arXiv subjects

Kalyan Malakar

Publications and source records attributed to Kalyan Malakar.

10 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Exploring Rényi Entropic Cosmology Constrained by DESI DR2 BAO and Complementary Late-Time Observations

We investigate the late-time cosmological viability of Rényi entropic cosmology (REC) by confronting its modified Friedmann dynamics with DESI DR2 BAO, cosmic chronometers, gravitational-wave standard sirens, redshift-space distortions, and two independent Type Ia supernova compilations, PantheonPlus and Union3. Unlike earlier works, we obtain a stringent constraint on the Rényi parameter $λ\sim (3.7\text{--}3.8)\times10^{-124}$, with the resulting value even satisfying recent Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and baryogenesis bounds. Across all observational combinations, REC yields $H_0\simeq68.2$--$68.4$ $km\,s^{-1}\,Mpc^{-1}$ and $Ω_{m0}\simeq0.291$--$0.295$, with a transition from deceleration to acceleration at $z_{\rm tr}\simeq0.66$--$0.68$. The effective equation of state remains quintessence-like, with $w_{\rm eff}(0)\simeq-0.68$, and does not cross the phantom boundary. REC provides a modest improvement in the minimum $χ^2$ relative to $Λ$CDM, while the AIC, DIC, BIC, and Bayesian evidence indicate that the preference for REC is statistically competitive but not decisive. Conclusively, the results show that Rényi entropy can produce a controlled modification of the late-time expansion history while remaining observationally close to $Λ$CDM.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2026

Viability of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis in $f(R,L_m)$ Gravity

We examine the viability of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) constraints in $f(R,L_m)$ gravity, where the gravitational Lagrangian is an arbitrary function of the the Ricci scalar $R$ and matter Lagrangian density $L_m$. We derive stringent bounds on the underlying model parameters of four different $f(R,L_m)$ gravity models by examining both the primordial abundances of helium-4 ($^4\text{He}$) and the fractional variations in the neutron--proton freeze out temperature. Our results reveal that $f(R,L_m)$ gravity remains viable under the BBN constraints. With the freeze-out condition offering the most dominat constraint on the parameter space, whereas the bounds from $^4\text{He}$ abundance act as a separate abundance level consistency checks on the modified expansion rate. In summary, the presence of these feasible parameter regions demonstrates that $f(R,L_m)$ gravity models can successfully accommodate primordial element abundances without disrupting standard early Universe dynamics.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2026

Cosmological Realization of Baryon Asymmetry in f(R, G_{μν}T^{μν}) Gravity

This work investigates the mechanism of gravitational baryogenesis (GB) under the formalism of f(R, G_{μν}T^{μν}) gravity, where R denotes the Ricci scalar, G_{μν} is the Einstein tensor and T^{μν} represents the energy--momentum tensor. f(R, G_{μν}T^{μν}) model is considered to evaluate the baryon-to-entropy ratio (BnER), which is subsequently compared against the observational limits. The results obtained exhibit compatibility with the estimated matter imbalance. Moreover, the analysis is extended to generalized GB case, resulting in outcomes that closely match empirical bounds. The findings reveal that the f(R, G_{μν}T^{μν}) formulation yields a viable theoretical setting for explaining the detected matter-antimatter disparity of the universe, highlighting its relevance in early cosmic evolution. To further validate the models, a chi-square (χ^2) analysis of the Hubble parameter, H(z), and distance modulus, μ(z), is performed, confirming their consistency with current cosmological observations. A comparative assessment simultaneously with the ΛCDM paradigm demonstrates a satisfactory level of agreement between the proposed model and cosmological observations from CC and Pantheon+SH0ES datasets.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2026

From Big Bang Nucleosynthesis to Late-Time Acceleration in $f(Q,L_m)$ Gravity

We perform a comprehensive investigation of the early-to-late time cosmic evolution within the framework of $f(Q,L_m)$ gravity, characterized by a non-minimal coupling between non-metricity and matter. The model is further tested against a combined set of observational data, including DESI DR2 BAO, previous BAO measurements, cosmic chronometers (CC), and gravitational-wave (GW) standard sirens, using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach. Further by incorporating the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) freeze-out constraint, we place stringent limits on the model parameters, ensuring consistency with early-Universe physics. The resulting constraints exhibit strong agreement with observations, with the model successfully describing the transition from decelerated to accelerated expansion. The evolution of the effective equation-of-state parameter, together with statefinder diagnostics and energy conditions, reveals a quintessence-like nature and confirms the physical viability of the model. Overall, the $f(Q,L_m)$ framework emerges as a viable alternative to $Λ$CDM, closely reproducing its predictions while allowing controlled deviations in the expansion history.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2026

