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Kay Kirkpatrick

Publications and source records attributed to Kay Kirkpatrick.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2022

Phase Transition for Discrete Non Linear Schr\"odinger Equation in Three and Higher Dimensions

We analyze the thermodynamics of the focusing discrete nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation in dimensions $d\ge 3$ with general nonlinearity $p>1$ and under a model with two parameters, representing inverse temperature and strength of the nonlinearity, respectively. We prove the existence of limiting free energy and analyze the phase diagram for general $d,p$. We also prove the existence of a continuous phase transition curve that divides the parametric plane into two regions involving the appearance or non-appearance of solitons. Appropriate upper and lower bounds for the curve are constructed. We also look at the typical behavior of a function chosen from the Gibbs measure for certain parts of the phase diagram.

math.AP↗
arXiv2021

Analysis of Bose-Einstein condensation times for self-interacting scalar dark matter

We investigate the condensation time of self-interacting axion-like particles in a gravitational well, extending the prior work [arXiv:2007.07438] which showed that the Wigner formalism is a good analytic approach to describe a condensing scalar field. In the present work, we use this formalism to affirm that $\phi^4$ self-interactions will take longer than necessary to support the time scales associated with structure formation, making gravity a necessary part of the process to bring axion dark matter into a solitonic form. Here we show that when the axions' virial velocity is taken into account, the time scale associated with self-interactions will scale as $\lambda^2$. This is consistent with recent numerical estimates, and it confirms that the Wigner formalism described in prior work~\cite{Relax} is a helpful analytic framework to check computational work for potential numerical artifacts.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2020

A large deviation principle in many-body quantum dynamics

We consider the many-body quantum evolution of a factorized initial data, in the mean-field regime. We show that fluctuations around the limiting Hartree dynamics satisfy large deviation estimates, that are consistent with central limit theorems that have been established in the last years.

math-ph↗
arXiv2020

Relaxation times for Bose-Einstein condensation in axion miniclusters

We study the Bose condensation of scalar dark matter in the presence of both gravitational and self-interactions. Axions and other scalar dark matter in gravitationally bound miniclusters or dark matter halos are expected to condense into Bose-Einstein condensates called Bose stars. This process has been shown to occur through attractive self-interactions of the axion-like particles or through the field's self gravitation. We show that in the high-occupancy regime of scalar dark matter, the Boltzmann collision integral does not describe either gravitaitonal or self-interactions, and derive kinetic equations valid for these interactions. We use this formalism to compute relaxation times for the Bose-Einstein condensation, and find that condensation into Bose stars could occur within the lifetime of the universe. The self-interactions reduce the condensation time only when they are very strong.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2018

Transport of a quantum particle in a time-dependent white-noise potential

We show that a quantum particle in $\mathbb{R}^d$, for $d \geq 1$, subject to a white-noise potential, moves super-ballistically in the sense that the mean square displacement $\int \|x\|^2 \langle \rho(x,x,t) \rangle ~dx$ grows like $t^{3}$ in any dimension. The white noise potential is Gaussian distributed with an arbitrary spatial correlation function and a delta correlation function in time. This is a known result in one dimension (see refs. Fischer, Leschke, M\"uller and Javannar, Kumar}. The energy of the system is also shown to increase linearly in time. We also prove that for the same white-noise potential model on the lattice $\mathbb{Z}^d$, for $d \geq 1$, the mean square displacement is diffusive growing like $t^{1}$. This behavior on the lattice is consistent with the diffusive behavior observed for similar models in the lattice $\mathbb{Z}^d$ with a time-dependent Markovian potential (see ref. Kang, Schenker).

