arXiv subjects

Klee Irwin

Publications and source records attributed to Klee Irwin.

34 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2019

An Icosahedral Quasicrystal as a Golden Modification of the Icosagrid and its Connection to the E8 Lattice

We present an icosahedral quasicrystal as a modification of the icosagrid, a multigrid with 10 plane sets that are arranged with icosahedral symmetry. We use the Fibonacci chain to space the planes, thereby obtaining a quasicrystal with icosahedral symmetry. It has a surprising correlation to the Elser-Sloane quasicrystal, a 4D cut-and-project of the E8 lattice. We call this quasicrystal the Fibonacci modified icosagrid quasicrystal. We found that this structure totally embeds another quasicrystal that is a compound of 20 3D slices of the Elser-Sloane quasicrystal. The slices, which contain only regular tetrahedra, are put together by a certain golden ratio based rotation. Interesting 20-tetrahedron clusters arranged with the golden ratio based rotation appear repetitively in the structure. They are arranged with icosahedral symmetry. It turns out that this rotation is the dihedral angle of the 600-cell (the super-cell of the Elser-Sloane quasicrystal) and the angle between the tetrahedral facets in the E8 polytope known as the Gosset polytope.

math.MG↗

arXiv2019

Quantum computing, Seifert surfaces and singular fibers

The fundamental group $π_1(L)$ of a knot or link $L$ may be used to generate magic states appropriate for performing universal quantum computation and simultaneously for retrieving complete information about the processed quantum states. In this paper, one defines braids whose closure is the $L$ of such a quantum computer model and computes their Seifert surfaces and the corresponding Alexander polynomial. In particular, some $d$-fold coverings of the trefoil knot, with $d=3$, $4$, $6$ or $12$, define appropriate links $L$ and the latter two cases connect to the Dynkin diagrams of $E_6$ and $D_4$, respectively. In this new context, one finds that this correspondence continues with the Kodaira's classification of elliptic singular fibers. The Seifert fibered toroidal manifold $Σ'$, at the boundary of the singular fiber $\tilde {E_8}$, allows possible models of quantum computing.

math.GN↗

arXiv2019

Golden, Quasicrystalline, Chiral Packings of Tetrahedra

Since antiquity, the packing of convex shapes has been of great interest to many scientists and mathematicians. Recently, particular interest has been given to packings of three-dimensional tetrahedra. Dense packings of both crystalline and semi-quasicrystalline have been reported. It is interesting that a semiquasicrystalline packing of tetrahedra can emerge naturally within a thermodynamic simulation approach. However, this packing is not perfectly quasicrystalline and the packing density, while dense, is not maximal. Here we suggest that a "golden rotation" between tetrahedral facial junctions can arrange tetrahedra into a perfect quasicrystalline packing.

cond-mat.soft↗

arXiv2018

Quantum computing with Bianchi groups

It has been shown that non-stabilizer eigenstates of permutation gates are appropriate for allowing $d$-dimensional universal quantum computing (uqc) based on minimal informationally complete POVMs. The relevant quantum gates may be built from subgroups of finite index of the modular group $Γ=PSL(2,\mathbb{Z})$ [M. Planat, Entropy 20, 16 (2018)] or more generally from subgroups of fundamental groups of $3$-manifolds [M. Planat, R. Aschheim, M.~M. Amaral and K. Irwin, arXiv 1802.04196(quant-ph)]. In this paper, previous work is encompassed by the use of torsion-free subgroups of Bianchi groups for deriving the quantum gate generators of uqc. A special role is played by a chain of Bianchi congruence $n$-cusped links starting with Thurston's link.

math.GT↗

arXiv2018

Universal quantum computing and three-manifolds

A single qubit may be represented on the Bloch sphere or similarly on the $3$-sphere $S^3$. Our goal is to dress this correspondence by converting the language of universal quantum computing (UQC) to that of $3$-manifolds. A magic state and the Pauli group acting on it define a model of UQC as a positive operator-valued measure (POVM) that one recognizes to be a $3$-manifold $M^3$. More precisely, the $d$-dimensional POVMs defined from subgroups of finite index of the modular group $PSL(2,\mathbb{Z})$ correspond to $d$-fold $M^3$- coverings over the trefoil knot. In this paper, one also investigates quantum information on a few "universal" knots and links such as the figure-of-eight knot, the Whitehead link and Borromean rings, making use of the catalog of platonic manifolds available on the software SnapPy. Further connections between POVMs based UQC and $M^3$'s obtained from Dehn fillings are explored.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2018

