arXiv subjects

Kilian Oberleithner

Publications and source records attributed to Kilian Oberleithner.

22 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2016

Transient evolution of the global mode in turbulent swirling jets: experiments and modal stability analysis

Modal linear stability analysis has proven very successful in the analysis of coherent structures of turbulent flows. Formally, it describes the evolution of a disturbance in the limit of infinite time. In this work we apply modal linear stability analysis to a turbulent swirling jet undergoing a control parameter transient. The flow undergoes a transition from a non-vortex breakdown state to a state with a strong recirculation bubble and the associated global mode. High-speed Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements are the basis for a local linear stability analysis of the temporarily evolving base flow. This analysis reveals that the onset of the global mode is strongly linked to the formation of the internal stagnation point. Several transition scenarios are discussed and the ability of a frequency selection criterion to predict the wavemaker location, frequency and growth rate of the global mode are evaluated. We find excellent agreement between the linear global mode frequency and the experimental results throughout the entire transient. The corresponding growth rate qualitatively conforms to experimental observations. We find no indication for a nonlinear global mode as proposed by previous studies.

physics.flu-dyn↗

arXiv2016

An assessment of turbulence models for linear hydrodynamic stability analysis of strongly swirling jets

Linear stability analysis has proven to be a useful tool in the analysis of dominant coherent structures, such as the von Kármán vortex street and the global spiral mode associated with the vortex breakdown of swirling jets. In recent years, linear stability analysis has been applied successfully to turbulent time-mean flows, instead of laminar base-flows, \textcolor{black}{which requires turbulent models that account for the interaction of the turbulent field with the coherent structures. To retain the stability equations of laminar flows, the Boussinesq approximation with a spatially nonuniform but isotropic eddy viscosity is typically employed. In this work we assess the applicability of this concept to turbulent strongly swirling jets, a class of flows that is particularly unsuited for isotropic eddy viscosity models. Indeed we find that unsteady RANS simulations only match with experiments with a Reynolds stress model that accounts for an anisotropic eddy viscosity. However, linear stability analysis of the mean flow is shown to accurately predict the global mode growth rate and frequency if the employed isotropic eddy viscosity represents a least-squares approximation of the anisotropic eddy viscosity. Viscosities derived from the $k-ε$ model did not achieve a good prediction of the mean flow nor did they allow for accurate stability calculations. We conclude from this study that linear stability analysis can be accurate for flows with strongly anisotropic turbulent viscosity and the capability of the Boussinesq approximation in terms of URANS-based mean flow prediction is not a prerequisite.

physics.flu-dyn↗

arXiv2015

Spectral proper orthogonal decomposition

The identification of coherent structures from experimental or numerical data is an essential task when conducting research in fluid dynamics. This typically involves the construction of an empirical mode base that appropriately captures the dominant flow structures. The most prominent candidates are the energy-ranked proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and the frequency ranked Fourier decomposition and dynamic mode decomposition (DMD). However, these methods fail when the relevant coherent structures occur at low energies or at multiple frequencies, which is often the case. To overcome the deficit of these "rigid" approaches, we propose a new method termed Spectral Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (SPOD). It is based on classical POD and it can be applied to spatially and temporally resolved data. The new method involves an additional temporal constraint that enables a clear separation of phenomena that occur at multiple frequencies and energies. SPOD allows for a continuous shifting from the energetically optimal POD to the spectrally pure Fourier decomposition by changing a single parameter. In this article, SPOD is motivated from phenomenological considerations of the POD autocorrelation matrix and justified from dynamical system theory. The new method is further applied to three sets of PIV measurements of flows from very different engineering problems. We consider the flow of a swirl-stabilized combustor, the wake of an airfoil with a Gurney flap, and the flow field of the sweeping jet behind a fluidic oscillator. For these examples, the commonly used methods fail to assign the relevant coherent structures to single modes. The SPOD, however, achieves a proper separation of spatially and temporally coherent structures, which are either hidden in stochastic turbulent fluctuations or spread over a wide frequency range.

physics.flu-dyn↗

arXiv2014

Mean flow stability analysis of oscillating jet experiments

Linear stability analysis is applied to the mean flow of an oscillating round jet with the aim to investigate the robustness and accuracy of mean flow stability wave models. The jet's axisymmetric mode is excited at the nozzle lip through a sinusoidal modulation of the flow rate at amplitudes ranging from 0.1 % to 100 %. The instantaneous flow field is measured via particle image velocimetry and decomposed into a mean and periodic part utilizing proper orthogonal decomposition. Local linear stability analysis is applied to the measured mean flow adopting a weakly nonparallel flow approach. The resulting global perturbation field is carefully compared to the measurements in terms of spatial growth rate, phase velocity, and phase and amplitude distribution. It is shown that the stability wave model accurately predicts the excited flow oscillations during their entire growth phase and during a large part of their decay phase. The stability wave model applies over a wide range of forcing amplitudes, showing no pronounced sensitivity to the strength of nonlinear saturation. The upstream displacement of the neutral point and the successive reduction of gain with increasing forcing amplitude is very well captured by the stability wave model. At very strong forcing (>40%), the flow becomes essentially stable to the axisymmetric mode. For these extreme cases, the prediction deteriorates from the measurements due to an interaction of the forced wave with the geometric confinement of the nozzle. Moreover, the model fails far downstream in a region where energy is transferred from the oscillation back to the mean flow. This study supports previously conducted mean flow stability analysis of self-excited flow oscillations in the cylinder wake and in the vortex breakdown bubble and extends the methodology to externally forced convectively unstable flows.

physics.flu-dyn↗