A master identity for Horadam numbers
We derive an identity involving Horadam numbers. Numerous new identities as well as those found in the existing literature are subsumed in this single identity.
arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Kunle Adegoke.
We derive an identity involving Horadam numbers. Numerous new identities as well as those found in the existing literature are subsumed in this single identity.
We derive an identity connecting any two second-order linear recurrence sequences having the same recurrence relation but whose initial terms may be different. Binomial and ordinary summation identities arising from the identity are developed. Illustrative examples are drawn from Fibonacci, Fibonacci-Lucas, Pell, Pell-Lucas, Jacobsthal and Jacobsthal-Lucas sequences and their generalizations. Our new results subsume previously known identities.
We derive a general recurrence relation for squares of Fibonacci-like numbers. Various properties are developed, including double binomial summation identites.
Only one three-term recurrence relation, namely, $W_{r}=2W_{r-1}-W_{r-4}$, is known for the generalized Tribonacci numbers, $W_r$, $r\in\mathbb{Z}$, defined by $W_{r}=W_{r-1}+W_{r-2}+W_{r-3}$ and \mbox{$W_{-r}=W_{-r+3}-W_{-r+2}-W_{-r+1}$}, where $W_0$, $W_1$ and $W_2$ are given, arbitrary integers, not all zero. Also, only one four-term addition formula is known for these numbers, which is, $W_{r + s} = T_{s - 1} W_{r - 1} + (T_{s - 1} + T_{s-2} )W_r + T_s W_{r + 1}$, where $({T_r})_{r\in\mathbb{Z}}$ is the Tribonacci sequence, a special case of the generalized Tribonacci sequence, with $W_0=T_0=0$ and $W_1=W_2=T_1=T_2=1$. In this paper we discover three new three-term recurrence relations and two identities from which a plethora of new addition formulas for the generalized Tribonacci numbers may be discovered. We obtain a simple relation connecting the Tribonacci numbers and the Tribonacci-Lucas numbers. Finally, we derive quadratic and cubic recurrence relations for the generalized Tribonacci numbers.
By expressing Fibonacci and Lucas numbers in terms of the powers of the golden ratio, $α=(1+\sqrt 5)/2$ and its inverse, $β=-1/α=(1-\sqrt 5)/2$, a multitude of Fibonacci and Lucas identities have been developed in the literature. In this paper, we follow the reverse course: we derive numerous Fibonacci and Lucas identities by making use of the well-known expressions for the powers of $α$ and $β$ in terms of Fibonacci and Lucas numbers.
We derive a new Fibonacci identity. This single identity subsumes important known identities such as those of Catalan, Ruggles, Halton and others, as well as standard general identities found in the books by Vajda, Koshy and others. We also derive several binomial and ordinary summation identities arising from this identity; in particular we obtain a generalization of Halton's general Fibonacci identity.
We present numerous interesting, mostly new, results involving the $n$-step Fibonacci numbers and $n$-step Lucas numbers and a generalization. Properties considered include recurrence relations, summation identities, including binomial and double binomial summation identities, partial sums and ordinary generating functions. Explicit examples are given for small $n$ values.
We derive several identities for arbitrary homogeneous second order recurrence sequences with constant coefficients. The results are then applied to present a unified study of six well known integer sequences, namely the Fibonacci sequence, the sequence of Lucas numbers, the Jacobsthal sequence, the Jacobsthal-Lucas sequence, the Pell sequence and the Pell-Lucas sequence.
We prove some identities for the squares of generalized Tribonacci numbers. Various summation identities involving these numbers are derived.
We derive weighted sums, including binomial and double binomial sums, for the generalized Fibonacci sequence $\{G_m\}$ where for $m\ge 2$, $G_m=G_{m-1}+G_{m-2}$ with initial values $G_0$ and $G_1$.
We derive various weighted summation identities, including binomial and double binomial identities, for Tribonacci numbers. Our results contain some previously known results as special cases.
We derive weighted summation identities involving the second order recurrence sequence $\{w_n\} =\{ w_n(a,b; p, q)\}$ defined by $w_0 = a,\,w_1 = b;\,w_n = pw_{n - 1} - qw_{n - 2}\, (n \ge 2)$, where $a$, $b$, $p$ and $q$ are arbitrary complex numbers, with $p\ne 0$ and $q\ne 0$.
We derive a formula for the evaluation of weighted generalized Fibonacci sums of the type $S_k^n (w,r) = \sum_{j = 0}^k {w^j j^r G_j{}^n }$. Several explicit evaluations are presented as examples.
We present new infinite arctangent sums and infinite sums of products of arctangents. Many previously known evaluations appear as special cases of the general results derived in this paper.
We extend a result of I. J. Good and prove more symmetry properties of sums involving generalized Fibonacci numbers
We obtain explicit factored closed-form expressions for Fibonacci and Lucas sums of the form \mbox{$\sum_{k = 1}^n {F_{2rk}^3 }$} and \mbox{$\sum_{k = 1}^n {L_{2rk}^3 }$}, where $r$~and~$n$ are integers.
We obtain closed-form expressions for all sums of the form \mbox{$\sum_{k = 1}^n {F_{mk}{}^4 }$} and \mbox{$\sum_{k = 1}^n {L_{mk}{}^4 }$} and their alternating versions, where $F_i$ and $L_i$ denote Fibonacci and Lucas numbers respectively. Our results complement those of Melham who studied the alternating sums.
Using heuristic arguments alone, based on the properties of the wavefunctions, we obtain the energy eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenfunctions of the one-dimensional harmonic oscillator. This approach is considerably simpler and is perhaps more intuitive than the traditional methods of solving a differential equation and manipulating operators.