Starobinsky Inflation and Dark Energy and Dark Matter Effects from Quasicrystal Like Spacetime Structures

The goal of this work on mathematical cosmology and geometric methods in modified gravity theories, MGTs, is to investigate Starobinsky-like inflation scenarios determined by gravitational and scalar field configurations mimicking quasicrystal, QC, like structures. Such spacetime aperiodic QCs are different from those discovered and studied in solid state physics but described by similar geometric methods. We prove that an inhomogeneous and locally anisotropic gravitational and matter field effective QC mixed continuous and discrete "aether" can be modeled by exact cosmological solutions in MGTs and Einstein gravity. The coefficients of corresponding generic off-diagonal metrics and generalized connections depend (in general) on all spacetime coordinates via generating and integration functions and certain smooth and discrete parameters. Imposing additional nonholonomic constraints, prescribing symmetries for generating functions and solving the boundary conditions for integration functions and constants, we can model various nontrivial torsion QC structures or extract cosmological Levi--Civita configurations with diagonal metrics reproducing de Sitter (inflationary) like and other types homogeneous inflation and acceleration phases. Finally, we speculate how various dark energy and dark matter effects can be modeled by off-diagonal interactions and deformations of a nontrivial QC like gravitational vacuum structure and analogous scalar matter fields.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2017

Anamorphic Quasiperiodic Universes in Modified and Einstein Gravity with Loop Quantum Gravity Corrections

The goal of this work is to elaborate on new geometric methods of constructing exact and parametric quasiperiodic solutions for anamorphic cosmology models in modified gravity theories, MGTs, and general relativity, GR. There exist previously studied generic off-diagonal and diagonalizable cosmological metrics encoding gravitational and matter fields with quasicrystal like structures, QC, and holonomy corrections from loop quantum gravity, LQG. We apply the anholonomic frame deformation method, AFDM, in order to decouple the (modified) gravitational and matter field equations in general form. This allows us to find integral varieties of cosmological solutions determined by generating functions, effective sources, integration functions and constants. The coefficients of metrics and connections for such cosmological configurations depend, in general, on all spacetime coordinates and can be chosen to generate observable (quasi)-periodic/ aperiodic/ fractal / stochastic / (super) cluster / filament / polymer like (continuous, stochastic, fractal and/or discrete structures) in MGTs and/or GR. In this work, we study new classes of solutions for anamorphic cosmology with LQG holonomy corrections. Such solutions are characterized by nonlinear symmetries of generating functions for generic off--diagonal cosmological metrics and generalized connections, with possible nonholonomic constraints to Levi-Civita configurations and diagonalizable metrics depending only on a time like coordinate. We argue that anamorphic quasiperiodic cosmological models integrate the concept of quantum discrete spacetime, with certain gravitational QC-like vacuum and nonvacuum structures. And, that of a contracting universe that homogenizes, isotropizes and flattens without introducing initial conditions or multiverse problems.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2017

Quantum walk on a spin network

We apply a discrete quantum walk from a quantum particle on a discrete quantum spacetime from loop quantum gravity and show that the related Entanglement Entropy can drive a entropic force. We apply this concepts to propose a model of a walker position topologically encoded on a spin network.

hep-th↗

arXiv2017

Emergence of an aperiodic Dirichlet space from the tetrahedral units of an icosahedral internal space

