arXiv subjects

Kayla Duskin

Publications and source records attributed to Kayla Duskin.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

The Prosocial Ranking Challenge: Reducing Polarization on Social Media without Sacrificing Engagement

We report the first direct comparisons of multiple alternative social media algorithms on multiple platforms on outcomes of societal interest. We used a browser extension to modify which posts were shown to desktop social media users, randomly assigning 9,386 users to a control group or one of five alternative ranking algorithms which simultaneously altered content across three platforms for six months during the US 2024 presidential election. This reduced our preregistered index of affective polarization by an average of 0.03 standard deviations (p < 0.05), including a 1.5 degree decrease in differences between the 100 point inparty and outparty feeling thermometers. We saw reductions in active use time for Facebook (-0.37 min/day) and Reddit (-0.2 min/day), but an increase of 0.32 min/day (p < 0.01) for X/Twitter. We saw an increase in reports of negative social media experiences but found no effects on well-being, news knowledge, outgroup empathy, perceptions of and support for partisan violence. This implies that bridging content can improve some societal outcomes without necessarily conflicting with the engagement-driven business model of social media.

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arXiv2025

Rabble-Rousers in the New King's Court: Algorithmic Effects on Account Visibility in Pre-X Twitter

Algorithmic effects on social media platforms have come under recent scrutiny, with several studies reporting that right-leaning accounts tend to receive more exposure. In this paper, we expand upon this body of work using data collected from user feeds after Twitter's change of ownership but before its re-branding to X. We replicate findings from prior work regarding the increased exposure of right-leaning accounts to wider audiences in algorithmically curated compared to reverse-chronological feeds, and, crucially, we further unpack this effect to illuminate what correlated (and did not correlate) with these differences. Our results reveal that right-leaning accounts benefited not necessarily due to their political affiliation, but likely because they behaved in ways associated with algorithmic rewards; namely, posting more agitating content and receiving attention from the platform's owner, Elon Musk, who was the most central network account. We also demonstrate that legacy-verified accounts, like businesses and government officials, received less exposure in the algorithmic feed compared to non-verified or Twitter Blue-verified accounts. We discuss implications of these findings for the intersection between behavioral incentives for algorithmic reach and the health of online discourse.

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arXiv2025

The Role of Follow Networks and Twitter's Content Recommender on Partisan Skew and Rumor Exposure during the 2022 U.S. Midterm Election

Social media platforms shape users' experiences through the algorithmic systems they deploy. In this study, we examine to what extent Twitter's content recommender, in conjunction with a user's social network, impacts the topic, political skew, and reliability of information served on the platform during a high-stakes election. We utilize automated accounts to document Twitter's algorithmically curated and reverse chronological timelines throughout the U.S. 2022 midterm election. We find that the algorithmic timeline measurably influences exposure to election content, partisan skew, and the prevalence of low-quality information and election rumors. Critically, these impacts are mediated by the partisan makeup of one's personal social network, which often exerts greater influence than the algorithm alone. We find that the algorithmic feed decreases the proportion of election content shown to left-leaning accounts, and that it skews content toward right-leaning sources when compared to the reverse chronological feed. We additionally find evidence that the algorithmic system increases the prevalence of election-related rumors for right-leaning accounts, and has mixed effects on the prevalence of low-quality information sources. Our work provides insight into the outcomes of Twitter's complex recommender system at a crucial time period before controversial changes to the platform and in the midst of nationwide elections and highlights the need for ongoing study of algorithmic systems and their role in democratic processes.

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arXiv2024

Political Fact-Checking Efforts are Constrained by Deficiencies in Coverage, Speed, and Reach

Fact-checking has been promoted as a key method for combating political misinformation. Comparing the spread of election-related misinformation narratives along with their relevant political fact-checks, this study provides the most comprehensive assessment to date of the real-world limitations faced by political fact-checking efforts. To examine barriers to impact, this study extends recent work from laboratory and experimental settings to the wider online information ecosystem present during the 2022 U.S. midterm elections. From analyses conducted within this context, we find that fact-checks as currently developed and distributed are severely inhibited in election contexts by constraints on their i. coverage, ii. speed, and, iii. reach. Specifically, we provide evidence that fewer than half of all prominent election-related misinformation narratives were fact-checked. Within the subset of fact-checked claims, we find that the median fact-check was released a full four days after the initial appearance of a narrative. Using network analysis to estimate user partisanship and dynamics of information spread, we additionally find evidence that fact-checks make up less than 1.2\% of narrative conversations and that even when shared, fact-checks are nearly always shared within,rather than between, partisan communities. Furthermore, we provide empirical evidence which runs contrary to the assumption that misinformation moderation is politically biased against the political right. In full, through this assessment of the real-world influence of political fact-checking efforts, our findings underscore how limitations in coverage, speed, and reach necessitate further examination of the potential use of fact-checks as the primary method for combating the spread of political misinformation.

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arXiv2024

ElectionRumors2022: A Dataset of Election Rumors on Twitter During the 2022 US Midterms

Understanding the spread of online rumors is a pressing societal challenge and an active area of research across domains. In the context of the 2022 U.S. midterm elections, one influential social media platform for sharing information -- including rumors that may be false, misleading, or unsubstantiated -- was Twitter (now renamed X). To increase understanding of the dynamics of online rumors about elections, we present and analyze a dataset of 1.81 million Twitter posts corresponding to 135 distinct rumors which spread online during the midterm election season (September 5 to December 1, 2022). We describe how this data was collected, compiled, and supplemented, and provide a series of exploratory analyses along with comparisons to a previously-published dataset on 2020 election rumors. We also conduct a mixed-methods analysis of three distinct rumors about the election in Arizona, a particularly prominent focus of 2022 election rumoring. Finally, we provide a set of potential future directions for how this dataset could be used to facilitate future research into online rumors, misinformation, and disinformation.

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arXiv2024

Echo Chambers in the Age of Algorithms: An Audit of Twitter's Friend Recommender System

The presence of political misinformation and ideological echo chambers on social media platforms is concerning given the important role that these sites play in the public's exposure to news and current events. Algorithmic systems employed on these platforms are presumed to play a role in these phenomena, but little is known about their mechanisms and effects. In this work, we conduct an algorithmic audit of Twitter's Who-To-Follow friend recommendation system, the first empirical audit that investigates the impact of this algorithm in-situ. We create automated Twitter accounts that initially follow left and right affiliated U.S. politicians during the 2022 U.S. midterm elections and then grow their information networks using the platform's recommender system. We pair the experiment with an observational study of Twitter users who already follow the same politicians. Broadly, we find that while following the recommendation algorithm leads accounts into dense and reciprocal neighborhoods that structurally resemble echo chambers, the recommender also results in less political homogeneity of a user's network compared to accounts growing their networks through social endorsement. Furthermore, accounts that exclusively followed users recommended by the algorithm had fewer opportunities to encounter content centered on false or misleading election narratives compared to choosing friends based on social endorsement.

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