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L. C. N. Santos

Publications and source records attributed to L. C. N. Santos.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Black string immersed in perfect fluid dark matter

We present an exact four-dimensional black string solution immersed in perfect fluid dark matter within an anti-de Sitter background. By solving the Einstein field equations for an anisotropic fluid, we obtain a metric function that modifies the standard black string geometry through a logarithmic term governed by the dark matter parameter $α$. The event horizon radii are analytically determined using the Lambert $W$ function, and the Kretschmann scalar confirms a genuine curvature singularity at the origin alongside the expected asymptotic behavior. Furthermore, we evaluate the thermodynamic properties of the solution. The heat capacity diverges at a critical horizon radius for $α>0$, a behavior commonly associated with a thermodynamic phase transition in a regime where the weak energy condition is violated.

gr-qc↗

Thermodynamics and quasinormal modes of the regular Dymnikova-Letelier black hole

In this work, we investigate the thermodynamic properties and quasinormal modes of a regular Dymnikova-Letelier black hole. Starting from the Einstein field equations sourced by an effective anisotropic fluid, we analyze the resulting spacetime geometry and derive the associated thermodynamic quantities, including the Hawking temperature, heat capacity, and Gibbs free energy. The thermodynamic analysis reveals the existence of phase transitions characterized by divergences in the heat capacity, whose location depends sensitively on the string fluid parameter. We then study the dynamical response of the system under scalar perturbations by computing the quasinormal mode spectrum using the sixth-order WKB approximation. Our results show that, for all considered values of the parameters, the imaginary part of the quasinormal frequencies remains negative, while the real part stays positive, indicating the stability of the black hole under scalar perturbations. Furthermore, the presence of the string fluid leads to systematic shifts in both the oscillation frequencies and damping rates. These results demonstrate that the string fluid significantly affects both the thermodynamic behavior and the dynamical stability of the Dymnikova-Letelier spacetime.

gr-qc↗

Kiselev black strings in $f(R,T)$ gravity

In this work, we investigate exact black string solutions in the context of $f(R,T)$ gravity. Adopting the specific form $f(R,T) = R + 2χT$, we consider an anisotropic Kiselev fluid as the matter content and obtain static cylindrical solutions, which are then extended to the rotating case through a suitable coordinate transformation. The influence of the quintessence state parameter $w_q$ and the matter--geometry coupling constant $χ$ on the geometry is analyzed. We examine the weak, null, and strong energy conditions, identifying the regions in the parameter space where they are satisfied. Furthermore, we apply the Hamilton--Jacobi method to study the tunneling of scalar particles across the event horizon and derive the corresponding Hawking temperature. The thermodynamic stability of the solutions is investigated by computing the heat capacity, and the conditions for phase transitions are discussed. The results provide a characterization of black strings in $f(R,T)$ gravity surrounded by quintessence, highlighting the combined effects of anisotropic matter and modified gravity on their physical properties.

gr-qc↗

Scalar Bosons with Coulomb Potentials in a Space with Dual Topological Defects in Rainbow Gravity

This work studies the relativistic quantum dynamics of scalar bosons in a spacetime containing both a cosmic string and a global monopole within the framework of Rainbow Gravity. An effective metric is constructed to describe the combined topological defects together with the energy-dependent deformation of spacetime. The Klein-Gordon equation is formulated in this background, including scalar, vector, and nonminimal couplings, and its solutions are obtained by separation of variables. Generalized Coulomb-type interactions are considered, allowing a unified analysis of scattering and bound states. The bound-state spectrum is determined from the poles of the corresponding $S$-matrix. Two specific choices of rainbow functions are examined, and their influence on the energy spectrum is analyzed through numerical calculations and, in suitable limits, analytical approximations. The results show how the interplay between topological defects and rainbow gravity corrections affects the spectral properties of scalar bosons, while known results are consistently recovered in appropriate limits.

gr-qc↗

Traversable wormholes from a smoothed string fluid in 4D Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity

