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Kathryn Hess

Publications and source records attributed to Kathryn Hess.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
arXiv2017

Pore-geometry recognition: on the importance of quantifying similarity in nanoporous materials

In most applications of nanoporous materials the pore structure is as important as the chemical composition as a determinant of performance. For example, one can alter performance in applications like carbon capture or methane storage by orders of magnitude by only modifying the pore structure (1,2). For these applications it is therefore important to identify the optimal pore geometry and use this information to find similar materials. However, the mathematical language and tools to identify materials with similar pore structures, but different composition, has been lacking. Here we develop a pore recognition approach to quantify similarity of pore structures and classify them using topological data analysis (3,4). Our approach allows us to identify materials with similar pore geometries, and to screen for materials that are similar to given top-performing structures. Using methane storage as a case study, we also show that materials can be divided into topologically distinct classes -- and that each class requires different optimization strategies. In this work we have focused on pore space, but our topological approach can be generalised to quantify similarity of any geometric object, which, given the many different Materials Genomics initiatives (5,6), opens many interesting avenues for big-data science.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗
arXiv2016

Motivic Homotopical Galois Extensions

We establish a formal framework for Rognes's homotopical Galois theory and adapt it to the context of motivic spaces and spectra. We discuss examples of Galois extensions between Eilenberg-MacLane motivic spectra and between the Hermitian and algebraic K-theory spectra.

math.AT↗
arXiv2016

Quantifying topological invariants of neuronal morphologies

Nervous systems are characterized by neurons displaying a diversity of morphological shapes. Traditionally, different shapes have been qualitatively described based on visual inspection and quantitatively described based on morphometric parameters. Neither process provides a solid foundation for categorizing the various morphologies, a problem that is important in many fields. We propose a stable topological measure as a standardized descriptor for any tree-like morphology, which encodes its skeletal branching anatomy. More specifically it is a barcode of the branching tree as determined by a spherical filtration centered at the root or neuronal soma. This Topological Morphology Descriptor (TMD) allows for the discrimination of groups of random and neuronal trees at linear computational cost.

q-bio.NC↗
arXiv2016

Topological analysis of the connectome of digital reconstructions of neural microcircuits

A recent publication provides the network graph for a neocortical microcircuit comprising 8 million connections between 31,000 neurons (H. Markram, et al., Reconstruction and simulation of neocortical microcircuitry, Cell, 163 (2015) no. 2, 456-492). Since traditional graph-theoretical methods may not be sufficient to understand the immense complexity of such a biological network, we explored whether methods from algebraic topology could provide a new perspective on its structural and functional organization. Structural topological analysis revealed that directed graphs representing connectivity among neurons in the microcircuit deviated significantly from different varieties of randomized graph. In particular, the directed graphs contained in the order of $10^7$ simplices Ð groups of neurons with all-to-all directed connectivity. Some of these simplices contained up to 8 neurons, making them the most extreme neuronal clustering motif ever reported. Functional topological analysis of simulated neuronal activity in the microcircuit revealed novel spatio-temporal metrics that provide an effective classification of functional responses to qualitatively different stimuli. This study represents the first algebraic topological analysis of structural connectomics and connectomics-based spatio-temporal activity in a biologically realistic neural microcircuit. The methods used in the study show promise for more general applications in network science.

q-bio.NC↗
arXiv2016

Waldhausen K-theory of spaces via comodules

Let $X$ be a simplicial set. We construct a novel adjunction between the categories of retractive spaces over $X$ and of $X_{+}$-comodules, then apply recent work on left-induced model category structures (arXiv:1401.3651v2 [math.AT],arXiv:1509.08154 [math.AT]) to establish the existence of a left proper, simplicial model category structure on the category of $X_+$-comodules, with respect to which the adjunction is a Quillen equivalence after localization with respect to some generalized homology theory. We show moreover that this model category structure stabilizes, giving rise to a model category structure on the category of $Σ^\infty X_{+}$-comodule spectra. The Waldhausen $K$-theory of $X$, $A(X)$, is thus naturally weakly equivalent to the Waldhausen $K$-theory of the category of homotopically finite $Σ^\infty X_{+}$-comodule spectra, with weak equivalences given by twisted homology. For $X$ simply connected, we exhibit explicit, natural weak equivalences between the $K$-theory of this category and that of the category of homotopically finite $Σ^{\infty}(ΩX)_+$-modules, a more familiar model for $A(X)$. For $X$ not necessarily simply connected, we have localized versions of these results. For $H$ a simplicial monoid, the category of $Σ^{\infty}H_{+}$-comodule algebras admits an induced model structure, providing a setting for defining homotopy coinvariants of the coaction of $Σ^{\infty}H_{+}$ on a $Σ^{\infty}H_{+}$-comodule algebra, which is essential for homotopic Hopf-Galois extensions of ring spectra as originally defined by Rognes in arXiv:math/0502183v2} and generalized in arXiv:0902.3393v2 [math.AT]. An algebraic analogue of this was only recently developed, and then only over a field (arXiv:1401.3651v2 [math.AT]).

