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Kamil Kaleta

Publications and source records attributed to Kamil Kaleta.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

Typical long time behaviour of ground state-transformed jump processes

We consider a class of Lévy-type processes derived via a Doob-transform from Lévy processes conditioned by a control function called potential. These processes have position-dependent and generally unbounded components, with stationary distributions given by the ground states of the Lévy generators perturbed by the potential. We derive precise lower and upper envelopes for the almost sure long time behaviour of these ground state-transformed Lévy processes, characterized through escape rates and integral tests. We also highlight the role of the parameters by specific examples.

math.PR↗

Zero-energy bound state decay for non-local Schrödinger operators

We consider solutions of the eigenvalue equation at zero energy for a class of non-local Schrödinger operators with potentials decreasing to zero at infinity. Using a path integral approach, we obtain detailed results on the spatial decay of both $L^2$ and resonance solutions at infinity. We highlight the interplay of the kinetic term and the potential in these decay behaviours, and identify the decay mechanisms resulting from specific balances of global lifetimes with or without the potential.

math.FA↗

Reflected Brownian motion on simple nested fractals

We prove the existence of the reflected diffusion on a complex of an arbitrary size for a large class of planar simple nested fractals. Such a process is obtained as a folding projection of the free Brownian motion from the unbounded fractal. We give sharp necessary geometric conditions on the fractal under which this projection can be well defined. They are illustrated by various specific examples. We first construct a proper version of the transition probability densities for reflected process and we prove that it is a continuous, bounded and symmetric function which satisfies the Chapman-Kolmogorov equations. These provide us with further regularity properties of the reflected process such us Markov, Feller and strong Feller property

math.PR↗

Spatial asymptotics at infinity for heat kernels of integro-differential operators

We study a spatial asymptotic behaviour at infinity of kernels $p_t(x)$ for convolution semigroups of nonlocal pseudo-differential operators. We give general and sharp sufficient conditions under which the limits $$ \lim_{r \to \infty} \frac{p_t(rθ-y)}{t \, ν(rθ)}, \quad t \in T, \ \ θ\in E, \ \ y \in \mathbb R^d, $$ exist and can be effectively computed. Here $ν$ is the corresponding Lévy density, $T \subset (0,\infty)$ is a bounded time-set and $E$ is a subset of the unit sphere in $\mathbb R^d$, $d \geq 1$. Our results are local on the unit sphere. They apply to a wide class of convolution semigroups, including those corresponding to highly asymmetric (finite and infinite) Lévy measures. Key examples include fairly general families of stable, tempered stable, jump-diffusion and compound Poisson semigroups. A main emphasis is put on the semigroups with Lévy measures that are exponentially localized at infinity, for which our assumptions and results are strongly related to the existence of the multidimensional exponential moments. Here a key example is the evolution semigroup corresponding to the so-called quasi-relativistic Hamiltonian $\sqrt{-Δ+m^2} - m$, $m>0$. As a byproduct, we also obtain sharp two-sided estimates of the kernels $p_t$ in generalized cones, away from the origin.

math.AP↗

Fall-off of eigenfunctions for non-local Schrödinger operators with decaying potentials

We study the spatial decay of eigenfunctions of non-local Schrödinger operators whose kinetic terms are generators of symmetric jump-paring Lévy processes with Kato-class potentials decaying at infinity. This class of processes has the property that the intensity of single large jumps dominates the intensity of all multiple large jumps. We find that the decay rates of eigenfunctions depend on the process via specific preference rates in particular jump scenarios, and depend on the potential through the distance of the corresponding eigenvalue from the edge of the continuous spectrum. We prove that the conditions of the jump-paring class imply that for all eigenvalues the corresponding positive eigenfunctions decay at most as rapidly as the Lévy intensity. This condition is sharp in the sense that if the jump-paring property fails to hold, then eigenfunction decay becomes slower than the decay of the Lévy intensity. We furthermore prove that under reasonable conditions the Lévy intensity also governs the upper bounds of eigenfunctions, and ground states are comparable with it, i.e., two-sided bounds hold. As an interesting consequence, we identify a sharp regime change in the decay of eigenfunctions as the Lévy intensity is varied from sub-exponential to exponential order, and dependent on the location of the eigenvalue, in the sense that through the transition Lévy intensity-driven decay becomes slower than the rate of decay of Lévy intensity. Our approach is based on path integration and probabilistic potential theory techniques, and all results are also illustrated by specific examples.

math.PR↗

Transition in the decay rates of stationary distributions of Lévy motion in an energy landscape

