their extremely low contribution (down to $\sim10^{-4}$ counts/(keV kg yr)) in the region of interest for $^{82}$Se neutrinoless double beta decay search. This result represents a crucial step towards the comprehension of the background in experiments based on scintillating calorimeters and in next generation projects such as CUPID.

nucl-ex↗

Radiopurity of an archeological Roman Lead cryogenic detector

Archeological Roman lead (Pb) is known to be a suitable material for shielding experimental apparata in rare event searches. In the past years the intrinsic radiopurity of this material was investigated using different technologies. In this work we applied the latest advancements in cryogenic techniques to study the bulk radiopurity of a 1 cm$^{3}$ sample of archeological Roman Pb. We report the lowest ever measured limit on $^{210}$Pb content in Roman Pb, with a concentration lower than 715 $μ$Bq/kg. Furthermore, we also studied $^{238}$U and $^{232}$Th impurity concentrations. Our values concur with independent measurements reported in literature.

physics.ins-det↗

Final result of CUPID-0 phase-I in the search for the $^{82}$Se Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay

CUPID-0 is the first pilot experiment of CUPID, a next-generation project for the measurement of neutrinoless double beta decay (0$ν$DBD) with scintillating bolometers. The detector, consisting of 24 enriched and 2 natural ZnSe crystals, has been taking data at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso from June 2017 to December 2018, collecting a $^{82}$Se exposure of 5.29 kg$\times$yr. In this paper we present the phase-I results in the search for 0$ν$DBD. We demonstrate that the technology implemented by CUPID-0 allows us to reach the lowest background for calorimetric experiments: $(3.5^{+1.0}_{-0.9})\times10^{-3}$ counts/(keV kg yr). Monitoring 3.88$\times$10$^{25}$ $^{82}$Se nuclei$\times$yr we reach a 90% credible interval median sensitivity of $\rm{T}^{0ν}_{1/2}>5.0\times10^{24} \rm{yr}$ and set the most stringent limit on the half-life of $^{82}$Se 0$ν$DBD : $\rm{T}^{0ν}_{1/2}>3.5\times10^{24} \rm{yr}$ (90% credible interval), corresponding to m$_{ββ} <$ (311-638) meV depending on the nuclear matrix element calculations.

nucl-ex↗

Cryogenic light detectors with enhanced performance for rare events physics

We have developed and tested a new way of coupling bolometric light detectors to scintillating crystal bolometers based upon simply resting the light detector on the crystal surface, held in position only by gravity. This straightforward mounting results in three important improvements: (1) it decreases the amount of non-active materials needed to assemble the detector, (2) it substantially increases the light collection efficiency by minimizing the light losses induced by the mounting structure, and (3) it enhances the thermal signal induced in the light detector thanks to the extremely weak thermal link to the thermal bath. We tested this new technique with a 16 cm$^2$ Ge light detector with thermistor readout sitting on the surface of a large TeO$_2$ bolometer. The light collection efficiency was increased by greater than 50\% compared to previously tested alternative mountings. We obtained a baseline energy resolution on the light detector of 20~eV RMS that, together with increased light collection, enabled us to obtain the best $α$ vs $β/γ$ discrimination ever obtained with massive TeO$_2$ crystals. At the same time we achieved rise and decay times of 0.8 and 1.6 ms, respectively. This superb performance meets all of the requirements for the CUPID (CUORE Upgrade with Particle IDentification) experiment, which is a 1-ton scintillating bolometer follow up to CUORE.

physics.ins-det↗

First results from the CRESST-III low-mass dark matter program

The CRESST experiment is a direct dark matter search which aims to measure interactions of potential dark matter particles in an earth-bound detector. With the current stage, CRESST-III, we focus on a low energy threshold for increased sensitivity towards light dark matter particles. In this manuscript we describe the analysis of one detector operated in the first run of CRESST-III (05/2016-02/2018) achieving a nuclear recoil threshold of 30.1eV. This result was obtained with a 23.6g CaWO$_4$ crystal operated as a cryogenic scintillating calorimeter in the CRESST setup at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS). Both the primary phonon/heat signal and the simultaneously emitted scintillation light, which is absorbed in a separate silicon-on-sapphire light absorber, are measured with highly sensitive transition edge sensors operated at ~15mK. The unique combination of these sensors with the light element oxygen present in our target yields sensitivity to dark matter particle masses as low as 160MeV/c$^2$.

