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Kenneth J. Dykema

Publications and source records attributed to Kenneth J. Dykema.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2025

Classifying minimal vanishing sums of roots of unity

A vanishing sum of roots of unity is called minimal if no proper, nonempty sub-sum of it vanishes. This paper classifies all minimal vanishing sums of roots of unity of weight at most 16 by hand, thereby uncovering new phenomena beyond the earlier 1998 classification of Poonen and Rubinstein (SIAM J. Discrete Math.) that went up to weight 12. The paper also develops an algorithm to explore higher weights up to 21, yielding a conjectural extension of the classification.

math.NT↗
arXiv2016

Instances of the Kaplansky-Lvov multilinear conjecture for polynomials of degree three

Given a positive integer d, the Kaplansky-Lvov conjecture states that the set of values of a multilinear noncommutative polynomial f on the matrix algebra M_d(C) is a vector subspace. In this article the technique of using one-wiggle families of Sylvester's clock-and-shift matrices is championed to establish the conjecture for polynomials f of degree three when d is even or d<17.

math.RA↗
arXiv2016

Generating functions for purely crossing partitions

The generating function for the number of purely crossing partitions of {1,...,n} is found in terms of the generating function for Bell numbers. Further results about generating functions for asymptotic moments of certain random Vandermonde matrices are derived.

math.CO↗
arXiv2015

Principal functions for bi-free central limit distributions

We find the principal function of the completely non-normal operator l(v_1)+l(v_1)^*+i(r(v_2)+r(v_2)^*) on a subspace of the full Fock space F(H) which arises from a bi-free central limit distribution. As an application, we find the essential spectrum of this operator.

math.OA↗
arXiv2014

The simplex of tracial quantum symmetric states

We show that the space of tracial quantum symmetric states of an arbitrary unital C*-algebra is a Choquet simplex and is a face of the tracial state space of the universal unital C*-algebra free product of A with itself infinitely many times. We also show that the extreme points of this simplex are dense, making it the Poulsen simplex when A is separable and nontrivial. In the course of the proof we characterize the centers of certain tracial amalgamated free product C*-algebras.

math.OA↗
arXiv2014

Quantum symmetric states on free product C*-algebras

We introduce symmetric states and quantum symmetric states on universal unital free product C*-algebras an arbitrary unital C*-algebra A with itself infinitely many times, as a generalization of the notions of exchangeable and quantum exchangeable random variables. We prove existence of conditional expectations onto tail algebras in various settings and we define a natural C*-subalgebra of the tail algebra, called the tail C*-algebra. Extending and building on the proof of the noncommutative de Finetti theorem of Koestler and Speicher, we prove a de Finetti type theorem that characterizes quantum symmetric states in terms of amalgamated free products over the tail C*-algebra, and we provide a convenient description of the set of all quantum symmetric states on the free product C*-algebra in terms of C*-algebras generated by homomorphic images of A and the tail C*-algebra. This description allows a characterization of the extreme quantum symmetric states. Similar results are proved for the subset of tracial quantum symmetric states, though in terms of von Neumann algebras and normal conditional expectations. The central quantum symmetric states are those for which the tail algebra is in the center of the von Neumann algebra, and we show that the central quantum symmetric states form a Choquet simplex whose extreme points are the free product states, while the tracial central quantum symmetric states form a Choquet simplex whose extreme points are the free product traces.

math.OA↗
arXiv2012

Tail algebras of quantum exchangeable random variables

We show that any countably generated von Neumann algebra with specified normal faithful state can arise as the tail algebra of a quantum exchangeable sequence of noncommutative random variables. We also characterize the cases when the state corresponds to a limit of convex combinations of free products states.

math.OA↗
arXiv2010

Sum--of--squares results for polynomials related to the Bessis--Moussa--Villani conjecture

We show that the polynomial S_{m,k}(A,B), that is the sum of all words in noncommuting variables A and B having length m and exactly k letters equal to B, is not equal to a sum of commutators and Hermitian squares in the algebra R where X^2=A and Y^2=B, for all even values of m and k with 6 <= k <= m-10, and also for (m,k)=(12,6). This leaves only the case (m,k)=(16,8) open. This topic is of interest in connection with the Lieb--Seiringer formulation of the Bessis--Moussa--Villani conjecture, which asks whether the trace of S_{m,k}(A,B)) is nonnegative for all positive semidefinite matrices A and B. These results eliminate the possibility of using "descent + sum-of-squares" to prove the BMV conjecture. We also show that S_{m,4}(A,B) is equal to a sum of commutators and Hermitian squares in R when m is even and not a multiple of 4, which implies that the trace of S_{m,4}(A,B) is nonnegative for all Hermitian matrices A and B, for these values of m.