We investigate traversable wormhole solutions in four-dimensional Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet (EGB) gravity sourced by a smoothed string fluid. Originally proposed to model regular black holes, this energy density profile is adapted here to sustain wormhole geometries by allowing for a radially varying equation of state. We obtain zero-tidal-force solutions that satisfy all traversability criteria and remain globally regular. The Gauss-Bonnet (GB) coupling $α$ plays a central role in shaping the throat geometry. We identify a parameter region ($α\geq 1$, $\varepsilon \leq 0.1$) in which the null energy condition is satisfied in the vicinity of the throat, representing a significant improvement over general relativistic counterparts. The interplay between the smoothing scale $a$ and the string density $\varepsilon$ ensures finite curvature invariants while reducing the violation of energy conditions. An analysis of the volume integral quantifier and the complexity factor further shows that strong EGB coupling simultaneously suppresses gravitational complexity and the total amount of exotic matter. These results establish a unified framework in which the same string fluid source can generate both regular black holes and stable traversable wormholes, depending on the strength of higher-curvature corrections.

gr-qc↗

Quantum field theory-inspired cure for black hole singularities

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the study of regular black holes, driven by the search for singularity-free geometries. This research has revealed intriguing similarities between the regularization mechanisms used in black hole models and those employed in quantum field theory, such as the introduction of exponential suppression or energy cutoffs. We propose a systematic exponential cutoff regularization scheme for static, spherically symmetric black hole solutions in general relativity. The method explored in this paper serves as an alternative to the black-bounce singularity suppression mechanism proposed by Simpson and Visser, which involves a coordinate remapping $r \rightarrow\sqrt{r^2+a^2}$, as well as to the mechanism proposed by Bronnikov, which employs a Bardeen-type remapping in the metric. The method presented here introduces exponential factors in the mass function, smoothing curvature divergences and ensuring geodesic completeness under specific conditions. This approach allows the regularization of known singular spacetimes without altering their asymptotic structure. We analyze curvature invariants, horizon formation, and thermodynamic properties, showing that the regularized geometries avoid singularities while maintaining physical consistency. As examples of application, we regularize the Schwarzschild black hole and present a novel regularized Kiselev solution. The method provides a unified framework to systematically generate singularity-free black holes within classical general relativity

gr-qc↗

Five dimensional rotating and Quintessence black hole and their hypershadows

We present a new five-dimensional rotating quintessence black hole solution. To obtain this, we employ the $5D$ version of the Janis Newman algorithm, which incorporates the Hopf bifurcation. The variation of the quintessence parameter $w_q$ causes the geometry to transition from a regular rotating universe surrounded by a cosmological horizon to a singular rotating geometry, which can represent a naked singularity, a singular extremal black hole, or a singular black hole with both an inner and an outer (event) horizon. We have also determined the properties of the ergosphere. For the study of the shadow, we followed a novel approach in which the $2D$ shadow observed by humans corresponds to cross sections of the $3D$ shadow. We analyzed how quintessence affects both the size and shape of the black hole shadow, showing that increasing the quintessence strength reduces the shadow radius, contrary to the known results in $4D$. We also propose a speculative methodology to test the shadow behavior in five dimensional scenarios, in light of the constraints provided by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) concerning the shadow of the four-dimensional supermassive black hole M87. We identify scenarios in which the theoretical $5D$ results could be consistent with these observational constraints. We have also tested the circularity deviation of our shadows, finding that the results satisfy the bound $ΔC \leq 0.1$ both in the case with quintessence and in the limiting case without quintessence. Finally, we determine the energy conditions required to support the solution.

