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Kuang-Ta Chao

Publications and source records attributed to Kuang-Ta Chao.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

Decays of the X(3872) and $χ_{c1}(2P)$ charmonium

We re-examine the re-scattering mechanism for the X(3872), as a candidate for the 2P charmonium state $χ_{c1}(2P)$, decaying to $J/ψρ(ω)$ through exchanging $D^{(*)}$ mesons between intermediate states $D(\bar{D})$ and $\bar{D}^*(D^*)$. We evaluate the dispersive part, as well as the absorptive one, of the re-scattering amplitude and find that the contribution from the dispersive part is dominant even when X(3872) lies above the threshold of the neutral channel $th_n=m_{D^0}+m_{D^{*0}}$. We predict $R_{ρ/ω}\simeq 1$ for the $m_X$ region scanned by experiments. Meanwhile, we also estimate the rate of $X\to D^0\bar{D}^{0}π^0$. Our results favor a charmonium interpretation of X(3872) when it lies slightly below the threshold of $D^0\bar{D}^{*0}$. Furthermore, we evaluated the width of $X\to J/ψρ$ with the help of a phenomenological effective coupling constant $g_X$, and find the total width of X(3872) to be in the range of 1-2 MeV.

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Relativistic corrections to $J/ψ$ exclusive and inclusive double charm production at B factories

In order to clarify the puzzling problems in double charm production, relativistic corrections at order $v^{2}$ to the processes $e^{+}e^{-}\to J/ψ+η_{c}$ and $e^{+}e^{-}\to J/ψ+c\bar{c}$ at B factories are studied in non-relativistic quantum chromodynamics. The short-distance parts of production cross sections are calculated perturbatively, while the long-distance matrix elements are estimated from $J/ψ$ and $η_c$ decays up to errors of order $v^4$. Our results show that the relativistic correction to the exclusive process $e^{+}e^{-}\to J/ψ+η_{c}$ is significant, which, when combined together with the next-to-leading order $α_{s}$ corrections, could resolve the large discrepancy between theory and experiment; whereas for the inclusive process $e^{+}e^{-}\to J/ψ+c\bar{c}$ the relativistic correction is tiny and negligible. The physical reason for the above difference between exclusive and inclusive processes largely lies in the fact that in the exclusive process the relative momentum between quarks in charmonium substantially reduces the virtuality of the gluon that converts into a charm quark pair, but this is not the case for the inclusive process, in which the charm quark fragmentation $c\to J/ψ+c$ is significant, and QCD radiative corrections can be more essential.

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Double charm production e^+ e^- \to J/ψ+ c \bar{c} at B factories with next-to-leading order QCD corrections

The inclusive $J/ψ$ production in $e^+ e^- \to J/ψc\bar c$ at B factories is one of the most challenging open problems in heavy quarkonium physics. The observed cross section of this double charm production process is larger than existing leading order (LO) QCD predictions by a factor of 5. In the nonrelativistic QCD (NRQCD) factorization formalism, we calculate the next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD virtual and real corrections to this process, and find that these corrections can substantially enhance the cross section with a $K$ factor of about 1.8. We further take into account the feeddown contributions from higher charmonium states (mainly the $ψ(2S)$ as well as $χ_{cJ}$) and the two-photon contributions, and find that the discrepancy between theory and experiment can be largely removed.

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Radiative decays of bottomonia into charmonia and light mesons

In the framework of nonrelativistic QCD, we study the radiative decays of bottomonia into charmonia, including $Υ\to χ_{cJ}γ$, $Υ\to η_cγ$, $η_b\to J/ψγ$, and $χ_{bJ}\to J/ψγ$. We give predictions for their branching ratios with numerical calculations. E.g., we predict the branching ratio for $η_b\to J/ψγ$ is about $1\times 10^{-7}$. As a phenomenological model study, we further extend our calculation to the radiative decays of bottomonia into light mesons by assuming the $f_2(1270)$, $f_2'(1525)$ and other light mesons to be described by nonrelativistic $q\bar q ~(q=u,d,s)$ bound states with constituent quark masses. The calculated branching ratios for $Υ\to f_2(1270)γ$ and $Υ\to f_2'(1525)γ$ are roughly consistent with the CLEO data. Comparisons with radiative decays of charmonium into light mesons such as $J/ψ\to f_2(1270)γ$ are also given. In all calculations the QED contributions are taken into account and found to be significant in some processes.