Viability of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis in Some Generalized Horizon Entropies

In this work, we investigate the viability of some cosmological models derived from generalized horizon entropies, using Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) constraints. By analyzing the deviations in the expansion rate, we derive bounds on the model parameters from freeze-out temperature, helium, and deuterium abundances. Our results show that the freeze-out condition provides the most stringent constraint, while helium and deuterium bounds remain consistent across all models. Although lithium constraints are not satisfied, this discrepancy is attributed to the well-known cosmological lithium problem. Furthermore, the parameter values required for late-time cosmic acceleration are found to lie well within the BBN bounds, demonstrating consistency between early- and late-Universe behavior. These results establish the viability of the considered models within the framework of BBN.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2026

Dynamics of Late time cosmology in $f(Q,L_{m})$ Gravity with Constraints from DESI DR2 BAO Data

We investigate late-time cosmology in the context of modified $f(Q,L_m)$ gravity, considering a non-linear model$ f(Q,L_m) = αQ + βL_m^n + λ$ where, $α$, $β$, $λ$, and $n$ are some free parameters. The modified Friedmann equations are derived for a barotropic cosmic fluid, and an analytical solution for the Hubble parameter $H(z)$ is obtained. Using the latest DESI DR2 BAO data, previous BAO compilations (P-BAO), and cosmic chronometer (CC) datasets, we constrain the model parameters through a Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis. Our results show that the model successfully describes the observed late-time cosmic acceleration with slightly tighter constraints from the inclusion of DESI dataset. The present-day Hubble constant is determined as $H_0 \simeq 69.5\ \mathrm{km\ s^{-1}\ Mpc^{-1}}$, while the deceleration parameter confirms accelerated expansion with $q_0 \simeq -0.57$. The transition redshift, where the universe switches from deceleration to acceleration, occurs in the range $z_{\rm tr} \sim 0.56 - 0.77$. Similarly, a smooth and physically consistent transition from a matter-dominated decelerated period at high redshifts to an accelerated phase at late times is revealed by the evolution of $ω_{eff}(z)$. While statefinder diagnostic shows the model favours a Chaplygin gas like nature for DESI and DESI+CC, whereas the model favours as quintessence dominated evolution for P-BAO+CC in the late time regime. Conclusively, all these results along with the study of the energy conditions and stability analysis showcases the given $f(Q,L_m)$ model offers a viable alternative to GR-based cosmology

gr-qc↗

arXiv2025

Fractional Holographic Dark Energy Driven Reconstruction of $f(Q)$ Gravity and its Cosmological Implications

In order to explain the late-time acceleration of the Universe, we present a reconstructed version of the $f(Q)$ gravity theory in this work, which is inspired by the integrating the fractional holographic dark energy with the Hubble horizon as the infrared cutoff. This reconstructed $f(Q)$ gravity model shows a geometrically motivated dark energy component and naturally recovers General Relativity in the appropriate limit. The free parameters of the model are constrained using the latest DESI BAO data, previous BAO compilations (P-BAO), and cosmic chronometer (CC) datasets through a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analysis. The reconstructed Hubble parameter $H(z)$ exhibits excellent consistency with observational data, with high values of $R^2$ and low values of $χ^2_{\min}$, AIC, and BIC, confirming the model's strong statistical performance relative to $Λ$CDM. With current $q(0) \in [-0.40, -0.32]$ and a transition redshift $z_{\text{tr}} \sim 0.56$--$0.72$, the dynamical diagnostics show a smooth transition from a decelerated to an accelerated phase. While the $Om(z)$ diagnostic exhibits a negative slope, indicating that the model is not $Λ$CDM, the effective equation-of-state parameter $ω_{\text{eff}}(z)$ stays within the quintessence regime ($-1 < ω_{\text{eff}} < -1/3$). The analysis of classical energy conditions shows that the WEC, DEC, and NEC are satisfied throughout the cosmic evolution, with a violation of the SEC at lower-redshift, which is consistent with late-time acceleration. Linear homogeneous perturbation analysis further confirms the model's dynamical stability. Conclusively, the FHDE-inspired reconstructed $f(Q)$ gravity provides a stable, observationally compatible, and geometrically motivated alternative to $Λ$CDM, that successfully describes the late-time cosmic acceleration within the symmetric teleparallel framework.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2025