The time evolution of random variables with Lévy statistics has the ability to develop jumps, displaying very different behaviors from continuously fluctuating cases. Such patterns appear in an ever broadening range of examples including random lasers, non-Gaussian kinetics or foraging strategies. The penalizing or reinforcing effect of the environment, however, has been little explored so far. We report a new phenomenon which manifests as a qualitative transition in the spatial decay behavior of the stationary measure of a jump process under an external potential, occurring on a combined change in the characteristics of the process and the lowest eigenvalue resulting from the effect of the potential. This also provides insight into the fundamental question of what is the mechanism of the spatial decay of a ground state.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

The quenched asymptotics for nonlocal Schrödinger operators with Poissonian potentials

We study the quenched long time behaviour of the survival probability up to time $t$, $\mathbf{E}_x\big[e^{-\int_0^t V^ω(X_s){\rm d}s}\big],$ of a symmetric Lévy process with jumps, under a sufficiently regular Poissonian random potential $V^ω$ on $\mathbb{R}^d$. Such a function is a probabilistic solution to the parabolic eq. involving the nonlocal Schrödinger operator based on the generator of $(X_t)_{t \geq 0}$ with potential $V^ω$. For a large class of processes and potentials, we determine rate functions $η(t)$ and positive constants $C_1, C_2$ such that \[-C_1 \leq \liminf_{t \to \infty} \frac{\log \mathbf{E}_x\big[{\rm e}^{-\int_0^t V^ω(X_s){\rm d}s}\big]}{η(t)} \leq \limsup_{t \to \infty} \frac{\log \mathbf{E}_x\big[{\rm e}^{-\int_0^t V^ω(X_s){\rm d}s}\big]}{η(t)} \leq -C_2, \] almost surely with respect to $ω$, for every fixed $x \in \mathbb{R}^d$. The functions $η(t)$ and the bounds $C_1, C_2$ heavily depend on the intensity of large jumps of the process. In particular, if its decay at infinity is `sufficiently fast', then we prove that $C_1=C_2$, i.e. the limit exists. Representative examples in this class are relativistic stable processes with Lévy-Khintchine exponents $ψ(ξ) = (|ξ|^2+m^{2/α})^{α/2}-m$, $α\in (0,2)$, $m>0$, for which \[\lim_{t \to \infty} \frac{\log \mathbf{E}_x\big[{\rm e}^{-\int_0^t V^ω(X_s)ds}\big]}{t/(\log t)^{2/d}} = \fracα{2} m^{1-\frac{2}α} \, \left(\frac{ρω_d}{d}\right)^{\frac{d}{2}} \, λ_1^{BM}(B(0,1)), \quad \mbox{for almost all $ω$,}\] where $λ_1^{BM}(B(0,1))$ is the principal eigenvalue of the Brownian motion in the unit ball, $ω_d$ is the Lebesgue measure of a unit ball and $ρ>0$ corresponds to $V^ω$. We also identify two interesting regime changes ('transitions') in the growth properties of $η(t)$

math.PR↗

Contractivity and ground state domination properties for non-local Schrödinger operators

We study supercontractivity and hypercontractivity of Markov semigroups obtained via ground state transformation of non-local Schrödinger operators based on generators of symmetric jump-paring Lévy processes with Kato-class confining potentials. This class of processes has the property that the intensity of single large jumps dominates the intensity of all multiple large jumps, and the related operators include pseudo-differential operators of interest in mathematical physics. We refine these contractivity properties by the concept of $L^p$-ground state domination and its asymptotic version, and derive sharp necessary and sufficient conditions for their validity in terms of the behaviour of the Lévy density and the potential at infinity. As a consequence, we obtain for a large subclass of confining potentials that, on the one hand, supercontractivity and ultracontractivity, on the other hand, hypercontractivity and asymptotic ultracontractivity of the transformed semigroup are equivalent properties. This is in stark contrast to classical Schrödinger operators, for which all these properties are known to be different.

math.PR↗

Asymptotic estimate of eigenvalues of pseudo-differential operators in an interval

We prove a two-term Weyl-type asymptotic law, with error term O(1/n), for the eigenvalues of the operator psi(-Delta) in an interval, with zero exterior condition, for complete Bernstein functions psi such that x psi'(x) converges to infinity as x goes to infinity. This extends previous results obtained by the authors for the fractional Laplace operator (psi(x) = x^{alpha/2}) and for the Klein-Gordon square root operator (psi(x) = (1+x^2)^{1/2} - 1). The formula for the eigenvalues in (-a,a) is of the form lambda_n = psi(mu_n^2) + O(1/n), where mu_n is the solution of mu_n = (n pi)/(2 a) - theta(mu_n)/a, and theta(mu) is given as an integral involving psi.