gr-qc↗

Charged scalar boson in Melvin universe

This work investigates the dynamics of a charged scalar boson in the Melvin universe by solving the Klein-Gordon equation with minimal coupling in both inertial and non-inertial frames. Non-inertial effects are introduced through a rotating reference frame, resulting in a modified spacetime geometry and the appearance of a critical radius that limits the radial domain of the field. Analytical solutions are obtained under appropriate approximations, and the corresponding energy spectra are derived. The results indicate that both the magnetic field and non-inertial effects modify the energy levels, with additional contributions depending on the coupling between the rotation parameter and the quantum numbers. A numerical analysis is also presented, illustrating the behavior of the solutions for two characteristic magnetic field scales: one that may be considered extreme, of the order of the ones proposed to be produced in heavy-ion collisions and another near the Planck scale.

gr-qc↗

Black holes as gravitational mirrors

Retrolensing is a gravitational lensing effect in which light emitted by a background source is deflected by a black hole and redirected toward the observer after undergoing nearly complete loops around the black hole. In this context, we explore the possibility of seeing objects of the solar system in past eras through telescope observations by using black holes as a gravitational mirror. We consider the motion of the light around Reissner-Nordström space-time and discuss the properties of the trajectories of boomerang photons. It was shown that, depending on the angle of emission and the position of the source, the photons could return to the emission point. Afterward, we explore the possibility of considering the returning photons in retrolensing geometry where the observer is between the source and the lens in which two classes of black holes are explored: The supermassive Sgr A* black hole at the galactic center and a nearby stellar black hole. For the first time in the literature, we propose the study of the returning photons of planets instead of stars in retrolensing geometry.

gr-qc↗

Cornell and Coulomb potentials in the double defect spacetime

We analyze the quantum dynamics of a scalar field in a spacetime incorporating dual topological defects, specifically a cosmic string and a global monopole. Utilizing a generalized metric that encapsulates the combined geometric effects of both defects, we solve the Klein--Gordon equation through separation of variables and examine the role of external potentials, with a focus on the generalized Cornell potential. A comparative analysis against the pure Coulomb potential is conducted to elucidate the modifications induced by the additional linear term. The presence of topological defects deforms the radial components of the wave equation, leading to energy spectrum shifts in bound states and alterations in scattering phase shifts. The results obtained provide a deeper theoretical foundation for understanding the behavior of spin-0 particles in nontrivial spacetime geometries, particularly in the presence of distinct potential interactions.

gr-qc↗

Bound and Scattering States in a Spacetime with Dual Topological Defects: Cosmic String and Global Monopole

This paper explores the relativistic quantum motion of scalar bosons in the presence of mixed topological defects: cosmic strings and global monopoles. The Klein-Gordon equation with generalized Coulomb potentials is analyzed in this background. The effects of these topological defects on the equations of motion, phase shifts, and the S-matrix are examined in detail. Bound state solutions are derived from the poles of the S-matrix. We provide analytical expressions for the energy spectrum of bound states, with particular attention to how the parameters of scalar and vector potentials affect the behavior of the system. Furthermore, we explore particular cases involving pure scalar, vector, and mixed scalar-vector potentials, showing how these scenarios impose particular conditions on the existence of bound states. Our results indicate that the solutions obtained associated with scattering and bound states depend significantly on the parameters of the topological defects.

gr-qc↗

Kiselev black holes in $f(R,T)$ gravity

We obtain new exact solutions for the gravitational field equations in the context of $f(R,T)$ gravity, thereby obtaining different classes of black holes surrounded by fluids, taking into account some specific values of the parameter of the equations of state, $w$. In order to obtain these solutions in the context of $f(R,T)$ gravity, we consider viable particular choices of the $f(R,T)$. Considering an anisotropic energy-momentum tensor, we write the field equations with the required symmetries for this type of solution. Then, we analyze the conditions of energy in a general way and also for particular values of the parameter $w$ of the equation of state. In addition, thermodynamic quantities, such as Hawking temperature and mass associated to the horizons of solutions, are taken into account in our analysis.

gr-qc↗

Non-inertial effects on a non-relativistic quantum harmonic oscillator in the presence of a screw dislocation