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$Υ$ radiative decays to light quark jets and color octet mechanism

We study radiative decays of $Υ$ to light quark jets in nonrelativistic QCD by taking both the color singlet and color octet $b\bar b$ operators into consideration. The cut for quark jet energy and cut for the angle between two quark jets are introduced. The sensitivity to the soft and collinear singularities in the loop integrals are greatly reduced by these cuts. With the jet energy cut of about 1 GeV, and the jet angle cut of about $36^\circ$, the branching ratio for $Υ\toγq\bar q$ is found to be $8.2\times 10^{-4}$ from color singlet contributions. The color octet contributions could be much larger than that of color singlet, depending on the estimate of the color octet matrix elements. This process may provide a new test for the color octet mechanism in nonrelativistic QCD.

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Radiative decays of charmonium into light mesons

We apply perturbative QCD to the radiative decays of charmonia $J/ψ$ and $χ_{cJ}$ into light mesons. We perform a complete numerical calculation for the quark-gluon loop diagrams involved in these processes. The calculated $J/ψ$ decay branching ratios to P-wave mesons $f_2(1270)$ and $f_1(1285)$ fit the data well, while that of $f_0(980)$ (if treated as an $s\bar s$ meson) is predicted to be $1.6\times 10^{-4}$, which implies that $f_0(1710)$ can not be the $s\bar s$ or $(u\bar u+d\bar d)/\sqrt{2}$ meson. Decays of P-wave charmonia $χ_{cJ}\to ρ(ω, ϕ)γ$ (J=0,1,2) are also studied, and the branching ratio of $χ_{c1}\to ργ$ is predicted to be $1.4\times 10^{-5}$, which may be tested by CLEO-c and BESIII with future experiments.

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Puzzles in $B\to h_c(χ_{c2})K$ Decays and QCD Factorization

We study the factorization-forbidden decays $B\to h_c K$ and $B\toχ_{c2}K$ in the QCD factorization approach. If neglecting the vertex corrections and regularizing the end-point singularities in spectator corrections properly, we get small branching ratios for both the two decay modes, which are roughly consistent with the experimental upper limits. This is in contrast to another factorization-forbidden decay $B\to χ_{c0}K$, for which a large decay rate is obtained in the same approach.

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Nonfactorizable $B\toχ_{c0}K$ decay and QCD factorization

We study the unexpectedly large rate for the factorization-forbidden decay $B\to χ_{c0}K$ within the QCD factorization approach. We use a non-zero gluon mass to regularize the infrared divergences in vertex corrections. The end-point singularities arising from spectator corrections are regularized and carefully estimated by the off-shellness of quarks. We find that the contributions arising from the vertex and leading-twist spectator corrections are numerically small, and the twist-3 spectator contribution with chiral enhancement and linear end-point singularity becomes dominant. With reasonable choices for the parameters, the branching ratio for $B\toχ_{c0}K$ decay is estimated to be in the range $(2-4)\times 10^{-4}$, which is compatible with the Belle and BaBar data.

