arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Karl H. Hofmann.
The aim of this note is to insert in the literature some easy but apparently not widely known facts about morphisms of locally compact groups, all of which are concerned with the openness of the morphism.
The notion of conditional coproduct of a family of abelian pro-Lie groups in the category of abelian pro-Lie groups is introduced. It is shown that the cartesian product of an arbitrary family of abelian pro-Lie groups can be characterized by the universal property of the conditional coproduct.
We study universal enveloping Hopf algebras of Lie algebras in the category of weakly complete vector spaces over the real and complex field.
Locally compact abelian groups are classified in which the sum of any two closed subgroups is itself closed. This amounts to reproving and extending results by Yu.~N.~Mukhin from 1970. Namely we contribute a complete classification of all totally disconnected \lca\ groups with $X+Y$ closed for any closed subgroups $X$ and $Y$.
The class of locally compact near abelian groups is introduced and investigated as a class of metabelian groups formalizing and applying the concept of scalar multiplication. The structure of locally compact near abelian groups and its close connections to prime number theory are discussed and elucidated by graph theoretical tools. These investigations require a thorough reviewing and extension to present circumstances of various aspects of the general theory of locally compact groups such as -the Chabauty space of closed subgroups with its natural compact Hausdorff topology, -a very general Sylow subgroup theory for periodic groups including their Hall systems, -the scalar automorphisms of locally compact abelian groups, -the theory of products of closed subgroups and their relation to semidirect products, and -inductively monothetic groups are introduced and classified. As applications, firstly, a complete classification is given of locally compact topologically quasihamiltonian groups, which has been initiated by F. Kümmich, and, secondly, Yu. Mukhin's classification of locally compact topologically modular groups is retrieved and further illuminated.
Let $G$ be a locally compact topological group, $G_0$ the connected component of its identity element, and comp(G) the union of all compact subgroups. A topological group will be called inductively monothetic if any subgroup generated (as a topological group) by finitely many elements is generated (as a topological group) by a single element. The space SUB(G) of all closed subgroups of $G$ carries a compact Hausdorff topology called the Chabauty topology. Let $F_1(G)$, respectively, $R_1(G)$, denote the subspace of all discrete subgroups isomorphic to $\mathbb Z$, respectively, all subgroups isomorphic to $\mathbb R$. It is shown that a necessary and sufficient condition for $G\in\overline{F_1(G)}$ to hold is that $G$ is abelian, and either that $G\cong \mathbb R\times {\rm comp}(G)$ and $G/G_0$ is inductively monothetic, or else that $G$ is discrete and isomorphic to a subgroup of $\mathbb Q$. It is further shown that a necessary and sufficient condition for $G\in\overline{R_1(G)}$ to hold is that $G\cong\mathbb R\times C$ for a compact connected abelian group $C$.
A topological group is called a pro-Lie group if it is isomorphic to a closed subgroup of a product of finite-dimensional real Lie groups. This class of groups is closed under the formation of arbitrary products and closed subgroups and forms a complete category. It includes each finite-dimensional Lie group, each locally compact group which has a compact quotient group modulo its identity component and thus, in particular, each compact and each connected locally compact group; it also includes all locally compact abelian groups. This paper provides an overview of the structure theory and Lie theory of pro-Lie groups including results more recent than those in the authors' reference book on pro-Lie groups. Significantly, it also includes a review of the recent insight that weakly complete unital algebras provide a natural habitat for both pro-Lie algebras and pro-Lie groups, indeed for the exponential function which links the two. (A topological vector space is weakly complete if it is isomorphic to a power $\R^X$ of an arbitrary set of copies of $\R$. This class of real vector spaces is at the basis of the Lie theory of pro-Lie groups.) The article also lists 12 open questions connected with pro-Lie groups.
In 1985 S.~Saeki and K.~Stromberg published the following question: {\it Does every infinite compact group have a subgroup which is not Haar measurable?} An affirmative answer is given for all compact groups with the exception of some metric profinite groups known as strongly complete. In this spirit it is also shown that every compact group contains a non-Borel subgroup.
Suppose that $X=G/K$ is the quotient of a locally compact group by a closed subgroup. If $X$ is locally contractible and connected, we prove that $X$ is a manifold. If the $G$-action is faithful, then $G$ is a Lie group.
We show that a compact group $G$ has finite conjugacy classes, i.e., is an FC-group if and only if its center $Z(G)$ is open if and only if its commutator subgroup $G'$ is finite. Let $d(G)$ denote the Haar measure of the set of all pairs $(x,y)$ in $G \times G$ for which $[x,y] = 1$; this, formally, is the probability that two randomly picked elements commute. We prove that $d(G)$ is always rational and that it is positive if and only if $G$ is an extension of an FC-group by a finite group. This entails that $G$ is abelian by finite. The proofs involve measure theory, transformation groups, Lie theory of arbitrary compact groups, and representation theory of compact groups. Examples and references to the history of the discussion are given at the end of the paper.
Let $G$ be an infinite locally compact group and $\aleph$ a cardinal satisfying $\aleph_0\le\aleph\le w(G)$ for the weight $w(G)$ of $G$. It is shown that there is a closed subgroup $N$ of $G$ with $w(N)=\aleph$. Sample consequences are: (1) Every infinite compact group contains an infinite closed metric subgroup. (2) For a locally compact group $G$ and $\aleph$ a cardinal satisfying $\aleph_0\le\aleph\le \lw(G)$, where $\lw(G)$ is the local weight of $G$, there are either no infinite compact subgroups at all or there is a compact subgroup $N$ of $G$ with $w(N)=\aleph$. (3) For an infinite abelian group $G$ there exists a properly ascending family of locally quasiconvex group topologies on $G$, say, $(τ_\aleph)_{\aleph_0\le \aleph\le \card(G)}$, such that $(G,τ_\aleph)\hat{\phantom{m}}\cong\hat G$. Items (2) and (3) are shown in Section 5.
We contribute some information towards finding a general algorithm for constructing, for a given profinite group, $G$, a compact connected space, $X$, such that the full homeomorphism group, $H(X)$, with the compact-open topology is isomorphic to $G$ as a topological group. It is proposed that one should find a compact topological oriented graph $Γ$ such that $G\cong Aut(Γ)$. The replacement of the edges of $Γ$ by rigid continua should work as is exemplified in various instances where discrete graphs were used. It is shown here that the strategy can be implemented for profinite monothetic groups $G$.
We answer a question raised by V.G.Pestov in the affirmative.