arXiv subjects

Kodai Sakurai

Publications and source records attributed to Kodai Sakurai.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Time evolution of scalar condensate decay

A scalar field, which oscillates coherently over the space and decays through production of daughter particles, plays an important role in cosmology. It was recently shown that the parametric-resonance and Feynman-diagrammatic approaches give the same decay rate for a Bosonic daughter particle at a large time duration. We study how the parametric-resonance result approaches to this asymptotic value, by numerically following the time evolution of the phase density of the daughter particle. We see a difference among different instability bands in the narrow-resonance regime. The lowest-order instability band approaches to the Feynman-diagrammatic result in tens of scalar oscillation periods, while the high-order instability bands approach dependently also on a coupling between the scalar and daughter particles. This would infer that the total decay width, to which the lowest-order instability band contributes most dominantly in the perturbation theory, approaches to the Feynman-diagrammatic result also independently of the coupling. To confirm it, we consider a simpler and analytically solvable quantum mechanical model: Rabi models. In the Bosonic Rabi model, the parametric-resonance and Feynman-diagrammatic results agree with each other for all the time. On the other hand, in the Fermionic Rabi model, they disagree at a large time duration. This difference would be attributed to Bose enhancement vs Pauli blocking.

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arXiv2026

Radiative corrections to decays of the 125 GeV Higgs boson in the complex Higgs triplet model

The extension of the Higgs sector with an additional complex triplet field is often considered for generating the neutrino mass by the Type-II seesaw mechanism. Such an extension generally predicts $ρ\neq1$, where $ρ$ is the electroweak rho parameter at the tree level, so that the renormalization of the electroweak parameters is different from models like the standard model (SM) and two Higgs doublet models. In this paper, we present a full set of radiative corrections to decays of the 125 GeV Higgs boson ($h$) in this model. One-loop contributions of the extra Higgs bosons as well as SM fermions and gauge bosons to the decay rates of $h$ are calculated in the on-shell scheme. Gauge dependence appearing in the counter terms of mixing angles is eliminated by the pinch technique. Higher-order QCD corrections are also implemented. We find that the decay rates can significantly deviate from the predictions in the SM and other extensions such as the two Higgs doublet models and the singlet model. For example, the decay rates of $h\to WW^\ast$ and $h\to ZZ^\ast$ can be a few percent larger than the SM value under current experimental and theoretical constraints. In this case, deviations in $h\to γγ$ and Higgs self-coupling can reach about $-20\%$ and $100\%$, respectively. The pattern of the deviations is different from the other extended Higgs models. These characteristic predictions are expected to be detected at the High-Luminosity LHC or future Higgs factories.

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arXiv2026

Decay of a scalar condensate in two different approaches

Decay of a scalar condensate via interactions with (quasi-)particles is of interest to many fields in physics, including cosmology. In cosmology, the decay of an inflaton condensate leads to the production of daughter particles and reheating of the Universe. In computing the decay rate, two quantum field theoretic approaches can be found in the literature: one is based on parametric resonance of mode functions of the daughter particle; another is based on the $S$-matrix of a coherent state and Feynman-diagrammatic perturbation theory. We modify the latter from the previous literature in a way that manifests what we are computing and does not include unwanted Feynman diagrams. We notice the equivalence of these two approaches and demonstrate it by explicitly computing the decay rate at lower orders in the double expansion of the amplitude of coherent oscillation (or narrow resonance) and velocity of the daughter particle.

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arXiv2025

Primordial Black Hole Formation via Inverted Bubble Collapse

We propose a novel mechanism of primordial black hole (PBH) formation through inverted bubble collapse. In this scenario, bubbles nucleate sparsely in an incomplete first-order phase transition, such that they remain isolated and do not percolate or collide with each other due to the extremely low nucleation rate. This is followed by a bulk phase transition in the rest of the universe that inverts these pre-existing bubbles into false vacuum regions. These spherically symmetric false-vacuum bubbles subsequently collapse to form PBHs. Unlike conventional PBH formation mechanisms associated with domain wall collapse or bubble coalescence, our inverted bubble collapse mechanism naturally ensures spherical collapse. We demonstrate that, when applied to the singlet extension of the Standard Model, this mechanism can produce highly monochromatic PBHs with masses up to ${\cal O}(10^{-7}\,\text{-}\,10^{-5}) M_\odot$, which potentially explain the microlensing events observed in the OGLE and Subaru HSC data.

