Searcharxiv⌕ Search

arXiv subjects

Kostas Orginos

Publications and source records attributed to Kostas Orginos.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
arXiv2010

Lattice Calculations of Nucleon Electromagnetic Form Factors at Large Momentum Transfer

In this work, we report a novel technique in lattice QCD for studying the high momentum-transfer region of nucleon form factors. These calculations could give important theoretical input to experiments, such as those of JLab's 12-GeV program and studies of nucleon deformation. There is an extensive history of form-factor calculations on the lattice, primarily with ground states for both the initial and final state. However, determining form factors at large momentum transfer ($Q^2$) has been difficult due to large statistical and systematic errors in this regime. We study the nucleon form factors using three pion masses with both quenched and 2+1-flavor anisotropic lattice configurations with $Q^2$ as large as $6 GeV^2$. These form factors are further processed to obtain transverse charge and magnetization densities across 2-dimensional impact-parameter space. Our approach can be applied to isotropic lattices and lattices with smaller lattice spacing to calculate even larger-$Q^2$ form factors.

hep-lat↗
arXiv2010

Heavy-Baryon Spectroscopy from Lattice QCD

We use a four-dimensional lattice calculation of the full-QCD (quantum chromodynamics, the non-abliean gauge theory of the strong interactions of quarks and gluons) path integrals needed to determine the masses of the charmed and bottom baryons. In the charm sector, our results are in good agreement with experiment within our systematics, except for the spin-1/2 $Ξ_{cc}$, for which we found the isospin-averaged mass to be $Ξ_{cc}$ to be $3665\pm17\pm14^{+0}_{-78}$ MeV. We predict the mass of the (isospin-averaged) spin-1/2 $Ω_{cc}$ to be $3763\pm19\pm26^{+13}_{-79}$ {MeV}. In the bottom sector, our results are also in agreement with experimental observations and other lattice calculations within our statistical and systematic errors. In particular, we find the mass of the $Ω_b$ to be consistent with the recent CDF measurement. We also predict the mass for the as yet unobserved $Ξ^\prime_b$ to be 5955(27) MeV.

hep-lat↗
arXiv2009

High Statistics Analysis using Anisotropic Clover Lattices: (III) Baryon-Baryon Interactions

Low-energy baryon-baryon interactions are calculated in a high-statistics lattice QCD study on a single ensemble of anisotropic clover gauge-field configurations at a pion mass of m_π~ 390 MeV, a spatial volume of L^3 ~ (2.5 fm)^3, and a spatial lattice spacing of b~0.123 fm. Lüscher's method is used to extract nucleon-nucleon, hyperon-nucleon and hyperon-hyperon scattering phase shifts at one momentum from the one- and two-baryon ground-state energies in the lattice volume. The isospin-3/2 NΣinteractions are found to be highly spin-dependent, and the interaction in the ^3S_1 channel is found to be strong. In contrast, the NΛinteractions are found to be spin-independent, within the uncertainties of the calculation, consistent with the absence of one-pion-exchange. The only channel for which a negative energy-shift is found is ΛΛ, indicating that the ΛΛinteraction is attractive, as anticipated from model-dependent discussions regarding the H-dibaryon. The NN scattering lengths are found to be small, clearly indicating the absence of any fine-tuning in the NN-sector at this pion mass. This is consistent with our previous Lattice QCD calculation of NN interactions. The behavior of the signal-to-noise ratio in the baryon-baryon correlation functions, and in the ratio of correlation functions that yields the ground-state energy splitting is explored. In particular, focus is placed on the window of time slices for which the signal-to-noise ratio does not degrade exponentially, as this provides the opportunity to extract quantitative information about multi-baryon systems.

hep-lat↗
arXiv2009

Extending the eigCG algorithm to non-symmetric linear systems with multiple right-hand sides

For Hermitian positive definite linear systems and eigenvalue problems, the eigCG algorithm is a memory efficient algorithm that solves the linear system and simultaneously computes some of its eigenvalues. The algorithm is based on the Conjugate-Gradient (CG) algorithm, however, it uses only a window of the vectors generated by the CG algorithm to compute approximate eigenvalues. The number and accuracy of the eigenvectors can be increased by solving more right-hand sides. For Hermitian systems with multiple right-hand sides, the computed eigenvectors can be used to speed up the solution of subsequent systems. The algorithm was tested on Lattice QCD problems by solving the normal equations and was shown to give large speed up factors and to remove the critical slowing down as we approach light quark masses. Here, an extension to the non-symmetric case based on the two-sided Lanczos algorithm is given. The new algorithm is tested on Lattice QCD problems and is shown to give promising results. We also study the removal of the critical slowing down and compare results with those of the eigCG algorithm. We also discuss the case when the system is gamma5-Hermitian.

