Kerr Soliton Generation in Ultra-Compact Photonic Devices
Chip-based nonlinear photonics offer the capability to integrate devices with all the requisite photonic components (e.g., filters, couplers, detectors) into highly compact form factors. This offers the possibility of making the devices scalable, robust, and manufacturable. Such integrated photonic devices will enable applications in optical communications, precision metrology, microwave generation, and LIDAR. However, thermal instabilities represent a major hurdle in the deterministic operation of nonlinear optical processes in such integrated resonant structures such as microresonators. In this work we demonstrate deterministic and highly stable Kerr soliton comb generation in tight-spiral microresonators with comb spacings as low as 16 GHz. We perform a comprehensive experimentally-validated thermal model of such compact microresonators and reveal non-trivial thermally-driven instabilities governing the cavity soliton dynamics. We design and implement a fast feedback loop on the devices to overcome thermal perturbations and stabilize cavity-soliton states, including those that are otherwise unstable, and to allow for controlled transitions between the soliton states. Our approach enables the realization of thermally-stable highly compact soliton microcomb devices in a wide variety of photonic platforms.