astro-ph.CO↗

Limits on Dark Matter Effective Field Theory Parameters with CRESST-II

CRESST is a direct dark matter search experiment, aiming for an observation of nuclear recoils induced by the interaction of dark matter particles with cryogenic scintillating calcium tungstate crystals. Instead of confining ourselves to standard spin-independent and spin-dependent searches, we re-analyze data from CRESST-II using a more general effective field theory (EFT) framework. On many of the EFT coupling constants, improved exclusion limits in the low-mass region (< 3-4 GeV) are presented.

hep-ph↗

Analysis of cryogenic calorimeters with light and heat read-out for double beta decay searches

The suppression of spurious events in the region of interest for neutrinoless double beta decay will play a major role in next generation experiments. The background of detectors based on the technology of cryogenic calorimeters is expected to be dominated by α particles, that could be disentangled from double beta decay signals by exploiting the difference in the emission of the scintillation light. CUPID-0, an array of enriched Zn$^{82}$Se scintillating calorimeters, is the first large mass demonstrator of this technology. The detector started data-taking in 2017 at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso with the aim of proving that dual read-out of light and heat allows for an efficient suppression of the α background. In this paper we describe the software tools we developed for the analysis of scintillating calorimeters and we demonstrate that this technology allows to reach an unprecedented background for cryogenic calorimeters.

physics.ins-det↗

First results on low-mass dark matter from the CRESST-III experiment

The CRESST experiment, located at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy, searches for dark matter particles via their elastic scattering off nuclei in a target material. The CRESST target consists of scintillating CaWO$_4$ crystals, which are operated as cryogenic calorimeters at millikelvin temperatures. Each interaction in the CaWO$_4$ target crystal produces a phonon signal and a light signal that is measured by a second cryogenic calorimeter. Since the CRESST-II result in 2015, the experiment is leading the field of direct dark matter search for dark matter masses below 1.7\,GeV/$c^2$, extending the reach of direct searches to the sub-GeV/$c^2$ mass region. For CRESST-III, whose Phase 1 started in July 2016, detectors have been optimized to reach the performance required to further probe the low-mass region with unprecedented sensitivity. In this contribution the achievements of the CRESST-III detectors will be discussed together with preliminary results and perspectives of Phase 1.

astro-ph.CO↗

Results from the first cryogenic NaI detector for the COSINUS project

Recently there is a flourishing and notable interest in the crystalline scintillator material sodium iodide (NaI) as target for direct dark matter searches. This is mainly driven by the long-reigning contradicting situation in the dark matter sector: the positive evidence for the detection of a dark matter modulation signal claimed by the DAMA/LIBRA collaboration is (under so-called standard assumptions) inconsistent with the null-results reported by most of the other direct dark matter experiments. We present the results of a first prototype detector using a new experimental approach in comparison to \textit{conventional} single-channel NaI scintillation light detectors: a NaI crystal operated as a scintillating calorimeter at milli-Kelvin temperatures simultaneously providing a phonon (heat) plus scintillation light signal and particle discrimination on an event-by-event basis. We evaluate energy resolution, energy threshold and further performance parameters of this prototype detector developed within the COSINUS R&D project.