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arXiv2024

Composite 2-Higgs Doublet Model: Strong Effects on Higgs Pair Production

We show how effects of compositeness emerging in a Composite 2-Higgs Doublet Model can enter Standard Model (SM)-like Higgs pair production at the Large Hadron Collider in both resonant and non-resonant mode. Such effects can arise from modified trilinear Higgs self-couplings and top-Yukawa couplings as well as from loops of new heavy quarks and additional quartic Higgs-fermion interactions. In the resonant case, significant distortions of the Breit- Wigner shape of a new scalar state decaying into the two SM-like Higgs states may occur due to interference effects amongst not only the SM-like diagrams but also those involving the new heavy quarks. In the non-resonant case, a modification of the underlying line-shape and a local maximum at twice a new heavy quark mass appear simultaneously. We quantify these effects by taking into account the relevant theoretical and latest experimental bounds.

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arXiv2024

Thermal Production of Axions from Heavy Higgs Bosons

We discuss the thermal production of axions in renormalizable models involving two Higgs doublet fields and a complex singlet field with a global $U(1)$ Peccei-Quinn symmetry, i.e., DFSZ type axion models. We demonstrate that, when the reheating temperature exceeds the mass scale of heavy Higgs bosons, axions are efficiently produced through heavy Higgs boson decays and scatterings at temperatures comparable to the heavy Higgs boson mass scale. As a result, the abundance of thermally produced axions is independent of the reheating temperature, which should be contrasted with the KSVZ axion model. This is because thermal productions via renormalizable interactions are IR-dominated processes. We demonstrate that the heavy Higgs boson decays are the main channels for axion thermal productions among various processes in the DFSZ-type axion models, which were missed in the literature. Our results apply to the original DFSZ QCD axion model since the production mechanism does not depend on the axion mass. As an application of axion productions from the heavy Higgs boson decays, we calculate the contributions to $ΔN_{\rm eff}$ for axions with a mass smaller than ${\cal O}(0.1){\rm eV}$. Future measurements of $ΔN_{\rm eff}$ could constrain model parameters in both axion and Higgs sectors. Focusing on axions with masses from keV to sub-GeV scale, we then discuss how cosmological observations such as X-ray and cosmic microwave background constrain the produced axion. We show that a large portion of the parameter space of the models can be explored even if the amount of the axion produced from the heavy Higgs bosons is much smaller than the observed cold dark matter abundance.

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arXiv2024

Stimulated Emission of Dark Matter via Thermal Scattering: Novel Limits for Freeze-In and eV Cold Dark Matter

Recently, one of the present authors noticed a stimulated emission process of bosonic dark matter via the two-body decay of a mother particle in a thermal plasma similar to the operation principle of a laser in 2301.08735. In this paper, we show that in a $2 \to 2$ process, including a bosonic final particle (e.g., an axion or dark photon), the stimulated emission occurs as well due to a small angle scattering of the thermal mother particles and thus the phenomenon is more universal. Two important conclusions follow: (1) Care must be taken when studying the freeze-in production of a bosonic dark matter, as the abundance and momentum distribution of dark matter can differ significantly due to this effect. (2) eV-mass-range bosonic dark matter is special and theoretically well-motivated because models for freeze-in or other thermal production of dark matter include the parameter region of cold eV dark matter. We also study the dark matter mass effect for the stimulated emission.

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arXiv2024

Precise calculations for decays of Higgs bosons in extended Higgs sectors

We briefly introduce H-COUP_3.0, which we developed for evaluating higher-order corrections to any Higgs boson decays in various extended Higgs sectors. Focusing on two Higgs doublet models (2HDMs), we then discuss how the non-decoupling effects of the additional Higgs bosons are significant in Higgs boson decays.

