A Linear-Time Algorithm for Product Structure in Planar Graphs
The \emph{Product Structure Theorem} for planar graphs (Dujmović et al.\ \emph{JACM}, \textbf{67}(4):22) states that any planar graph is contained in the strong product of a planar $3$-tree, a path, and a $3$-cycle. We give a simple linear-time algorithm for finding this partition as well as several related partitions. This improves on the previous $O(n\log n)$ time algorithm for finding this partition (Morin.\ \emph{Algorithmica}, \textbf{85}(5):1544--1558). The algorithm is practical; we provide open-source C and C++ implementations that, even on modest hardware, can process graphs with millions of vertices in a matter of seconds.
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