hep-lat↗
arXiv2009

Moebius Algorithm for Domain Wall and GapDW Fermions

The Möbius domain wall action \cite{Brower:2004xi} is a generalization of Shamir's action, which gives exactly the same overlap fermion lattice action as the separation ($L_s$) between the domain walls is taken to infinity. The performance advantages of the algorithm are presented for small ensembles of quenched, full QCD domain wall and Gap domain wall lattices \cite{Vranas:2006zk}. In particular, it is shown that at the larger lattice spacings relevant to current dynamical simulations Möbius fermions work well together with GapDWF, reducing $L_s$ by more than a factor of two. It is noted that there is a precise map between the domain wall and effective overlap action at finite quark mass including finite $L_s$ chiral violations so that the Ward-Takahashi identities for the axial and vector currents are exactly equivalent in the two formulations.

hep-lat↗
arXiv2009

Singly and Doubly Charmed J=1/2 Baryon Spectrum from Lattice QCD

We compute the masses of the singly and doubly charmed baryons in full QCD using the relativistic Fermilab action for the charm quark. For the light quarks we use domain-wall fermions in the valence sector and improved Kogut-Susskind sea quarks. We use the low-lying charmonium spectrum to tune our heavy-quark action and as a guide to understanding the discretization errors associated with the heavy quark. Our results are in good agreement with experiment within our systematics. For the Ξ_{cc}, we find the isospin-averaged mass to be M_{Ξ_{cc}} = 3665 +/- 17 +/- 14 +0 -78 MeV; the three given uncertainties are statistical, systematic and an estimate of lattice discretization errors, respectively. In addition, we predict the mass splitting of the (isospin-averaged) spin-1/2 Ω_{cc} with the Ξ_{cc} to be M_{Ω_{cc}} - M_{Ξ_{cc}} = 98 +/- 9 +/- 22 +/- 13 MeV (in this mass splitting, the leading discretization errors are also suppressed by SU(3) symmetry). Combining this splitting with our determination of M_{Ξ_{cc}} leads to our prediction of the spin-1/2 Ω_{cc} mass, M_{Ω_{cc}} = 3763 +/- 19 +/- 26 +13 -79 MeV.

hep-lat↗
arXiv2009

Meson-Baryon Scattering Lengths from Mixed-Action Lattice QCD

The $π^+Σ^+$, $π^+Ξ^0$, $K^+p$, $K^+n$, and $\overline{K}{}^0 Ξ^0$ scattering lengths are calculated in mixed-action Lattice QCD with domain-wall valence quarks on the asqtad-improved coarse MILC configurations at four light-quark masses, and at two light-quark masses on the fine MILC configurations. Heavy Baryon Chiral Perturbation Theory with two and three flavors of light quarks is used to perform the chiral extrapolations. To the order we work in the three-flavor chiral expansion, the kaon-baryon processes that we investigate show no signs of convergence. Using the two-flavor chiral expansion for extrapolation, the pion-hyperon scattering lengths are found to be $a_{π^+Σ^+}=-0.197\pm0.017$ fm, and $a_{π^+Ξ^0}=-0.098\pm0.017$ fm, where the comprehensive error includes statistical and systematic uncertainties.

hep-lat↗
arXiv2009

Bottom-Hadron Mass Splittings from Static-Quark Action on 2+1-Flavor Lattices

We calculate bottom-hadron mass splittings with respect to $B_d$ and $Λ_b$ using full QCD with 2+1 flavors of dynamical Kogut-Susskind sea quarks and domain-wall valence quarks along with a static heavy quark. Our lattices have spatial volume of $(2.5{fm})^3$ with lattice spacing about 0.124 fm and a range of pion masses as low as 291 MeV. Our results are in agreement with experimental observations and other lattice calculations within our statistical and systematic errors. In particular, we find the mass of the $Ω_b$ to be consistent with the recent CDF measurement. We also predict the mass for the as yet unobserved $Ξ^\prime_b$ to be 5955(27) MeV.

hep-lat↗
arXiv2009

High Statistics Analysis using Anisotropic Clover Lattices: (II) Three-Baryon Systems