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arXiv2023

H-COUP Version 3: A program for one-loop corrected decays of any Higgs bosons in non-minimal Higgs models

The H-COUP program is provided as a package of Fortran codes, which can compute observables related to Higgs bosons including radiative corrections in various extended Higgs sectors. We give a manual for the latest version of H-COUP (H-COUP_3.0), in which decay rates and branching ratios of all the Higgs bosons can be calculated at one-loop level in EW and Higgs interactions with QCD corrections in the Higgs singlet model, four types of the two Higgs doublet model with a softly-broken $Z_2$ symmetry, and the inert doublet model. The previous version (H-COUP_2.0) can evaluate those only for the standard model like Higgs boson with the mass of 125 GeV ($h$). In H-COUP_3.0, renormalized quantities are computed based on the gauge independent on-shell renormalization scheme. The source code of H-COUP_3.0 can be downloaded via the following link: \url{http://www-het.phys.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp/~hcoup}. By using H-COUP_3.0, we can compare the precise measurements of the properties of $h$ and direct searches for additional Higgs bosons with their predictions at one-loop level, by which we can reconstruct the structure of the Higgs sector.

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arXiv2023

Probing a light dark sector at future lepton colliders via invisible decays of the SM-like and dark Higgs bosons

A renormalizable UV model for Axion-Like Particles (ALPs) or hidden photons, that may explain the dark matter usually involves a dark Higgs field which is a singlet under the standard model (SM) gauge group. The dark sector can couple to the SM particles via the portal coupling between the SM-like Higgs and dark Higgs fields. Through this coupling, the dark sector particles can be produced in either the early universe or the collider experiments. Interestingly, not only the SM-like Higgs boson can decay into the light dark bosons, but also a light dark Higgs boson may be produced and decay into the dark bosons in a collider. In this paper, we perform the first collider search for invisible decays by taking both the Higgs bosons into account. We use a multivariate technique to best discriminate the signal from the background. We find that a large parameter region can be {probed} at the International Linear Collider (ILC) operating at the center-of-mass energy of 250 GeV. In particular, even when the SM-like Higgs invisible decay is a few orders of magnitude below the planned sensitivity reaches of the ILC and the high luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), the scenario can be probed by the invisible decay of the dark Higgs boson produced via a similar diagram. Measuring the dark Higgs boson decay into the dark sector will be a smoking gun signal of the light dark sector. A similar search of the dark sector would be expected in, e.g., Cool Copper Collider (C$^3$), Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC), Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) and {Future Circular electron-positron Collider (FCC-ee).

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arXiv2022

Radiative corrections to decay branching ratios of the CP-odd Higgs boson in two Higgs doublet models

We calculate radiative corrections to decay rates of CP-odd Higgs boson $A$ for various decay modes in the four types of two Higgs doublet models with the softly broken discrete $Z_{2}$ symmetry. The decay branching ratios are evaluated at the next-to-leading order for electroweak corrections and the next-to-next-to-leading order for QCD corrections. We comprehensively study the impact of the electroweak corrections on the decay rates and the branching ratios. We find that the radiative corrections can sizably modify the branching ratios, especially for the $A\to Zh$ decay mode in the nearly alignment scenario, where coupling constants of the SM-like Higgs boson $h$ are close to those in the standard model. We also show correlations between the branching ratios of $A$ and the scaling factor of the SM-like Higgs boson coupling including higher-order corrections. In addition, we show characteristic predictions on the decay pattern depending on the types of Yukawa interaction, by which we can discriminate the types of Yukawa interaction in future collider experiments.