math.SP↗

Small time sharp bounds for kernels of convolution semigroups

We study small time bounds for transition densities of convolution semigroups corresponding to pure jump Lévy processes in $\mathbb{R}^{d}$, $d \geq 1$, including those with jumping kernels exponentially and subexponentially localized at infinity. For a large class of Lévy measures, non-necessarily symmetric nor absolutely continuous with respect to the Lebesgue measure, we find the optimal, both in time and space, upper bound for the corresponding transition kernels at infinity. In case of Lévy measures that are symmetric and absolutely continuous, with densities $g$ such that $g(x) \asymp f(|x|)$ for nonincreasing profile functions $f$, we also prove the full characterization of the sharp two-sided transition densities bounds of the form $$ p_t(x) \asymp h(t)^{-d} \cdot \mathbf{1}_{\left\{|x|\leq θh(t)\right\}} + t \, g(x) \cdot \mathbf{1}_{\left\{|x| \geq θh(t)\right\}}, \quad t \in (0,t_0), \ \ t_0>0, \ \ x \in \mathbb{R}^{d}. $$ This is done for small and large $x$ separately. Mainly, our argument is based on new precise upper bounds for convolutions of Lévy measures. Our investigations lead to an interesting and surprising dichotomy of the decay properties at infinity for transition kernels of pure jump Lévy processes. All results are obtained solely by analytic methods, without use of probabilistic arguments.

math.PR↗

Pointwise eigenfunction estimates and intrinsic ultracontractivity-type properties of Feynman-Kac semigroups for a class of Lévy processes

We introduce a class of Lévy processes subject to specific regularity conditions, and consider their Feynman-Kac semigroups given under a Kato-class potential. Using new techniques, first we analyze the rate of decay of eigenfunctions at infinity. We prove bounds on $λ$-subaveraging functions, from which we derive two-sided sharp pointwise estimates on the ground state, and obtain upper bounds on all other eigenfunctions. Next, by using these results, we analyze intrinsic ultracontractivity and related properties of the semigroup refining them by the concept of ground state domination and asymptotic versions. We establish the relationships of these properties, derive sharp necessary and sufficient conditions for their validity in terms of the behavior of the Lévy density and the potential at infinity, define the concept of borderline potential for the asymptotic properties and give probabilistic and variational characterizations. These results are amply illustrated by key examples.

math.PR↗

Lifschitz singularity for subordinate Brownian motions in presence of the Poissonian potential on the Sierpiński gasket

We establish the Lifschitz-type singularity around the bottom of the spectrum for the integrated density of states for a class of subordinate Brownian motions in presence of the nonnegative Poissonian random potentials, possibly of infinite range, on the Sierpiński gasket. We also study the long-time behaviour for the corresponding averaged Feynman-Kac functionals.

math.PR↗

One-dimensional quasi-relativistic particle in the box

Two-term Weyl-type asymptotic law for the eigenvalues of one-dimensional quasi-relativistic Hamiltonian (-h^2 c^2 d^2/dx^2 + m^2 c^4)^(1/2) + V_well(x) (the Klein-Gordon square-root operator with electrostatic potential) with the infinite square well potential V_well(x) is given: the n-th eigenvalue is equal to (n pi/2 - pi/8) h c/a + O(1/n), where 2a is the width of the potential well. Simplicity of eigenvalues is proved. Some L^2 and L^infinity properties of eigenfunctions are also studied. Eigenvalues represent energies of a `massive particle in the box' quasi-relativistic model.

math-ph↗

Fractional $P(ϕ)_1$-processes and Gibbs measures

We define and prove existence of fractional $P(ϕ)_1$-processes as random processes generated by fractional Schrödinger semigroups with Kato-decomposable potentials. Also, we show that the measure of such a process is a Gibbs measure with respect to the same potential. We give conditions of its uniqueness and characterize its support relating this with intrinsic ultracontractivity properties of the semigroup and the fall-off of the ground state. To achieve that we establish and analyze these properties first.

math.PR↗

Spectral gap lower bound for the one-dimensional fractional Schrödinger operator in the interval

We prove the uniform lower bound for the difference $λ_2 - λ_1$ between first two eigenvalues of the fractional Schrödinger operator, which is related to the Feynman-Kac semigroup of the symmetric $α$-stable process killed upon leaving open interval $(a,b) \in \R $ with symmetric differentiable single-well potential $V$ in the interval $(a,b)$, $α\in (1,2)$. "Uniform" means that the positive constant appearing in our estimate $λ_2 - λ_1 \geq C_α (b-a)^{-α}$ is independent of the potential $V$. In general case of $α\in (0,2)$, we also find uniform lower bound for the difference $λ_{*} - λ_1$, where $λ_{*}$ denotes the smallest eigenvalue related to the antisymmetric eigenfunction $ϕ_{*}$. We discuss some properties of the corresponding ground state eigenfunction $ϕ_1$. In particular, we show that it is symmetric and unimodal in the interval $(a,b)$. One of our key argument used in proving the spectral gap lower bound is some integral inequality which is known to be a consequence of the Garsia-Rodemich-Rumsey-Lemma.

math.PR↗