We investigate non-inertial effects induced by a rotating frame on a non-relativistic quantum harmonic oscillator as well as of the topology associated to a screw dislocation, which corresponds to a distortion of a vertical line into a vertical spiral. To do this, we obtain the analytical solutions of the time-independent Schrödinger equation for this harmonic oscillator potential in this background. The expressions for the energy spectrum are obtained and the solutions for four quantum states, namely $n=0,1,2$ and $3$, are analysed. Our results show that the presence of the topological defect (screw dislocation) as well the fact that we are analysing the system from the point of view of a rotating frame, changes the solutions of Schrödinger equation and the corresponding spectrum. Now these quantities depend on the angular velocity of the rotating frame, $Ω$, and also on the parameter $β$, which codifies the presence of the screw dislocation. Particularly, with respect to the energy spectrum of the system the changing is such that when $Ω$ increases, the energy can increase or decrease depending on the values we assign to the eigenvalues of the angular and linear momenta. Additionally, we observe that the values of the parameter $β$ that characterizes the screw dislocation causes a shift in the energy spectrum.

quant-ph↗

Rapidly rotating neutron stars in $f(R,T)$ gravity

In this work, we study the influence of $f(R,T)$ gravity on rapidly rotating neutron stars. First we discuss the main aspects of this modified theory of gravity where the gravitational Lagrangian is an arbitrary function of the Ricci scalar $R$ and of the trace of the energy-momentum tensor $T$. Then we present the basic equations for neutron stars including the equations of state used in the present work to describe the hadronic matter. Some physical quantities of interest are calculated such as mass-radius relations, moments of inertia, angular momentum, and compactness. By considering four different rotation regimes, we obtain results that indicate substantial modifications in the physical properties of neutron stars in $f(R,T)$ gravity when compared to those in the context of general relativity. In particular, the mass-radius relation for sequences of stars indicates that $f(R,T)$ gravity increases the mass and the equatorial radius of the neutron stars for stars rotating with an angular velocity smaller than Kepler limit.

gr-qc↗

Rapidly rotating compact stars in Rastall's gravity

In this work we study rapidly rotating stars by considering the Rastall theory of gravity. We obtain and solve the equations by numerical methods for two usual parametrization of polytropic stars. Then the mass-radius relations, moments of inertia and other results of interest are obtained and compared with the ones for non-rotating stars.

astro-ph.HE↗

Quantum dynamics of scalar particles in the space-time of a cosmic string in the context of gravity's rainbow

We analyze the dynamics of scalar particles in gravity's rainbow considering the space-time of a cosmic string in this modified gravity. Thus, we solve the Klein-Gordon equation for two types of potential in which two possible rainbow functions are selected. In all cases studied we obtain exact solutions for the wave equation, derive the energy spectrum, analyze it in detail and discuss the dependence of the results with the choice of the rainbow functions.

gr-qc↗

Electrostatic self-interaction of charged particles in the space-time of a cosmic string in the context of gravity's rainbow

We analyze the electrostatic self-energy of a point like electrically charged particle induced by a cosmic string in the context of gravity's rainbow, as well the electrostatic self-force on this particle. The possibility of the solution associated with a charged particle to be altered by modifications in dispersion relations of the space-time is discussed. We show that the self-energy depends on the rainbow functions and that this quantity can either increase or decrease depending on the rainbow function chosen, as compared with analogous result in the framework of general relativity. With respect to the self-force, its dependence with the rainbow functions is also pointed out

gr-qc↗

Fermions in the Rindler spacetime

In this paper we study the Dirac equation in the Rindler spacetime. The solution of the wave equation in an accelerated reference frame is obtained. The differential equation associated to this wave equation is mapped into a Sturm-Liouville problem of a Schrödinger-like equation. We derive a compact expression for the energy spectrum associated with the Dirac equation in an accelerated reference. It is shown that the noninertial effect of the accelerated reference frame mimics an external potential in the Dirac equation and, moreover, allows the formation of bound states.

quant-ph↗