We present the emergence of a root system in six dimensions from the tetrahedra of an icosahedral core known as the 20-group (20G) within the framework of Clifford's geometric algebra. Consequently, we establish a connection between a three dimensional icosahedral seed, a six dimensional Dirichlet quantized host and a higher dimensional lattice structure. The 20G, owing to its icosahedral symmetry, bears the signature of a 6D lattice that manifests in the Dirichlet integer representation. We present an interpretation whereby the three dimensional 20G can be regarded as the core substratum from which the higher dimensional lattices emerge. This emergent geometry is based on an induction principle supported by the Clifford multivector formalism of 3D Euclidean space. This lays a geometric framework for understanding several physics theories related to $SU(5)$, $E_6$, $E_8$ Lie algebras and their composition with the algebra associated with the even unimodular lattice in $\mathbb{R}^{3,1}$. The construction presented here is inspired by Penrose's \textit{three world} model.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2017

Heterotic Supergravity with Internal Almost-Kähler Spaces, Instantons for $SO(32)$, or $E_8 \times E_8$, Gauge Groups, and Deformed Black Holes with Soliton, Quasiperiodic and/or Pattern-forming Structures

Heterotic supergravity with (1+3)--dimensional domain wall configurations and (warped) internal, six dimensional, almost-Kähler manifolds $\ ^6\mathbf{X}$ are studied. Considering ten dimensional spacetimes with nonholonomic distributions and conventional double fibrations, 2+2+...=2+2+3+3, and associated $SU(3)$ structures on internal space, we generalize for real, internal, almost symplectic gravitational structures the constructions with gravitational and gauge instantons of tanh-kink type. They include the first $α^{\prime}$ corrections to the heterotic supergravity action, parameterized in a form to imply nonholonomic deformations of the Yang-Mills sector and corresponding Bianchi identities. We show how it is possible to construct a variety of solutions depending on the type of nonholonomic distributions and deformations of 'prime' instanton configurations characterized by two real supercharges. This corresponds to $\mathcal{N}=1/2$ supersymmetric, nonholonomic manifolds from the four dimensional point of view. Our method provides a unified description of embedding nonholonomically deformed tanh-kink-type instantons into half-BPS solutions of heterotic supergravity. This allows us to elaborate new geometric methods of constructing exact solutions of motion equations, with first order $α^{\prime}$ corrections to the heterotic supergravity. Such a formalism is applied for general and/or warped almost-Kähler configurations, which allows us to generate nontrivial (1+3)-d domain walls and black hole deformations determined by quasiperiodic internal space structures. This formalism is utilized in our associated publication [EPJC 77 (2017) 17, arXiv: 1608.01980] in order to construct and study generic off-diagonal nonholonomic deformations of the Kerr metric, encoding contributions from heterotic supergravity.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2016

Off-Diagonal Deformations of Kerr Metrics and Black Ellipsoids in Heterotic Supergravity

Geometric methods for constructing exact solutions of motion equations with first order $α^{\prime}$ corrections to the heterotic supergravity action implying a non-trivial Yang-Mills sector and six dimensional, 6-d, almost-Kähler internal spaces are studied. In 10-d spacetimes, general parametrizations for generic off-diagonal metrics, nonlinear and linear connections and matter sources, when the equations of motion decouple in very general forms are considered. This allows us to construct a variety of exact solutions when the coefficients of fundamental geometric/physical objects depend on all higher dimensional spacetime coordinates via corresponding classes of generating and integration functions, generalized effective sources and integration constants. Such generalized solutions are determined by generic off-diagonal metrics and nonlinear and/or linear connections. In particular, as configurations which are warped/compactified to lower dimensions and for Levi-Civita connections. The corresponding metrics can have (non) Killing and/or Lie algebra symmetries and/or describe (1+2)-d and/or (1+3)-d domain wall configurations, with possible warping nearly almost-Kähler manifolds, with gravitational and gauge instantons for nonlinear vacuum configurations and effective polarizations of cosmological and interaction constants encoding string gravity effects. A series of examples of exact solutions describing generic off-diagonal supergravity modifications to black hole/ ellipsoid and solitonic configurations are provided and analyzed. We prove that it is possible to reproduce the Kerr and other type black solutions in general relativity (with certain types of string corrections) in 4-d and to generalize the solutions to non-vacuum configurations in (super) gravity/ string theories.