math.AT↗
arXiv2016

Homotopical Morita theory for corings

A coring (A,C) consists of an algebra A and a coalgebra C in the monoidal category of A-bimodules. Corings and their comodules arise naturally in the study of Hopf-Galois extensions and descent theory, as well as in the study of Hopf algebroids. In this paper, we address the question of when two corings in a symmetric monoidal model category V are homotopically Morita equivalent, i.e., when their respective categories of comodules are Quillen equivalent. The category of comodules over the trivial coring (A,A) is isomorphic to the category of A-modules, so the question above englobes that of when two algebras are homotopically Morita equivalent. We discuss this special case in the first part of the paper, extending previously known results. To approach the general question, we introduce the notion of a 'braided bimodule' and show that adjunctions between A-Mod and B-Mod that lift to adjunctions between (A,C)-Comod and (B,D)-Comod correspond precisely to braided bimodules between (A,C) and (B,D). We then give criteria, in terms of homotopic descent, for when a braided bimodule induces a Quillen equivalence. In particular, we obtain criteria for when a morphism of corings induces a Quillen equivalence, providing a homotopic generalization of results by Hovey and Strickland on Morita equivalences of Hopf algebroids. To illustrate the general theory, we examine homotopical Morita theory for corings in the category of chain complexes over a commutative ring.

math.AT↗
arXiv2016

Homotopic Hopf-Galois extensions revisited

In this article we revisit the theory of homotopic Hopf-Galois extensions introduced in arXiv:0902.3393v2 [math.AT], in light of the homotopical Morita theory of comodules established in arXiv:1411.6517 [math.AT]. We generalize the theory to a relative framework, which we believe is new even in the classical context and which is essential for treating the Hopf-Galois correspondence in forthcoming work of the second author and Karpova. We study in detail homotopic Hopf-Galois extensions of differential graded algebras over a commutative ring, for which we establish a descent-type characterization analogous to the one Rognes provided in the context of ring spectra. An interesting feature in the differential graded setting is the close relationship between homotopic Hopf-Galois theory and Koszul duality theory. We show that nice enough principal fibrations of simplicial sets give rise to homotopic Hopf-Galois extensions in the differential graded setting, for which this Koszul duality has a familiar form.

math.AT↗
arXiv2014

Left-induced model structures and diagram categories

We prove existence results a la Jeff Smith for left-induced model category structures, of which the injective model structure on a diagram category is an important example. We further develop the notions of fibrant generation and Postnikov presentation from Hess, which are dual to a weak form of cofibrant generation and cellular presentation. As examples, for k a field and H a differential graded Hopf algebra over k, we produce a left-induced model structure on augmented H-comodule algebras and show that the category of bounded below chain complexes of finite-dimensional k-vector spaces has a Postnikov presentation. To conclude, we investigate the fibrant generation of (generalized) Reedy categories. In passing, we also consider cofibrant generation, cellular presentation, and the small object argument for Reedy diagrams.

math.AT↗
arXiv2013

The homotopy theory of coalgebras over a comonad

Let K be a comonad on a model category M. We provide conditions under which the associated category of K-coalgebras admits a model category structure such that the forgetful functor to M creates both cofibrations and weak equivalences. We provide concrete examples that satisfy our conditions and are relevant in descent theory and in the theory of Hopf-Galois extensions. These examples are specific instances of the following categories of comodules over a coring. For any semihereditary commutative ring R, let A be a dg R-algebra that is homologically simply connected. Let V be an A-coring that is semifree as a left A-module on a degreewise R-free, homologically simply connected graded module of finite type. We show that there is a model category structure on the category of right A-modules satisfying the conditions of our existence theorem with respect to the comonad given by tensoring over A with V and conclude that the category of V-comodules in the category of right A-modules admits a model category structure of the desired type. Finally, under extra conditions on R, A, and V, we describe fibrant replacements in this category of comodules in terms of a generalized cobar construction.

