Deep-UV bleaching of charge disorder in encapsulated graphene
Disorder masks much of the rich physics in two-dimensional electronic systems, with charged impurities often the limiting factor. In graphene, progress in reducing disorder has largely stagnated since boron nitride encapsulation was introduced a decade ago. Here we show that a brief deep-UV exposure enhances the electronic quality of encapsulated graphene - typically by two orders of magnitude - by neutralizing charged impurities within boron nitride. Following illumination, standard graphene devices exhibit numerous evendenominator fractional quantum Hall states, including non-Abelian candidates, and frequently reveal hidden superlattice minibands. Even macroscopically inhomogeneous devices, seemingly unusable for transport studies, recover after deep-UV illumination and display Landau quantization in millitesla fields. This finding provides a straightforward route to exceptional-quality graphene, enabling further exploration of interaction-driven, topological and other quantum phenomena.