Separation of Charge Instability and Lattice Symmetry Breaking in an Organic Ferroelectric
We investigate the charge and lattice states in a quasi-one-dimensional organic ferroelectric material, TTF-QCl$_{4}$, under pressures of up to 35 kbar by nuclear quadrupole resonance experiments. The results reveal a global pressure-temperature phase diagram, which spans the electronic and ionic regimes of ferroelectric transitions, which have so far been studied separately, in a single material. The revealed phase diagram clearly shows that the charge-transfer instability and the lattice symmetry breaking, which coincide in the electronic ferroelectric regime at low pressures, bifurcate at a certain pressure, leading to the conventional ferroelectric regime. The present results reveal that the crossover from electronic to ionic ferroelectricity occurs through the separation of charge and lattice instabilities.