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Kangbo Ouyang

Publications and source records attributed to Kangbo Ouyang.

7 recordsLinked to original sources

Fractal transference principles for subsets of $\mathbb{N}^d$ of positive density

We establish a multidimensional fractal transference principle for digit-restricted sets associated with subsets of $\mathbb{N}^d$, extending the one-dimensional framework of Nakajima--Takahasi (Adv. Math., 2025). We develop general Hausdorff-dimension tools via the singular value potential $ϕ^s(\mathbf a)$ and the multivariate Dirichlet series $ζ_S(\boldsymbolσ) =\sum_{\mathbf a\in S}\prod_{j=1}^d a_j^{-σ_j}$. Let $s_\ast:=\inf\{0<s\le d:\sum_{\mathbf a\in S}ϕ^s(\mathbf a)<\infty\}$ and $Λ_S:=\inf\{σ_1+\cdots+σ_d:ζ_S(\boldsymbolσ)<\infty\}$. We obtain $\dim_H(\mathcal E_S)\le s_\ast$, where $\mathcal E_S\subset((0,1)\setminus\mathbb{Q})^d$ denotes the set of points whose continued-fraction digit vectors lie in $S$ and whose coordinates escape (i.e.\ $a_n(x_j)\to\infty$ for each $j$), and $s_\ast=\tfrac12Λ_S$ for uniformly $K$--balanced $S$. If $S\subset\mathbb{N}^d$ has positive upper density, the transference theorem constructs a set $E_S\subset\mathcal E_{\mathbb N^d}^{\mathrm{vec}}$ with $\dim_H E_S=d/2$; in the positive upper Banach density case we can construct $F_S\subset\mathcal E_{\mathbb N^d}^{\mathrm{vec}}$ with $\dim_H F_S=d/2$. In both cases the common digit set recovers the corresponding density of $S$. On the combinatorial side, the transference principle ensures that translation-invariant configurations forced at positive density, including multidimensional Szemerédi patterns, persist inside the induced fractal digit sets.

math.DS

Connectedness of polynomial diagonal orbit closures for minimal nilrotations and applications

For a minimal nilrotation on a compact connected nilmanifold, we prove that the polynomial diagonal orbit closure associated with any finite family of polynomials with integer coefficients vanishing at the origin is connected. This resolves a conjecture of Glasscock, Koutsogiannis, Le, Moreira, Richter, and Robertson. Combined with their equivalence theorem, our result yields polynomial multiple recurrence in every prescribed residue class in topological dynamics, provided that the corresponding power of the transformation is minimal. Furthermore, we independently establish the measure-theoretic counterpart of this recurrence phenomenon. Finally, we construct a totally minimal nilsystem for which the lower central series identity proposed by Leibman fails.

math.DS

Maximal pattern complexity and structure of null systems

A compact metrizable system is null if its topological sequence entropy vanishes along every sequence of times. We prove that nullness is equivalent to polynomial maximal pattern complexity for every finite open cover, while equicontinuity is equivalent to sublinear maximal pattern complexity. The first characterization is obtained from finite fat-shattering at every positive scale and polynomial empirical covering of orbit-distance classes. We also construct transitive nonminimal null systems with properties excluded in the minimal setting: one is uniformly rigid and has two fixed points, and another is two-scattering. These results settle several long-standing open problems from the literature on polynomial maximal pattern growth and on the structure of transitive nonminimal null systems.

math.DS

Zero-Threshold Discrepancies for Multiple Correlation Sequences

We study the zero-threshold lifting problem for polynomial multiple correlation sequences with respect to the measure-theoretic pro-nilfactor. The structure theory for polynomial multiple averages implies that, at every positive threshold, positivity on the pro-nilfactor lifts to positivity in the original system, except on a set of zero upper Banach density. We demonstrate that this lifting property does not hold at the zero threshold. Specifically, we construct an ergodic system and two sets of positive measure for which the pro-nilfactor correlation is positive along a set of times with positive upper density, while the corresponding exact correlation vanishes on this set. This provides a negative answer to a question posed by Glasscock, Koutsogiannis, Le, Moreira, Richter, and Robertson. %\cite{GKLMMRR}. Additionally, we prove a corresponding rigidity property. For any ergodic system, any essentially distinct family of integer polynomials vanishing at the origin, and any tuple of non-negative bounded functions, the zero-threshold discrepancy set is not piecewise syndetic.

math.DS

Bohr obstructions to recurrence along Hardy-field sequences

We construct Bohr obstructions to multiple recurrence along rounded Hardy-field sequences, showing that the real derivative-span criterion of Bergelson, Moreira, and Richter is essentially sharp and answering two of their questions. For $E\subseteq\mathbb N$ and $u:\mathbb N\to\mathbb Z$, set $R_{u}(E):=\{n\in\mathbb N:E\cap(E-u(n))\neq\varnothing\}$. We prove that, if $f_1,\dots,f_k$ are functions of polynomial growth from a Hardy field and some real linear combination of $f_1,\dots,f_k$ and their derivatives has a nonzero finite limit, then there exist $M\in\mathbb N$ and a basic Bohr set $E\subseteq\mathbb N$ such that $\bigcap_{i=1}^k R_{[Mf_i]}(E)$ is not thick. In particular, for some Bohr set $E$, the set $R_{[t^{3/2}]}(E)\cap R_{[\sqrt{2}t^{3/2}+t]}(E)$ is piecewise syndetic but not thick. We also prove that, if for some $λ_1,\dots,λ_k\in\mathbb{R}$ we have $$\inf_{x\geq 1}\left\|\sum_{i}λ_if_i(x)\right\|_{\mathbb{T}}>\frac{1}{2} \sum_i|λ_i|,$$ then $\bigcap_i R_{[f_i]}(E)=\varnothing$ for some basic Bohr set $E$. More generally, our results apply with $[\cdot]$ replaced by any rounding function $ρ:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{Z}$ satisfying $\sup_{x\in\mathbb{R}}|ρ(x)-x|<\infty$.

math.NT

Minimal PI-systems with all points are multiply minimal

We construct a minimal subshift \((X^{*},σ)\) that serves as an open proximal extension of its maximal equicontinuous factor. We establish that every point in this subshift is multiply recurrent minimal. This work solves an open problem raised by Huang, Shao and Ye regarding the existence of minimal PI-systems such that each point is multiply minimal.

math.DS

CF-Nil systems and convergence of two-dimensional ergodic averages

A topological dynamical system $(X,T)$ is called CF-Nil($k$) if it is strictly ergodic and the maximal measurable and maximal topological $k$-step pro-nilfactors coincide as measure preserving systems. Through constructing specific ``CF-Nil'' models, we prove that for any ergodic system $(X,\mathcal{X},μ,T)$, any nilsequence $\{ψ(m,n)\}_{m,n\in\mathbb{Z}}$ and any $f_1,\dots,f_d\in L^{\infty}(μ)$, the averages \begin{equation*} \dfrac{1}{N^{2}} \sum_{m,n=0}^{N-1} ψ(m,n)\prod_{j=1}^{d}f_{j}(T^{m+jn}x) \end{equation*} converge pointwise as $N$ goes to infinity. Moreover, we show the $L^2$-convergence of a certain two-dimensional averages for non-commuting transformations without zero entropy condition.

math.DS