Viability Constraints on Baryogenesis in f (R, Lm, T) Gravity

Our study explores gravitational baryogenesis in the context of f(R, Lm, T) gravity, where R denotes the Ricci scalar, Lm represents the Lagrangian density of the matter field, and T stands for the metric contraction of T_{mu nu}. We focus on a linear model: f(R, Lm, T) = alpha R + beta Lm + gamma T, and examine the parameter constraints for a successful baryon asymmetry generation in four different eras of the cosmos under the assumption of a power-law cosmic expansion. The computed baryon-to-entropy ratio is found to be consistent with the observed order of asymmetry ratio, 9.42 x 10^-11. Furthermore, the study is extended to the generalized framework of gravitational baryogenesis, where the outcome shows strong agreement with the current observational data. Our findings indicate that the f(R, Lm, T) framework provides a compatible theoretical foundation for producing the observed matter imbalance of the cosmos, thereby emphasizing its potential significance in early-universe cosmology.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2025

New Agegraphic Dark Energy Driven Reconstruction of \boldmath{$f(Q)$} Gravity and its Cosmological Implications

In this work, we perform reconstruction of $ f(Q) $ gravity inspired by the New Agegraphic Dark Energy (NADE) model, aiming to account for the Universe's late time acceleration without invoking a cosmological constant. Utilizing a power law scale factor $ a(t) = a_0 t^h $, we derive an analytic form for $ f(Q) $ based on a correspondence with NADE, where the conformal time serves as the infrared cutoff. The resulting model naturally recovers General Relativity in the limit and exhibits a geometrically motivated dark energy component. We constrain the model parameters using recent Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) data from DESI DR2 BAO and previous BAO observations through the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analysis. The reconstructed Hubble parameter $ H(z) $ demonstrates excellent agreement with observational data, achieving high $ R^2 $ values and low $χ^2_{\min}$, AIC, and BIC scores, outperforming the standard $ Λ$CDM model. Further, we investigate the cosmological evolution using the deceleration parameter $ q(z) $, effective equation of state $ ω_{\mathrm{eff}}(z) $, and Om diagnostics. The model exhibits a clear transition from deceleration to acceleration with a present value $ q(0) \in \left[-0.5879, -0.3333\right] $ and transition redshift $z_{\mathrm{tr}} \sim 0.5209-0.8126$, while maintaining $ -1 < ω_{\mathrm{eff}}(z) < -1/3 $, indicating quintessence like behavior. Om diagnostics consistently show a negative slope, further confirming deviation from $ Λ$CDM. Energy condition analysis reveals that WEC, DEC, and NEC are satisfied, while SEC is violated only at low redshifts which is consistent with cosmic acceleration. Overall, the reconstructed $ f(Q) $ model provides a viable, observationally consistent, and theoretically motivated alternative to standard dark energy scenarios.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2025

Gravitational Baryogenesis Constraints on Nojiri-Odintsov $f(R)$ Gravity

This paper focuses on exploring the imbalance between matter and antimatter via the gravitational baryogenesis mechanism within the framework of Nojiri-Odintsov $f(R)$ gravity models in a spatially flat FLRW universe, where $R$ is the Ricci curvature scalar. This mechanism is based on $\mathcal{CP}$-violation generated via introducing an interaction between baryonic matter current ($J^μ$) and the derivative of curvature scalar ($\partial_μR$), which finally results in the baryon asymmetry. We examine three distinct $f(R)$ models: (i) $f(R)=\frac{-α}{R^m}+\frac{R}{2k^2}+βR^2$, (ii) $f(R)=αR^γ +βR^δ$ and (iii) $f(R)=\frac{αR^{2m}-βR^m}{1+γR^m} $. We demonstrate that even during the matter-dominated epoch of the universe, the $f(R)$ gravity models under consideration can yield a non-vanishing matter-antimatter asymmetry. We constrain the model parameters of each model within the scenario of gravitational baryogenesis to produce the observed value of the baryon-to-entropy ratio, providing a continuous set of acceptable physical values for those parameters. Our results show highly consistent agreement to the baryon-to-entropy ratio with the observational bound from the cosmological data.

gr-qc↗