arXiv subjects

Khellil Sefiane

Publications and source records attributed to Khellil Sefiane.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Translation dynamics of evaporating sessile binary-mixture droplet populations

The translation dynamics of two binary mixture droplets is investigated theoretically and is corroborated with experiments. The proposed model accounts for the effects of Marangoni stresses generated by evaporative cooling and concentration gradients, as well as vapour diffusion, for both components of the binary mixture. We consider thin droplets, allowing us to use the lubrication theory to derive the evolution equation for the droplet profiles. We numerically solve the evolution equations using the finite element method and examine various cases of pure and binary droplet pairs exhibiting translational behaviours like attraction, repulsion, and 'chasing'. The results show that the combined effect of solutal Marangoni, capillary effect, and thermal Marangoni determines the movement of the droplets. The non-uniform evaporation generated from 'vapour shielding' creates such effects. We observe that for droplets with the same initial composition, solutal Marangoni and capillary forces induce droplet attraction, while thermal Marangoni effects drive their repulsion. For droplets with different initial compositions, the drop with a higher concentration of the more volatile component pushes, or `chases', the drop with a lower initial concentration of this component, completely driven by the solutal Marangoni. We carried out experiments involving water-morpholine binary mixture droplets to validate the results predicted by our model.

physics.flu-dyn↗

arXiv2025

Simultaneous evaporation and imbibition of a droplet on a flooded porous substrate

A mathematical model for the evolution of, and deposition from, a thin particle-laden droplet on an infinitely thick, isotropic, flooded, porous substrate with interconnected pores undergoing simultaneous evaporation and imbibition is formulated and analysed. In particular, analytical expressions for the evolution of the droplet, as well as for the flow within the droplet and the substrate, and for the transport and deposition onto the substrate of the particles are obtained for droplets evolving in four different modes. While the physical mechanisms driving evaporation and imbibition are rather different, perhaps rather unexpectedly, it is found that there are a number of qualitative and quantitative similarities as well as differences in the resulting behaviour of the droplet as it loses mass to its environment. For example, it is shown that a droplet undergoing pure imbibition in the constant contact radius mode never completely imbibes, but if it evaporates (either with or without imbibition also occurring) then it has a finite lifetime, and increasing the strength of evaporation and/or imbibition shortens its lifetime. It is also shown that in the regime in which diffusion of particles is faster than axial advection but slower than radial advection of particles, the final deposit of particles left behind on the substrate after the droplet has completely evaporated and/or imbibed is independent of both the nature and the strength of the physical mechanism(s) driving the mass loss from the droplet. Not only are these results of theoretical interest, but they are also relevant to a wide variety of practical applications, including ink-jet printing, DNA chip manufacturing, and disease diagnostics, that would benefit from an improved ability to predict and/or control the final deposit pattern from a droplet undergoing simultaneous evaporation and imbibition.

physics.flu-dyn↗

arXiv2024

The interplay between topography and contact line pinning mechanisms on flat and superhydrophobic surfaces

Wettability of a surface depends on both surface chemistry and topography. To move a three-phase contact line, a de-pinning force needs to be applied, which is of practical importance in various applications. However, a unified understanding and description of the de-pinning force on both flat and superhydrophobic surfaces is still lacking. This study aims to bridge the existing gap in our understanding of the three-phase contact line pinning on flat and microstructured superhydrophobic surfaces. The findings indicate that a general model, based on two different pinning mechanisms, can describe the pinning force on both flat and microstructured surfaces. We compare the general model against experimental data from literature, as well as our experiments on flat and microstructured surfaces coated with a liquid-like layer of grafted polymer chains. While this theoretical framework can be useful for designing micro-engineered surfaces on which the contact line behaviour is important, it also provides a potential experimental strategy to distinguish the contribution of defects from that of molecular re-orientation to contact line pinning on a given solid material.

physics.flu-dyn↗

arXiv2011

Drying and deposition of poly(ethylene oxide) droplets determined by Péclet number

We report results of a detailed experimental investigation into the drying of sessile droplets of aqueous poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) polymer solutions under various experimental conditions. Samples are prepared with a range of initial concentrations c_0 and are filtered to remove traces of undissolved PEO clusters. In typical experiments, droplets with initial volumes between 5\muL and 50\muL are left to evaporate while temperature and relative humidity are monitored. Droplets either form a disk-like solid "puddle" or a tall conical "pillar". The droplet mass is monitored using a microbalance and the droplet profile is recorded regularly using a digital camera. Subsequent processing of the data allows values of droplet volume V, surface area A, base radius R, contact angle θ and height h to be determined throughout drying. From this data we identify four stages during pillar formation: pinned drying; pseudo-dewetting; bootstrap building; solid contraction and propose physical models to explain key aspects of each stage and to predict the transition from each stage to the next. The experimental parameters of relative humidity, temperature, pressure, droplet volume and initial contact angle are all systematically varied and observed to influence the drying process and consequently whether the droplet forms a pillar or a puddle. We combine these parameters into a dimensionless Péclet number Pe, which compares the relative effects of evaporation and diffusion, and show that the drying behaviour is only dependent on c_0 and Pe.

cond-mat.soft↗