math-ph↗
arXiv2018

Limiting Behaviors of High Dimensional Stochastic Spin Ensembles

Lattice spin models in statistical physics are used to understand magnetism. Their Hamiltonians are a discrete form of a version of a Dirichlet energy, signifying a relationship to the Harmonic map heat flow equation. The Gibbs distribution, defined with this Hamiltonian, is used in the Metropolis-Hastings (M-H) algorithm to generate dynamics tending towards an equilibrium state. In the limiting situation when the inverse temperature is large, we establish the relationship between the discrete M-H dynamics and the continuous Harmonic map heat flow associated with the Hamiltonian. We show the convergence of the M-H dynamics to the Harmonic map heat flow equation in two steps: First, with fixed lattice size and proper choice of proposal size in one M-H step, the M-H dynamics acts as gradient descent and will be shown to converge to a system of Langevin stochastic differential equations (SDE). Second, with proper scaling of the inverse temperature in the Gibbs distribution and taking the lattice size to infinity, it will be shown that this SDE system converges to the deterministic Harmonic map heat flow equation. Our results are not unexpected, but show remarkable connections between the M-H steps and the SDE Stratonovich formulation, as well as reveal trajectory-wise out of equilibrium dynamics to be related to a canonical PDE system with geometric constraints.

math.PR↗
arXiv2016

Critical behavior of mean-field XY and related models

We discuss spin models on complete graphs in the mean-field (infinite-vertex) limit, especially the classical XY model, the Toy model of the Higgs sector, and related generalizations. We present a number of results coming from the theory of large deviations and Stein's method, in particular, Cram\'er and Sanov-type results, limit theorems with rates of convergence, and phase transition behavior for these models.

math-ph↗
arXiv2016

Asymptotics of mean-field $O(N)$ models

We study mean-field classical $N$-vector models, for integers $N\ge 2$. We use the theory of large deviations and Stein's method to study the total spin and its typical behavior, specifically obtaining non-normal limit theorems at the critical temperatures and central limit theorems away from criticality. Important special cases of these models are the XY ($N=2$) model of superconductors, the Heisenberg ($N=3$) model (previously studied in \cite{KM} but with a correction to the critical distribution here), and the Toy ($N=4$) model of the Higgs sector in particle physics.

math-ph↗
arXiv2015

Quantum groups and generalized circular elements

We show that with respect to the Haar state, the joint distributions of the generators of Van Daele and Wang's free orthogonal quantum groups are modeled by free families of generalized circular elements and semicircular elements in the large (quantum) dimension limit. We also show that this class of quantum groups acts naturally as distributional symmetries of almost-periodic free Araki-Woods factors.

math.OA↗
arXiv2012

Asymptotics of the mean-field Heisenberg model

We consider the mean-field classical Heisenberg model and obtain detailed information about the total spin of the system by studying the model on a complete graph and sending the number of vertices to infinity. In particular, we obtain Cramer- and Sanov-type large deviations principles for the total spin and the empirical spin distribution and demonstrate a second-order phase transition in the Gibbs measures. We also study the asymptotics of the total spin throughout the phase transition using Stein's method, proving central limit theorems in the sub- and supercritical phases and a nonnormal limit theorem at the critical temperature.

math-ph↗
arXiv2012

Optimal State-Space Reduction for Pedigree Hidden Markov Models

To analyze whole-genome genetic data inherited in families, the likelihood is typically obtained from a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) having a state space of 2^n hidden states where n is the number of meioses or edges in the pedigree. There have been several attempts to speed up this calculation by reducing the state-space of the HMM. One of these methods has been automated in a calculation that is more efficient than the naive HMM calculation; however, that method treats a special case and the efficiency gain is available for only those rare pedigrees containing long chains of single-child lineages. The other existing state-space reduction method treats the general case, but the existing algorithm has super-exponential running time. We present three formulations of the state-space reduction problem, two dealing with groups and one with partitions. One of these problems, the maximum isometry group problem was discussed in detail by Browning and Browning. We show that for pedigrees, all three of these problems have identical solutions. Furthermore, we are able to prove the uniqueness of the solution using the algorithm that we introduce. This algorithm leverages the insight provided by the equivalence between the partition and group formulations of the problem to quickly find the optimal state-space reduction for general pedigrees. We propose a new likelihood calculation which is a two-stage process: find the optimal state-space, then run the HMM forward-backward algorithm on the optimal state-space. In comparison with the one-stage HMM calculation, this new method more quickly calculates the exact pedigree likelihood.