physics.ins-det↗

Results of the first NaI scintillating calorimeter prototypes by COSINUS

Over almost three decades the TAUP conference has seen a remarkable momentum gain in direct dark matter search. An important accelerator were first indications for a modulating signal rate in the DAMA/NaI experiment reported in 1997. Today the presence of an annual modulation, which matches in period and phase the expectation for dark matter, is supported at > 9$σ$ confidence. The underlying nature of dark matter, however, is still considered an open and fundamental question of particle physics. No other direct dark matter search could confirm the DAMA claim up to now; moreover, numerous null-results are in clear contradiction under so-called standard assumptions for the dark matter halo and the interaction mechanism of dark with ordinary matter. As both bear a dependence on the target material, resolving this controversial situation will convincingly only be possible with an experiment using sodium iodide (NaI) as target. COSINUS aims to even go a step further by combining NaI with a novel detection approach. COSINUS aims to operate NaI as a cryogenic calorimeter reading scintillation light and phonon/heat signal. Two distinct advantages arise from this approach, a substantially lower energy threshold for nuclear recoils and particle identification on an event-by-event basis. These key benefits will allow COSINUS to clarify a possible nuclear recoil origin of the DAMA signal with comparatively little exposure of O(100kg days) and, thereby, answer a long-standing question of particle physics. Today COSINUS is in R&D phase; in this contribution we show results from the 2nd prototype, albeit the first one of the final foreseen detector design. The key finding of this measurement is that pure, undoped NaI is a truly excellent scintillator at low temperatures: We measure 13.1% of the total deposited energy in the NaI crystal in the form of scintillation light (in the light detector).

astro-ph.IM↗

Search for low-mass Dark Matter with the CRESST Experiment

CRESST is a multi-stage experiment directly searching for dark matter (DM) using cryogenic $\mathrm{CaWO_4}$ crystals. Previous stages established leading limits for the spin-independent DM-nucleon cross section down to DM-particle masses $m_\mathrm{DM}$ below $1\,\mathrm{GeV/c^2}$. Furthermore, CRESST performed a dedicated search for dark photons (DP) which excludes new parameter space between DP masses $m_\mathrm{DP}$ of $300\,\mathrm{eV/c^2}$ to $700\,\mathrm{eV/c^2}$. In this contribution we will discuss the latest results based on the previous CRESST-II phase 2 and we will report on the status of the current CRESST-III phase 1: in this stage we have been operating 10 upgraded detectors with $24,\mathrm{g}$ target mass each and enhanced detector performance since summer 2016. The improved detector design in terms of background suppression and reduction of the detection threshold will be discussed with respect to the previous stage. We will conclude with an outlook on the potential of the next stage, CRESST-III phase 2.

astro-ph.IM↗

Development of $^{100}$Mo-containing scintillating bolometers for a high-sensitivity neutrinoless double-beta decay search

This paper reports on the development of a technology involving $^{100}$Mo-enriched scintillating bolometers, compatible with the goals of CUPID, a proposed next-generation bolometric experiment to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay. Large mass ($\sim$1~kg), high optical quality, radiopure $^{100}$Mo-containing zinc and lithium molybdate crystals have been produced and used to develop high performance single detector modules based on 0.2--0.4~kg scintillating bolometers. In particular, the energy resolution of the lithium molybdate detectors near the $Q$-value of the double-beta transition of $^{100}$Mo (3034~keV) is 4--6~keV FWHM. The rejection of the $α$-induced dominant background above 2.6~MeV is better than 8$σ$. Less than 10~$μ$Bq/kg activity of $^{232}$Th ($^{228}$Th) and $^{226}$Ra in the crystals is ensured by boule recrystallization. The potential of $^{100}$Mo-enriched scintillating bolometers to perform high sensitivity double-beta decay searches has been demonstrated with only 10~kg$\times$d exposure: the two neutrino double-beta decay half-life of $^{100}$Mo has been measured with the up-to-date highest accuracy as $T_{1/2}$ = [6.90 $\pm$ 0.15(stat.) $\pm$ 0.37(syst.)] $\times$ 10$^{18}$~yr. Both crystallization and detector technologies favor lithium molybdate, which has been selected for the ongoing construction of the CUPID-0/Mo demonstrator, containing several kg of $^{100}$Mo.

physics.ins-det↗