hep-th↗

arXiv2016

The Unexpected Fractal Signatures in Fibonacci chains

Quasicrystals are fractal due to their self similar property. In this paper, a new cycloidal fractal signature possessing the cardioid shape in the Mandelbrot set is presented in the Fourier space of a Fibonacci chain with two lengths, L and S, where L/S = \{phi}. The corresponding pointwise dimension is 0.7. Various modifications, such as truncation from the head or tail, scrambling the orders of the sequence, and changing the ratio of the L and S, are done on the Fibonacci chain. The resulting patterns in the Fourier space show that that the fractal signature is very sensitive to changes in the Fibonacci order but not to the L/S ratio.

math.GM↗

arXiv2016

Catalytic mechanism of LENR in quasicrystals based on localized anharmonic vibrations and phasons

Quasicrystals (QCs) are a novel form of matter, which are neither crystalline nor amorphous. Among many surprising properties of QCs is their high catalytic activity. We propose a mechanism explaining this peculiarity based on unusual dynamics of atoms at special sites in QCs, namely, localized anharmonic vibrations (LAVs) and phasons. In the former case, one deals with a large amplitude (~ fractions of an angstrom) time-periodic oscillations of a small group of atoms around their stable positions in the lattice, known also as discrete breathers, which can be excited in regular crystals as well as in QCs. On the other hand, phasons are a specific property of QCs, which are represented by very large amplitude (~angstrom) oscillations of atoms be-tween two quasi-stable positions determined by the geometry of a QC. Large amplitude atomic motion in LAVs and phasons results in time-periodic driving of adjacent potential wells occupied by hydrogen ions (protons or deuterons) in case of hydrogenated QCs. This driving may result in the increase of amplitude and energy of zero-point vibrations (ZPV). Based on that, we demonstrate a drastic increase of the D-D or D-H fusion rate with increasing number of modulation periods evaluated in the framework of Schwinger model, which takes into account suppression of the Coulomb barrier due to lattice vibrations. In this context, we present numerical solution of Schrodinger equation for a particle in a non-stationary double well potential, which is driven time-periodically imitating the action of a LAV or phason. We show that the rate of tunneling of the particle through the potential barrier separating the wells is enhanced drastically by the driving, and it increases strongly with increasing amplitude of the driving. These results support the concept of nuclear catalysis in QCs that can take place at special sites provided by their inherent topology.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2013

Cabinet of curiosities: the interesting geometry of the angle β = arccos((3ϕ - 1)/4)

In this paper we present the construction of several aggregates of tetrahedra. Each construction is obtained by performing rotations on an initial set of tetrahedra that either (1) contains gaps between adjacent tetrahedra, or (2) exhibits an aperiodic nature. Following this rotation, gaps of the former case are "closed" (in the sense that faces of adjacent tetrahedra are brought into contact to form a "face junction") while translational and rotational symmetries are obtained in the latter case. In all cases, an angular displacement of β = arccos((3ϕ - 1)/4) (or a closely related angle), where ϕ is the golden ratio, is observed between faces of a junction. Additionally, the overall number of plane classes, defined as the number of distinct facial orientations in the collection of tetrahedra, is reduced following the transformation. Finally, we present several "curiosities" involving the structures discussed here with the goal of inspiring the reader's interest in constructions of this nature and their attending, interesting properties.

math.MG↗

arXiv2013

Periodic modification of the Boerdijk-Coxeter helix (tetrahelix)

The Boerdijk-Coxeter helix is a helical structure of tetrahedra which possesses no non-trivial translational or rotational symmetries. In this document, we develop a procedure by which this structure is modified to obtain both translational and rotational (upon projection) symmetries along/about its central axis. We report the finding of several, distinct periodic structures, and focus on two particular forms related to the pentagonal and icosahedral aggregates of tetrahedra as well as Buckminster Fuller's "jitterbug transformation".

math.MG↗

arXiv2012

The Sum of Squares Law

We show that when projecting an edge-transitive N-dimensional polytope onto anM-dimensional subspace of R^N, the sums of the squares of the original and projected edges are in the ratio N=M.

math.MG↗