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arXiv2022

Anomaly-free axion dark matter in three Higgs doublet model and its phenomenological implications

We study phenomenological implications of an axion that arises as a pseudo Nambu-Goldstone boson due to the spontaneous breaking of anomaly-free global flavor symmetry. One interesting possibility for such anomaly-free axion to explain dark matter (DM) is when it has a mass of order keV and an intermediate scale decay constant, since it can be explored through direct search experiments, X-ray observations, various stellar cooling processes, and the misalignment mechanism naturally explains the DM abundance. As a concrete renormalizable model of such axion, we consider an extended Higgs sector with global flavor symmetry, which consists of three Higgs doublet fields and three singlet Higgs fields with $U(1)_{\rm B-L}$ charges. We identify viable parameter regions that satisfy theoretical bounds on the Higgs potential and various experimental limits on this model, and evaluate the mass spectra of the axion and extra Higgs bosons. We find that even an anomaly-free axion can generally couple to photons through mixing with CP-odd Higgs, and that its strength depends on the vacuum expectation values of the Higgs doublets as well as the axion mass. As a result, the ratios of the vacuum expectation values of the Higgs doublets are tightly constrained to satisfy the X-ray constraints. We show the favored parameter region where axion DM explains the XENON1T excess. We also demonstrate that the axion-electron coupling is correlated with the extra Higgs boson masses and mixing angles for CP-even Higgs bosons. Thus, if the axion is detected in future observations, the extra Higgs boson masses and the coupling of the standard model-like Higgs boson with the weak gauge bosons are restricted. This is a good example of the synergy between searches for the axion DM and the BSM around the electroweak scale.

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arXiv2022

Singlet extensions and W boson mass in the light of the CDF II result

Recently, the CDF collaboration has reported the precise measurement of the W boson mass, $M_W = 80433.5\pm 9.4 \,$MeV, based on $8.8$ fb$^{-1}$ of $\sqrt{s}=1.96$ TeV $p\bar{p}$ collision data from the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. This is about $7σ$ away from the Standard Model prediction, $M_{W}^{\rm SM}=80357 \pm 6 \,$MeV. Such a large discrepancy may be partially due to exotic particles that radiatively alter the relation between the W and Z boson masses. In this Letter, we study singlet extensions of the Standard Model focusing on the shift of the W boson mass. In the minimal extension with a real singlet field, using the bounds from the electroweak oblique parameters, B meson decays, LEP, and LHC, we find that the W boson mass shift is at most a few MeV, and therefore it does not alleviate the tension between the CDF II result and the SM prediction. We then examine how much various bounds are relaxed when the singlet is allowed to decay invisibly and find that the increase of the W boson mass does not exceed $5$ MeV due to the bound from the Higgs signal strength. We also discuss phenomenological and cosmological implications of the singlet extensions such as the muon $g-2$ anomaly, axion/hidden photon dark matter, and self-interacting dark radiation as a possible alleviation of the Hubble tension.

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arXiv2022

Suppression of Higgs Mixing by Quantum Zeno Effect

The Higgs portal interaction to a singlet sector of the standard model (SM) gauge group is widely-studied. In this Letter, we show that a quantum effect is important if the Higgs field mixes with another singlet scalar field whose decay rate is larger than the mass difference between the two mass eigenstates. This effect may be interpreted as the quantum Zeno effect. In either the quantum mechanics or the quantum field theory, we show that the resulting propagating mode is not the eigenstate of the mass matrix, but it is approximately the eigenstate of the interaction. As a consequence, the decoupling of the mixing effect happens at the infinity limit of the decay width of the exotic scalar even if the naïve mixing parameter is not small. With a finite decay width of the exotic scalar, we derive the effective mass of the propagating mode in the SM sector, its decay rate, and the couplings at the 1-loop level. It turns out that the mixed mass eigenstates can mimic the discovered 125 GeV Higgs boson. This fuzzy Higgs boson can be obtained in a simple perturbative renormalizable model. It is consistent with the 125 GeV SM Higgs boson when the mass difference is smaller than ${\cal O}(0.1)$GeV (${\cal O}(1)$GeV) for ${\cal O}(1)$ (${\cal O}(0.01)$) mixing. We argue the possible natural scenario for the tiny mass splitting and the possibility that the upper bound of the mass difference is larger for a strongly-coupled singlet sector. To probe the fuzzy Higgs boson scenario, it is difficult to directly produce the singlet sector particles. Nevertheless, the future Higgs factories may probe this scenario by precisely measuring the Higgs boson invisible decay rate and the deviation of the Higgs coupling. Applications of the mechanism are also mentioned.

