arXiv subjects

Kumar Gautam

Publications and source records attributed to Kumar Gautam.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Quantum Radar System Using Born-Feynman path integrals approach

The paper relates to a quantum radar deployment by the Born-Feynman path integrals approach based on quantum dots. The radar system comprises a quantum dot-based entangled photon generator, a transmission module, a delay line, a detection module, and a signal processing unit. The quantum dot-based entangled photon generator produces entangled photon pairs via spontaneous parametric down-conversion or stimulated emission. The signal transmission module, equipped with a microwave antenna and beamforming elements, directs the signal photon toward a target. The delay line module synchronizes the retained idler photon with the returning signal photon, preserving quantum coherence. The detection module collects the reflected signal photon and uses a cryogenically cooled superconducting nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD) for detection. Finally, the signal processing unit analyzes the quantum correlation between the scattered and idler photons to enable precise quantum state comparison.

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arXiv2025

Realization of Graphene Quantum Dots for Innovative Biosensor Development and Diverse Applications

This paper investigates quantum dots (QDs), which are miniature semiconductor structures with remarkable optical and electrical properties due to quantum confinement processes. Traditional QDs, such as CdTe, have been extensively investigated; however, they frequently exhibit toxicity and stability issues. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are emerging as a safer and more stable alternative to traditional QDs. GQDs are honeycomb-lattice carbon atoms with unique electronic and optical properties that make them promising candidates for biomedical, electronic, and energy storage applications. GQD synthesis methods (top-down and bottom-up) and their advantages over standard QDs include better photostability, biocompatibility, and configurable band gaps. GQDs are perfect for real-world uses like sensitive biosensing, real-time food safety monitoring, and smart packaging because of their low toxicity, high sensitivity, and affordability. These uses are all essential for cutting down on food grain waste. This emphasizes the growing significance of GQDs in advancing nanotechnology and their potential integration with quantum technologies, paving the door for creative solutions in biosensing, food safety, environmental monitoring, and future quantum electronics.

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arXiv2024

Supersymmetry-Driven Quantum Gate Design Based on Feynman Path Integral and TPCP Map Optimization

We use supersymmetry to enlarge the dimension of the Hilbert space on which the unitary evolution of the state of the quantum fields acts. We discuss how to control the unitary evolution or TPCP maps generated by the quantum evolution of the fields by controlling the vacuum expectations of other fields in the theory. This amounts to breaking supersymmetry using control vacuum expectation values of the other fields. The evolution of the wave functional or TPCP maps obtained by tracing out over other fields is based on the Feynman path integral formula for the fields. By using the methods of quantum stochastic filtering, we estimate the evolving state of the fields from non-demolition noise measurements and then design a family of TPCP maps evolving in time whose outputs match the estimated evolving state. In this way, we are able to simulate the evolution of the state of the quantum noisy fields. Direct matching of the designed TPCP map to output the evolving system state is not possible since there is no way by which we can determine the exact evolving state, we can only estimate it using non-demolition measurements. The family of designed TPCP maps can be based on using a simulated master equation with unknown parameters incorporated into the Hamiltonian and the other Lindblad operators, chosen so as to match the state outputted by the quantum filter.

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arXiv2024

Study And Implementation of Unitary Gates in Quantum Computation Using Schrodinger Dynamics

This thesis explores the concept of realizing quantum gates using physical systems like atoms and oscillators perturbed by electric and magnetic fields. The basic idea is that if a time-independent Hamiltonian $H_0$ is perturbed by a time-varying Hamiltonian of the form $f(t)V$, where $f(t)$ is a scalar function of time and $V$ is a Hermitian operator that does not commute with $H_0$, then a large class of unitary operators can be realized via the Schrodinger evolution corresponding to the time-varying Hamiltonian $H_0+f(t)V$. This is a consequence of the Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff formula in Lie groups and Lie algebras. The thesis addresses two problems based on this idea: first, taking a Harmonic oscillator and perturbing it with a time-independent anharmonic term, and then computing $U_g=e^{-\iota T H_1}$. Then, perturbing the harmonic Hamiltonian with a linear time-dependent term, and calculating the unitary evolution corresponding to $H(t)$ at time $T$. This gate can be expressed as $U(T)=U(T,\epsilon,f)=T\{e^{-\iota\int_0^TH(t)dt}\}$.The anharmonic gate $U_g$ is replaced by a host of commonly used gates in quantum computation, such as controlled unitary gates and quantum Fourier transform gates. The control electric field is selected appropriately. The thesis also addresses the controllability issue, determining under what conditions there exists a scalar real valued function of time $f(t), 0\leq t\leq T$ such that if $|\psi_\iota\rangle$ is any initial wave function and $|\psi_f\rangle$ is any final wave function, then $U(T,f)|\psi_i\rangle=|\psi_f\rangle$. A partial solution was obtained by replacing the unitary evolution kernel by its Dyson series truncated version. In all design procedures, the gates that appear are infinite-dimensional, with an interaction between the atom and the electromagnetic field modulated by a controllable function of time.

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arXiv2023

Quantum gate synthesis by small perturbation of a free particle in a box with electric field

A quantum unitary gate is realized in this paper by perturbing a free charged particle in a one-dimensional box with a time- and position-varying electric field. The perturbed Hamiltonian is composed of a free particle Hamiltonian plus a perturbing electric potential such that the Schr$\ddot{o}$dinger evolution in time $T$, the unitary evolution operator of the unperturbed system after truncation to a finite number of energy levels, approximates a given unitary gate such as the quantum Fourier transform gate. The idea is to truncate the half-wave Fourier sine series to $M$ terms in the spatial variable $\mathbf x$ before extending the potential as a Dyson series in the interaction picture to compute the evolution operator matrix elements up to the linear and quadratic integral functionals of $ \mathbf V_n(t)'$s. As a result, we used the Dyson series with the Frobenius norm to reduce the difference between the derived gate energy and the given gate energy, and we determined the temporal performance criterion by plotting the noise-to-signal energy ratio (NSER). A mathematical explanation for a quantum gate's magnetic control has also been provided. In addition, we provide a mathematical explanation for a quantum gate that uses magnetic control.

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