We present the results of an exploratory Lattice QCD calculation of three-baryon systems through a high-statistics study of one ensemble of anisotropic clover gauge-field configurations with a pion mass of m_π~ 390 MeV. Because of the computational cost of the necessary contractions, we focus on correlation functions generated by interpolating-operators with the quantum numbers of the $Ξ^0Ξ^0 n$ system, one of the least demanding three baryon systems in terms of the number of contractions. We find that the ground state of this system has an energy of E_{Ξ^0Ξ^0n}= 3877.9\pm 6.9\pm 9.2\pm3.3 MeV corresponding to an energy-shift due to interactions of δE_{Ξ^0Ξ^0n}=E_{Ξ^0Ξ^0n}-2M_{Ξ^0} -M_n=4.6\pm 5.0\pm 7.9\pm 4.2 MeV. There are a significant number of time-slices in the three-baryon correlation function for which the signal-to-noise ratio is only slowly degrading with time. This is in contrast to the exponential degradation of the signal-to-noise ratio that is observed at larger times, and is due to the suppressed overlap of the source and sink interpolating-operators that are associated with the variance of the three-baryon correlation function onto the lightest eigenstates in the lattice volume (mesonic systems). As one of the motivations for this area of exploration is the calculation of the structure and reactions of light nuclei, we also present initial results for a system with the quantum numbers of the triton (pnn). This present work establishes a path to multi-baryon systems, and shows that Lattice QCD calculations of the properties and interactions of systems containing four and five baryons are now within sight.

hep-lat↗
arXiv2009

High Statistics Analysis using Anisotropic Clover Lattices: (I) Single Hadron Correlation Functions

We present the results of high-statistics calculations of correlation functions generated with single-baryon interpolating operators on an ensemble of dynamical anisotropic gauge-field configurations generated by the Hadron Spectrum Collaboration using a tadpole-improved clover fermion action and Symanzik-improved gauge action. A total of 292,500 sets of measurements are made using 1194 gauge configurations of size 20^3 x 128 with an anisotropy parameter ξ= b_s/b_t = 3.5, a spatial lattice spacing of b_s=0.1227\pm 0.0008 fm, and pion mass of m_π~ 390 MeV. Ground state baryon masses are extracted with fully quantified uncertainties that are at or below the ~0.2%-level in lattice units. The lowest-lying negative-parity states are also extracted albeit with a somewhat lower level of precision. In the case of the nucleon, this negative-parity state is above the Nπthreshold and, therefore, the isospin-1/2 πN s-wave scattering phase-shift can be extracted using Luescher's method. The disconnected contributions to this process are included indirectly in the gauge-field configurations and do not require additional calculations. The signal-to-noise ratio in the various correlation functions is explored and is found to degrade exponentially faster than naive expectations on many time-slices. This is due to backward propagating states arising from the anti-periodic boundary conditions imposed on the quark-propagators in the time-direction. We explore how best to distribute computational resources between configuration generation and propagator measurements in order to optimize the extraction of single baryon observables.

hep-lat↗
arXiv2009

Light hadron spectroscopy using domain wall valence quarks on an Asqtad sea

We calculate the light hadron spectrum in full QCD using two plus one flavor Asqtad sea quarks and domain wall valence quarks. Meson and baryon masses are calculated on a lattice of spatial size $L \approx 2.5$\texttt{fm}, and a lattice spacing of $a \approx 0.124$\texttt{fm}, for pion masses as light as $m_π\approx 300$\texttt{MeV}, and compared with the results by the MILC collaboration with Asqtad valence quarks at the same lattice spacing. Two- and three-flavor chiral extrapolations of the baryon masses are performed using both continuum and mixed-action heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory. Both the three-flavor and two-flavor functional forms describe our lattice results, although the low-energy constants from the next-to-leading order SU(3) fits are inconsistent with their phenomenological values. Next-to-next-to-leading order SU(2) continuum formulae provide a good fit to the data and yield and extrapolated nucleon mass consistent with experiment, but the convergence pattern indicates that even our lightest pion mass may be at the upper end of the chiral regime. Surprisingly, our nucleon masses are essentially lineaer in $m_π$ over our full range of pion masses, and we show this feature is common to all recent dynamical calculations of the nucleon mass. The origin of this linearity is not presently understood, and lighter pion masses and increased control of systematic errors will be needed to resolve this puzzling behavior.