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arXiv2021

Phenomenology of CP-even ALP

Axion or axion-like particle (ALP) has been usually considered as a CP-odd Nambu-Goldstone boson (NGB) from the spontaneous breakdown of a global U(1) symmetry. In this paper, we point out that the NGB behaves as a CP-even particle coupled to the SM particles in a large class of simple (or perhaps the simplest) renormalizable models. We provide a first study of the collider phenomenology and cosmology of the CP-even ALP. In a natural parameter region, the CP-even ALP can be produced from the Higgs boson decay in colliders. When the mass is not very light, the signals will be Higgs exotic decays, Higgs decay to displaced vertex $\times 2$, Higgs decay to displaced vertex + missing energy. The signal can be discriminated from other models, e.g. hidden photon, by measuring the decay length and the decay products of the light new particle. In addition, when $ m_a\lesssim \,$MeV, in which case the Higgs boson invisible decay may be probed in the colliders, the CP-even ALP is a nice Dark matter (DM) candidate. The DM can be probed by 21cm line measurement, the future measurement of the Milky way mass halo function in the Vera Rubin Observatory, as well as X- or $γ$-ray observations. The DM production mechanisms are discussed.

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arXiv2021

Radiative corrections to decays of charged Higgs bosons in two Higgs doublet models

We calculate the next-to-leading order (NLO) electroweak (EW) corrections to decay rates of charged Higgs bosons for various decay modes in the four types of two Higgs doublet models (THDMs) with the softly broken discrete Z_2 symmetry. Decay branching ratios of charged Higgs bosons are evaluated including NLO EW corrections, as well as QCD corrections up to next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO). We comprehensively study impacts of the NLO EW corrections to the branching ratios in nearly alignment scenarios where the couplings constants of the Higgs boson with the mass of 125 GeV are close to those predicted in the standard model. Furthermore, in the nearly alignment scenario, we discuss whether or not the four types of THDMs can be distinguished via the decays of charged Higgs bosons. We find that characteristic predictions of charged Higgs branching ratios can be obtained for all types of the THDMs, by which each type of the THDMs are separated, and information on the internal parameters of the THDMs can be extracted from the magnitudes of the various decay branching ratios.

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arXiv2021

Precision Predictions for Charged Higgs Boson Decays in the Real and Complex NMSSM

We present the full next-to-leading order (NLO) supersymmetric (SUSY) electroweak and SUSY-QCD corrections to the decay widths of the charged Higgs boson decays into on-shell final states in the framework of the CP-conserving and CP-violating Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Model (NMSSM). The newly calculated corrections have been implemented in the code NMSSMCALCEW. In these proceedings, we discuss the impact of the NLO corrections on the charged Higgs boson branching ratios in a wide range of the parameter space that is still compatible with the experimental constraints. We also investigate the effect of CP violation in these corrections.

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arXiv2021

One-loop Corrections to the Higgs Boson Invisible Decay in the Dark Doublet Phase of the N2HDM

The Higgs invisible decay width may soon become a powerful tool to probe extensions of the Standard Model with dark matter candidates at the Large Hadron Collider. In this work, we calculate the next-to-leading order (NLO) electroweak corrections to the 125 GeV Higgs decay width into two dark matter particles. The model is the next-to-minimal 2-Higgs-doublet model (N2HDM) in the dark doublet phase, that is, only one doublet and the singlet acquire vacuum expectation values. We show that the present measurement of the Higgs invisible branching ratio, BR$(H \to$ invisible $< 0.11$), does not lead to constraints on the parameter space of the model at leading order. This is due to the very precise measurements of the Higgs couplings but could change in the near future. Furthermore, if NLO corrections are required not to be unphysically large, no limits on the parameter space can be extracted from the NLO results.

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