math.RA↗
arXiv2007

Free Entropy Dimension in Amalgamated Free Products

We calculate the microstates free entropy dimension of natural generators in an amalgamated free product of certain von Neumann algebras, with amalgamation over a hyperfinite subalgebra. In particular, some `exotic' Popa algebra generators of free group factors are shown to have the expected free entropy dimension. We also show that microstates and non--microstates free entropy dimension agree for generating sets of many groups. In the appendix by Wolfgang Lueck, the first L^2-Betti number for certain amalgamated free products of groups is calculated.

math.OA↗
arXiv2005

On the S-transform over a Banach algebra

The S-transform is shown to satisfy a specific twisted multiplicativity property for free random variables in a B-valued Banach noncommutative probability space, for an arbitrary unital complex Banach algebra B. Also, a new proof of the additivity of the R-transform in this setting is given.

math.OA↗
arXiv2003

The completely bounded approximation property for extended Cuntz-Pimsner algebras

The extended Cuntz-Pimsner algebra E(H), introduced by Pimsner, is constructed from a Hilbert B,B-bimodule H over a C*-algebra B. In this paper we investigate the Haagerup invariant Λ(.) for these algebras, the main result being that Λ(E(H))=Λ(B) when H is full over B. In particular, E(H) has the completely bounded approximation property if and only if the same is true for B.

math.OA↗
arXiv2002

Popa algebras in free group factors

For each 1<s<\infty, a Popa algebra A_s is constructed that embeds as a weakly dense C*-subalgebra of the interpolated free group factor L(F_s). Certain approximation properties for A_s are shown. It follows that L(F_s) has the weak expectation property of Lance with respect to A_s. In the course of the demonstration, it is proved that under certain conditions, full amalgamated free products of matrix algebras are residually finite dimensional.

math.OA↗
arXiv1997

Spectral characterization of sums of commutators II

For countably generated ideals, $\Jc$, of $B(\Hil)$, geometric stability is necessary for the canonical spectral characterization of sums of $(\Jc,B(\Hil))$--commutators to hold. This answers a question raised by Dykema, Figiel, Weiss and Wodzicki. There are some ideals, $\Jc$, having quasi--nilpotent elements that are not sums of $(\Jc,B(\Hil))$--commutators. Also, every trace on every geometrically stable ideal is a spectral trace.

math.FA↗
arXiv1997

Simplicity and the stable rank of some free product C*-algebras

A necessary and sufficient condition for the simplicity of the C*-algebra reduced free product of finite dimensional abelian algebras is found, and it is proved that the stable rank of every such free product is 1. Related results about other reduced free products of C*-algebras are proved.

funct-an↗
arXiv1997

Projections in free product C*-algebras

Consider the reduced free product of C*-algebras, (A,ϕ)=(A_1,ϕ_1)*(A_2,ϕ_2), with respect to states ϕ_1 and ϕ_2 that are faithful. If ϕ_1 and ϕ_2 are traces, if the so-called Avitzour conditions are satisfied, (i.e. A_1 and A_2 are not ``too small'' in a specific sense) and if A_1 and A_2 are nuclear, then it is shown that the positive cone of the K_0-group of A consists of those elements g in K_0(A) for which g=0 or K_0(ϕ)(g)>0. Thus, the ordered group K_0(A) is weakly unperforated. If, on the other hand, ϕ_1 or ϕ_2 is not a trace and if a certain condition weaker than the Avitzour conditions hold, then A is properly infinite.

funct-an↗
arXiv1996

Free products of finite dimensional and other von Neumann algebras with respect to non-tracial states

The von Neumann algebra free product of arbitary finite dimensional von Neumann algebras with respect to arbitrary faithful states, at least one of which is not a trace, is found to be a type~III factor possibly direct sum a finite dimensional algebra. The free product state on the type~III factor is what we call an extremal almost periodic state, and has centralizer isomorphic to $L(\freeF_\infty)$. This allows further classification the type~III factor and provides another construction of full type~III$_1$ factors having arbitrary $\Sd$~invariant of Connes. The free products considered in this paper are not limited to free products of finite dimensional algebras, but can be of a quite general form.

funct-an↗