hep-lat↗
arXiv2009

Strange Baryon Electromagnetic Form Factors and SU(3) Flavor Symmetry Breaking

We study the nucleon, Sigma and cascade octet baryon electromagnetic form factors and the effects of SU(3) flavor symmetry breaking from 2+1-flavor lattice calculations. We find that electric and magnetic radii are similar; the maximum discrepancy is about 10%. In the pion-mass region we explore, both the quark-component and full-baryon moments have small SU(3) symmetry breaking. We extrapolate the charge radii and the magnetic moments using three-flavor heavy-baryon chiral perturbation theory (HBXPT). The systematic errors due to chiral and continuum extrapolations remain significant, giving rise to charge radii for $p$ and $Σ^-$ that are 3--4 standard deviations away from the known experimental ones. Within these systematics the predicted $Σ^+$ and $Ξ^-$ radii are 0.67(5) and 0.306(15) fm$^2$ respectively. When the next-to-next-to-leading order of HBXPT is included, the extrapolated magnetic moments are less than 3 standard deviations away from PDG values, and the discrepancy is possibly due to remaining chiral and continuum extrapolation errors.

hep-lat↗
arXiv2008

Charmed Hadron Interactions

We compute the scattering lengths of charmed mesons and charmonia scattering with light hadrons in full QCD. We use Fermilab formulation for the charm quark and domain-wall fermions for the light quarks and staggered sea quarks. Four different light-quark masses are used to extrapolate to the physical point. The charmed baryon spectrum is also presented.

hep-lat↗
arXiv2008

Challenges in Hadronic Form Factor Calculations

There is an extensive history of form factor calculations on the lattice, primarily with ground states for both initial and final states. However, there have never been any radially excited transition form factor calculations. Furthermore, the lattice faces difficulty in extracting signal from noise at large transfer momenta ($Q^2$). These measurements could give important theoretical input to experiments, such as those of JLab's 12 GeV program and studies of deformation of the nucleon. In this work, I will present a simple technique to resolve both of these difficulties and present results from anisotropic configurations showing improved signals for excited-state quantities. It should also be possible to apply this technique to isotropic lattices for calculating large-$Q^2$ form factors.

hep-lat↗
arXiv2008

Kaon Condensation with Lattice QCD

Kaon condensation may play an important role in the structure of hadronic matter at densities greater than that of nuclear matter, as exist in the interior of neutron stars. We present the results of the first lattice QCD investigation of kaon condensation obtained by studying systems containing up to twelve negatively charged kaons. Surprisingly, the properties of the condensate that we calculate are remarkably well reproduced by leading order chiral perturbation theory. In our analysis, we also determine the three-kaon interaction from the multi-kaon systems and update our results for pion condensates.

hep-lat↗
arXiv2008

Mixed Meson Masses with Domain-Wall Valence and Staggered Sea Fermions

Mixed action lattice calculations allow for an additive lattice spacing dependent mass renormalization of mesons composed of one sea and one valence quark, regardless of the type of fermion discretization methods used in the valence and sea sectors. The value of the mass renormalization depends upon the lattice actions used. This mixed meson mass shift is an important lattice artifact to determine for mixed action calculations; because it modifies the pion mass, it plays a central role in the low energy dynamics of all hadronic correlation functions. We determine the leading order, $\mathcal{O}(a^2)$, and next to leading order, $\mathcal{O}(a^2 m_π^2)$, additive mass shift of \textit{valence-sea} mesons for a mixed lattice action with domain-wall valence fermions and rooted staggered sea fermions, relevant to the majority of current large scale mixed action lattice efforts. We find that on the asqtad improved coarse MILC lattices, this additive mass shift is well parameterized in lattice units by $Δ(am)^2 = 0.034(2) -0.06(2) (a m_π)^2$, which in physical units, using $a=0.125$ fm, corresponds to $Δ(m)^2 = (291\pm 8 \textrm{MeV})^2 -0.06(2) m_π^2$. In terms of the mixed action effective field theory parameters, the corresponding mass shift is given by $a^2 Δ_\mathrm{Mix} = (316 \pm 4 \textrm{MeV})^2$ at leading order plus next-to-leading order corrections including the necessary chiral logarithms for this mixed action calculation, determined in this work. Within the precision of our calculation, one can not distinguish between the full next-to-leading order effective field theory analysis of this additive mixed meson mass shift and the parameterization given above.

hep-lat↗
arXiv2008

Hadronic Interactions from Lattice QCD

We present an overview of recent efforts to calculate the interactions among hadrons using lattice QCD. After outlining the techniques that are used to extract scattering parameters, we detail the latest calculations of meson-meson scattering, baryon-baryon scattering and multi-meson systems obtained with domain-wall valence quarks on the staggered MILC lattices by the NPLQCD collaboration. Estimates of the computational resources required to achieve precision results in the baryon sector are presented.

hep-lat↗