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Kevin Michael Frick

Publications and source records attributed to Kevin Michael Frick.

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Estimating Government Worker Skills

We propose a new approach to estimate government worker skills, a setting where output is hard to observe and wages may be uninformative about skills. The approach uses wages in comparable jobs in the private sector and machine learning tools to link skills to skill-related observables. We apply the approach to rich Indonesian household-level panel data from 1988-2014, showing two main applications. First, government skills have continuously declined relative to the private sector, driven by the most skilled workers ending up in the private sector. Second, the Indonesian government pays a wage premium of 43% conditional on skills.

econ.GN

Convergence to collusion in algorithmic pricing

Artificial intelligence algorithms are increasingly used by firms to set prices. Previous research shows that they can exhibit collusive behaviour, but how quickly they can do so has so far remained an open question. I show that a modern deep reinforcement learning model deployed to price goods in a repeated oligopolistic competition game with continuous prices converges to a collusive outcome in an amount of time that matches empirical observations, under reasonable assumptions on the length of a time step. This model shows cooperative behaviour supported by reward-punishment schemes that discourage deviations.

econ.GN