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$ψ(3770)$ and $B$ meson exclusive decay $B \to ψ(3770) K$ in QCD factorization

Belle has observed surprisingly copious production of $ψ(3770)$ in $B$ meson decay $B\to ψ(3770)K$, of which the rate is comparable to that of $B\to ψ(3686)K$. We study this puzzling process in the QCD factorization approach with the effect of S-D mixing considered. We find that the soft scattering effects in the spectator interactions play an essential role. With a proper parametrization for the higher twist soft end-point singularities associated with kaon, and with the S-D mixing angle $θ=-12^{\circ}$, the calculated decay rates can be close to the data. Implications of these soft spectator effects to other charmonium production in $B$ exclusive decays are also emphasized.

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A short note on $q\bar qg$ hybrid assignment for $X(1812)\to ωϕ$

BES Collaboration has recently observed an enhancement near the $ωϕ$ threshold in the double OZI suppressed decay $J/ψ\toγωϕ$. This $ωϕ$ enhancement is probably due to a new $J^{PC}=0^{++}$ X(1812) state. We discuss a possible assignment that the X(1812) is a $ 1/\sqrt{2}(u\bar u+d\bar d)g$ (or $s\bar sg$) hybrid meson. We suggest further measurements to test these assignments.

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$B\toχ_{c1}(1P,2P)K$ decays in QCD factorization and X(3872)

$B\toχ_{c1}(1P,2P)K$ decays are studied in QCD factorization by treating charmonia as nonrelativistic bound states. No infrared divergences exist in the vertex corrections, while the logarithmic end-point singularities in the hard spectator corrections can be regularized by a momentum cutoff. With certain uncertainties we find that the $B\toχ_{c1}(2P)K$ decay rate can be comparable to $B\toχ_{c1}(1P)K$, and get $Br(B^0 \to χ_{c1}' K^0) =Br(B^+ \to χ_{c1}' K^+)\approx 2\times 10^{-4}$. This might imply a possible interpretation for the newly discovered X(3872) that this state has a dominant $J^{PC} = 1^{++}(2P)$ $c\bar c$ component but mixed with a substantial $D^0\bar{D}^{*0}+D^{*0}\bar{D}^0$ continuum component.

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A note on possible interpretations for the $D_{SJ}^+(2632)$ observed by SELEX

We suggest some possible interpretations for the $D_{SJ}^+(2632)$ observed by SELEX. The $D_{SJ}^+(2632)$ could be the first radial excitation of the $1^-$ ground state $\rm{D_s}^*$(2112), and its unusual decay patten might be hopefully explained by the node structure of the wave functions. In addition, the $D_{SJ}^+(2632)$ could also be a $c\bar sg$ hybrid state or a $(cs)_{3^*}-(\bar s\bar s)_{3}$ (diquark-antidiquark) bound state.

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S-D mixing and $ψ(3770)$ production in $e^+e^-$ annihilation and B decay and its radiative transitions

The large decay rate observed by Belle for $B^+\toψ(3770)K^+$, which is comparable to $B^+\toψ(3686)K^+$, might indicate either an unexpectedly large S-D mixing angle $|θ|\approx 40^o$ or the leading role of the color-octet mechanism in D-wave charmonium production in B decay. By calculating the production rate of $ψ(3770)$ in the continuum $e^+e^-$ annihilation at $\sqrt{s}=10.6$ GeV with these two possible approaches (i.e. the large S-D mixing and the color-octet mechanism), we show that the measurement for this process at Belle and BaBar may provide a clear cut clarification for the two approaches. In addition, the radiative E1 transition ratio $Γ(ψ(3770)\to γχ_{c2})/Γ(ψ(3770)\to γχ_{c1})$ may dramatically change from $\sim$ 0.04 (for $θ\approx 0^o$) to $\sim$ 200 (for $θ\approx -40^o$) due to the large S-D interference effect, thus the E1 transition measurement of $ψ(3770)$ at BES and CLEO-c will also be very useful in clarifying this issue.