math.PR↗
arXiv2011

A Central Limit Theorem in Many-Body Quantum Dynamics

We study the many body quantum evolution of bosonic systems in the mean field limit. The dynamics is known to be well approximated by the Hartree equation. So far, the available results have the form of a law of large numbers. In this paper we go one step further and we show that the fluctuations around the Hartree evolution satisfy a central limit theorem. Interestingly, the variance of the limiting Gaussian distribution is determined by a time-dependent Bogoliubov transformation describing the dynamics of initial coherent states in a Fock space representation of the system.

math-ph↗
arXiv2011

Solitons and Gibbs measures for nonlinear Schroedinger equations

We review some recent results concerning Gibbs measures for nonlinear Schroedinger equations (NLS), with implications for the theory of the NLS, including stability and typicality of solitary wave structures. In particular, we discuss the Gibbs measures of the discrete NLS in three dimensions, where there is a striking phase transition to soliton-like behavior.

math.AP↗
arXiv2011

On the continuum limit for discrete NLS with long-range lattice interactions

We consider a general class of discrete nonlinear Schroedinger equations (DNLS) on the lattice $h \mathbb{Z}$ with mesh size $h>0$. In the continuum limit when $h \to 0$, we prove that the limiting dynamics are given by a nonlinear Schroedinger equation (NLS) on $\mathbb{R}$ with the fractional Laplacian $(-\Delta)^\alpha$ as dispersive symbol. In particular, we obtain that fractional powers $1/2 < \alpha < 1$ arise from long-range lattice interactions when passing to the continuum limit, whereas NLS with the non-fractional Laplacian $-\Delta$ describes the dispersion in the continuum limit for short-range lattice interactions (e.g., nearest-neighbor interactions). Our results rigorously justify certain NLS model equations with fractional Laplacians proposed in the physics literature. Moreover, the arguments given in our paper can be also applied to discuss the continuum limit for other lattice systems with long-range interactions.

math.AP↗
arXiv2009

Rigorous derivation of the Landau equation in the weak coupling limit

We examine a family of microscopic models of plasmas, with a parameter $α$ comparing the typical distance between collisions to the strength of the grazing collisions. These microscopic models converge in distribution, in the weak coupling limit, to a velocity diffusion described by the linear Landau equation (also known as the Fokker-Planck equation). The present work extends and unifies previous results that handled the extremes of the parameter $α$, for the whole range (0, 1/2], by showing that clusters of overlapping obstacles are negligible in the limit. Additionally, we study the diffusion coefficient of the Landau equation and show it to be independent of the parameter.

math-ph↗
arXiv2009

Derivation of the two dimensional nonlinear Schrodinger equation from many body quantum dynamics

We derive rigorously, for both R^2 and [-L, L]^2, the cubic nonlinear Schrodinger equation in a suitable scaling limit from the two-dimensional many-body Bose systems with short-scale repulsive pair interactions. We first prove convergence of the solution of the BBGKY hierarchy, corresponding to the many-body systems, to a solution of the infinite Gross-Pitaevskii hierarchy, corresponding to the cubic NLS; and then we prove uniqueness for the infinite hierarchy, which requires number-theoretical techniques in the periodic case.

math-ph↗
arXiv2007

Ordered involutive operator spaces

This is a companion to recent papers of the authors; here we construct the `noncommutative Shilov boundary' of a (possibly nonunital) selfadjoint ordered space of Hilbert space operators. The morphisms in the universal property of the boundary preserve order. As an application, we consider `maximal' and `minimal' unitizations of such ordered operator spaces.

math.OA↗