arXiv subjects

Kai Li Lim

Publications and source records attributed to Kai Li Lim.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

EVECTOR: An orchestrator for analysing attacks in electric vehicles charging system

Electric Vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure is critical for the widespread adoption of EVs, ensuring efficient and secure charging processes. Evaluating the security and performance of EV charging systems in real-world infrastructure poses significant challenges due to the diversity of information exchange between vehicles and charging stations/Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE), including complex network protocols, scale of deployment and a variety of potential threats. Existing simulation frameworks are unable to handle complex security scenarios across these differing data exchange protocols. In this paper, we propose a novel EV orchestration framework: EVECTOR, which addresses the limitations of existing simulation systems by enabling both quantitative and qualitative analyses of EV charging scenarios. EVECTOR also provides a flexible attack orchestrator to simulate realistic attack behaviours on EV charging infrastructure. We validate the EVECTOR framework through two case studies: (a) cyber-physical attacks such as broken wire; and (b) cyber-specific attacks such as frame fuzzification. The case studies highlight the effectiveness of EVECTOR in providing deeper insights into the security and performance of EV charging systems.

cs.OH↗

arXiv2022

Driving and charging an EV in Australia: A real-world analysis

As outlined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, electric vehicles offer the greatest decarbonisation potential for land transport, in addition to other benefits, including reduced fuel and maintenance costs, improved air quality, reduced noise pollution, and improved national fuel security. Owing to these benefits, governments worldwide are planning and rolling out EV-favourable policies, and major car manufacturers are committing to fully electrifying their offerings over the coming decades. With the number of EVs on the roads expected to increase, it is imperative to understand the effect of EVs on transport and energy systems. While unmanaged charging of EVs could potentially add stress to the electricity grid, managed charging of EVs could be beneficial to the grid in terms of improved demand-supply management and improved integration of renewable energy sources into the grid, as well as offer other ancillary services. To assess the impact of EVs on the electricity grid and their potential use as batteries-on-wheels through smart charging capabilities, decision-makers need to understand how current EV owners drive and charge their vehicles. As such, an emerging area of research focuses on understanding these behaviours. Some studies have used stated preference surveys of non-EV owners or data collected from EV trials to estimate EV driving and charging patterns. Other studies have tried to decipher EV owners' behaviour based on data collected from national surveys or as reported by EV owners. This study aims to fill this gap in the literature by collecting data on real-world driving and charging patterns of 239 EVs across Australia. To this effect, data collection from current EV owners via an application programming interface platform began in November 2021 and is currently live.

cs.CY↗

arXiv2022

Online Assessment Misconduct Detection using Internet Protocol and Behavioural Classification

With the recent prevalence of remote education, academic assessments are often conducted online, leading to further concerns surrounding assessment misconducts. This paper investigates the potentials of online assessment misconduct (e-cheating) and proposes practical countermeasures against them. The mechanism for detecting the practices of online cheating is presented in the form of an e-cheating intelligent agent, comprising of an internet protocol (IP) detector and a behavioural monitor. The IP detector is an auxiliary detector which assigns randomised and unique assessment sets as an early procedure to reduce potential misconducts. The behavioural monitor scans for irregularities in assessment responses from the candidates, further reducing any misconduct attempts. This is highlighted through the proposal of the DenseLSTM using a deep learning approach. Additionally, a new PT Behavioural Database is presented and made publicly available. Experiments conducted on this dataset confirm the effectiveness of the DenseLSTM, resulting in classification accuracies of up to 90.7%.

cs.CY↗

arXiv2020

A Review of Visual Odometry Methods and Its Applications for Autonomous Driving

The research into autonomous driving applications has observed an increase in computer vision-based approaches in recent years. In attempts to develop exclusive vision-based systems, visual odometry is often considered as a key element to achieve motion estimation and self-localisation, in place of wheel odometry or inertial measurements. This paper presents a recent review to methods that are pertinent to visual odometry with an emphasis on autonomous driving. This review covers visual odometry in their monocular, stereoscopic and visual-inertial form, individually presenting them with analyses related to their applications. Discussions are drawn to outline the problems faced in the current state of research, and to summarise the works reviewed. This paper concludes with future work suggestions to aid prospective developments in visual odometry.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2019

A Methodological Review of Visual Road Recognition Procedures for Autonomous Driving Applications

The current research interest in autonomous driving is growing at a rapid pace, attracting great investments from both the academic and corporate sectors. In order for vehicles to be fully autonomous, it is imperative that the driver assistance system is adapt in road and lane keeping. In this paper, we present a methodological review of techniques with a focus on visual road detection and recognition. We adopt a pragmatic outlook in presenting this review, whereby the procedures of road recognition is emphasised with respect to its practical implementations. The contribution of this review hence covers the topic in two parts -- the first part describes the methodological approach to conventional road detection, which covers the algorithms and approaches involved to classify and segregate roads from non-road regions; and the other part focuses on recent state-of-the-art machine learning techniques that are applied to visual road recognition, with an emphasis on methods that incorporate convolutional neural networks and semantic segmentation. A subsequent overview of recent implementations in the commercial sector is also presented, along with some recent research works pertaining to road detections.

cs.CV↗