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Inclusive Charmonium Production via Double $c \bar c$ in $e^+e^-$ Annihilation

Motivated by the recent observation of double charm quark pair production by the Belle Collaboration, we calculate the complete ${\cal O}(α_{s}^{2})$ inclusive production cross sections for $η_{c}$, $J/ψ$, and $χ_{cJ}$(J=0, 1, 2) plus $c\bar{c}$ in $e^+ e^-$ annihilation through a virtual photon. We consider both color-singlet and color-octet contributions, and give the analytical expressions for these cross sections. The complete color-singlet calculations are compared with the approximate fragmentation calculations as functions of the center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}$. We find that most of the fragmentation results substantially overestimate the cross sections (e.g. by a factor of $\sim$4 for $χ_{c1}$ and $χ_{c2}$) at the Belle and BaBar energy $\sqrt{s}=10.6$GeV. The fragmentation results become a good approximation only when $\sqrt{s}$ is higher than about 100GeV. We further calculate the color-octet contributions to these cross sections with analytical expressions. We find that while the color-octet contribution to $J/ψ$ inclusive production via double charm is negligible (only about 3%), the color-octet contributions to $χ_{c1}$ and $χ_{c2}$ can be significant.

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Infrared divergences of $B$ meson exclusive decays to P-wave charmonia in QCD factorization and nonrelativistic QCD

In the framework of QCD factorization, we study the $B$ meson exclusive decays $B\to χ_{cJ}K$ where the spin-triplet P-wave charmonium states $χ_{cJ}(J=0,1,2)$ are described by the color-singlet non-relativistic wave functions. We find that for these decays (except $χ_{c1}$) there are infrared divergences arising from nonfactorizable vertex corrections as well as logarithmic end-point singularities arising from nonfactorizable spectator interactions at leading-twist order. The infrared divergences due to vertex corrections will explicitly break down QCD factorization within the color-singlet model for charmonia. Unlike in the inclusive decays where the higher Fock states with color-octet $c \bar c$ pair and soft gluon can make contributions to remove the infrared divergences, their contributions can not be accommodated in the exclusive two body decays. As a result, the infrared divergences encountered in exclusive processes involving charmonia may raise a new question to the QCD factorization and NRQCD factorization in B exclusive decays.

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Problems of QCD factorization in exclusive decays of B meson to charmonium

We study the exclusive decays of $B$ meson into P-wave charmonium states $χ_{cJ}(J=0,1)$ in the QCD factorization approach with light-cone distribution functions describing the mesons in the processes. For $B \to χ_{c1} K$ decay, we find that there are logarithmic divergences arising from nonfactorizable spectator interactions even at twist-2 order and the decay rate is too small to accommodate the experimental data. For $B\to χ_{c0} K$ decay, we find that aside from the logarithmic divergences arising from spectator interactions at leading-twist order, more importantly, the factorization will break down due to the infrared divergence arising from nonfactorizable vertex corrections, which is independent of the specific form of the light-cone distribution functions. Our results may indicate that QCD factorization in the present form may not be safely applied to $B$-meson exclusive decays to charmonium states.

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Production of $J/ψ+c\bar{c}$ through two photons in $e^+e^-$ annihilation

We study the production of $J/ψ+c\bar{c}$ in $e^+e^-$ annihilation through two virtual photons. The cross section is estimated to be 23 fb at $\sqrt{s}=10.6$ GeV, which is smaller by a factor of six than the calculated cross section for the same process but through one virtual photon. As a result, while the annihilation into two photons may be important for certain exclusive production processes, the big gap between the inclusive production cross section $σ(e^+e^- \to J/ψ+ c\bar{c})\simeq$ 0.9pb observed by Belle and the current nonrelativistic QCD prediction of $\simeq$0.15pb still remains very puzzling. We find, however, as the center-of-mass energy increases ($\sqrt{s}>20$ GeV) the production through two virtual photons $e^+e^- \to 2γ^* \to J/ψ+ c\bar{c}$ will prevail over that through one virtual photon, because in the former process the photon fragmentation into $J/ψ$ and into the charmed quark pair becomes more important at higher energies.

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