math.AT↗
arXiv2013

Homotopy completion and topological Quillen homology of structured ring spectra

Working in the context of symmetric spectra, we describe and study a homotopy completion tower for algebras and left modules over operads in the category of modules over a commutative ring spectrum (e.g., structured ring spectra). We prove a strong convergence theorem that for 0-connected algebras and modules over a (-1)-connected operad, the homotopy completion tower interpolates (in a strong sense) between topological Quillen homology and the identity functor. By systematically exploiting strong convergence, we prove several theorems concerning the topological Quillen homology of algebras and modules over operads. These include a theorem relating finiteness properties of topological Quillen homology groups and homotopy groups that can be thought of as a spectral algebra analog of Serre's finiteness theorem for spaces and H.R. Miller's boundedness result for simplicial commutative rings (but in reverse form). We also prove absolute and relative Hurewicz theorems and a corresponding Whitehead theorem for topological Quillen homology. Furthermore, we prove a rigidification theorem, which we use to describe completion with respect to topological Quillen homology (or TQ-completion). The TQ-completion construction can be thought of as a spectral algebra analog of Sullivan's localization and completion of spaces, Bousfield-Kan's completion of spaces with respect to homology, and Carlsson's and Arone-Kankaanrinta's completion and localization of spaces with respect to stable homotopy. We prove analogous results for algebras and left modules over operads in unbounded chain complexes.

math.AT↗
arXiv2011

Normal and conormal maps in homotopy theory

Let M be a monoidal category endowed with a distinguished class of weak equivalences and with appropriately compatible classifying bundles for monoids and comonoids. We define and study homotopy-invariant notions of normality for maps of monoids and of conormality for maps of comonoids in M. These notions generalize both principal bundles and crossed modules and are preserved by nice enough monoidal functors, such as the normaliized chain complex functor. We provide several explicit classes of examples of homotopy-normal and of homotopy-conormal maps, when M is the category of simplicial sets or the category of chain complexes over a commutative ring.

math.AT↗
arXiv2011

Multiplicative structure in equivariant cohomology

We introduce the notion of a strongly homotopy-comultiplicative resolution of a module coalgebra over a chain Hopf algebra, which we apply to proving a comultiplicative enrichment of a well-known theorem of Moore concerning the homology of quotient spaces of group actions. The importance of our enriched version of Moore's theorem lies in its application to the construction of useful cochain algebra models for computing multiplicative structure in equivariant cohomology. In the special cases of homotopy orbits of circle actions on spaces and of group actions on simplicial sets, we obtain small, explicit cochain algebra models that we describe in detail.

math.AT↗
arXiv2011

Power maps in algebra and topology

Given any twisting cochain t:C -->A, where C is a connected, coaugmented chain coalgebra and A is an augmented chain algebra over an arbitrary PID R, we construct a twisted extension of chain complexes A --> H(t) --> C. We show that both the well-known Hochschild complex of an associative algebra and the coHochschild complex of a coassociative coalgebra are special cases of H(t), which we therefore call the Hochschild complex of t. We explore the extent of the naturality of the Hochschild complex construction and apply the results of this exploration to determining conditions under which H(t) admits multiplicative or comultiplicative structure. In particular, we show that the Hochschild complex on a chain Hopf algebra always admits a natural comultiplication. Furthermore, when A is a chain Hopf algebra, we determine conditions under which H(t) admits an rth-power map extending the usual rth-power map on A and lifting the identity on C. As special cases, we obtain that both the Hochschild complex of any cocommutative Hopf algebra and the coHochschild complex of the normalized chain complex of a double suspension admit power maps. We show moreover that if K is a double suspension, then the power map on the coHochschild complex of the normalized chain complex of K is a model of the topological power map on the space of free loops on the realization of K, illustrating the topological relevance of our algebraic construction.

math.AT↗
arXiv2010

Twisting structures and strongly homotopy morphisms

In an application of the notion of twisting structures introduced by Hess and Lack, we define twisted composition products of symmetric sequences of chain complexes that are degreewise projective and finitely generated. Let Q be a cooperad and let BP be the bar construction on the operad P. To each morphism of cooperads g from Q to BP is associated a P-co-ring, K(g), which generalizes the two-sided Koszul and bar constructions. When the co-unit from K(g) to P is a quasi-isomorphism, we show that the Kleisli category for K(g) is isomorphic to the category of P-algebras and of their morphisms up to strong homotopy, and we give the classifying morphisms for both strict and homotopy P-algebras. Parametrized morphisms of (co)associative chain (co)algebras up to strong homotopy are also introduced and studied, and a general existence theorem is proved. In the appendix, we study the particular case of the two-sided Koszul resolution of the associative operad.

math.AT↗
arXiv2010

Long knots and maps between operads

We identify the space of tangentially straightened long knots in R^m, for m greater than or equal to 4, as the double loops on the space of derived operad maps from the associative operad into a version of the little m-disk operad. This verifies a conjecture of Kontsevich, Lambrechts, and Turchin.

math.AT↗