SearcharxivSearch

arXiv subjects

L. Dudko

Publications and source records attributed to L. Dudko.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Geometric algebra as the input language of collider foundation models

A hard hadron-collider event is represented here as a single geometric object: the kinematics and object-type labels of all reconstructed final-state particles in one multivector $\evMV$, one $\Cl(1,3)\otimes\Vflav$ slot per object, whose higher grades the algebra generates from the measured four-momenta --- rather than as a list of four-momenta with label fields attached. The setting is geometric algebra, whose grade decomposition organises essentially every observable in current use: invariants at grade zero, four-momenta at grade one, decay-plane bivectors at grade two, oriented three-volumes at grade three, the CP-odd pseudoscalar at grade four. The high-level invariants, the low-level recipe and the equivariant-network inputs are recovered as projections onto specific grades. A per-grade dictionary of $32$ classical observables and an inventory of the symmetries acting on $\evMV$ are provided. Theorem settles which Lorentz invariants the higher grades unlock: none beyond $\{p_i\!\cdot\!p_j,\,m_i^2\}$, the CP-odd sign of the pseudoscalar being the one genuine channel. The representation is intended as a uniform input layer for foundation models of collider physics, and the realisations demonstrated here occupy two rungs of a ladder: the higher grades are formed inside the network from the per-object slots, or selected grade-two and grade-three objects are supplied at the input layer. It is demonstrated on the resonance-topology separation of $pp\!\to\!tWb$ with a Lorentz-equivariant multivector transformer of L-GATr type. An ablation over eight input representations separates what supplying algebraic content explicitly can and cannot buy: content reconstructible from the measured momenta unlocks no new invariant, by the theorem, whereas a fixed reference blade encoding the beam plane carries structure the momenta do not contain.

hep-ph

SMEFT operators in rare multi-top processes

Nowadays, the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) provides a standard framework to parameterize potential deviations from the Standard Model and to combine information from multiple processes in global analyses. This review summarizes dedicated studies that constrain dimension-six Wilson coefficients using three top-quark and four top-quark production processes. We highlight the complementarity of these channels, as well as summarize the main problems and prospects in the area. A concise introduction to the SMEFT formalism and a discussion of the problem of potential perturbative unitarity violation are also provided.

hep-ph

A Methodology for Developing Foundational Transformer Models in Collider Physics Analysis

We present a methodology for training foundational transformer models capable of processing collider data with diverse kinematic signatures. Our universal foundation model is designed for simultaneous analysis of all processes involving from one to four top-quarks production with their corresponding background processes. The approach employs multi-task pre-training on combined datasets of simulated events, enabling the model to capture the full spectrum of interaction physics while extracting universal patterns across different final states prior to task-specific fine-tuning. This unified architecture eliminates the need for separate analysis frameworks for different final signatures and specific tasks. The transformer-based pre-training strategy explicitly preserves unique interaction patterns through adaptive attention mechanisms while establishing cross-process correlations. We plan to demonstrate how this architecture maintains sensitivity to rare high-multiplicity topologies (3t and 4t) without compromising performance on conventional channels ($t\bar{t}$, $tX$, $t\bar{t}H$), effectively bridging the gap between disparate analysis paradigms in collider physics.

hep-ph

Applying Normalizing Flows for spin correlations reconstruction in associated top-quark pair and dark matter production

We apply a unified machine-learning framework based on Normalizing Flows (NFs) for the event-by-event reconstruction of invisible momenta and the subsequent evaluation of spin-sensitive observables in top-quark pair and dark-matter (DM) associated production processes. Building on recent studies in single-top + DM topologies, we extend the research to $t\bar{t}$ + DM final states. Inputs to our networks combine low-level four-momenta and missing transverse energy with high-level kinematic and angular variables. We compare a baseline multilayer perceptron (MLP) regressor, an autoregressive flow, and the conditional $\nu$-Flows model -- trained to learn the full conditional density. In these final states all the models perform well and demonstrate high reconstruction quality in independent regions split by $m_{t\bar{t}}$ for validation purposes. We highlight the potential of this approach to be extended to three- and four-top-quark production.

hep-ph

Manifestations of Dark Matter in processes with three and four Top-Quarks

This study explores possible manifestations of Dark Matter (DM) in processes involving multiple top quarks at the LHC. We analyze both the associated production of scalar and pseudoscalar DM Mediators with up to four top quarks, as well as their resonant production in top-rich final states, within a simplified model framework. Cross sections were calculated using the CompHEP and MadGraph packages with benchmark parameters recommended by the LHC Dark Matter Working Group. A detailed comparison of differential cross sections for key kinematic observables in three- and four-top-quark production demonstrates pronounced deviations from Standard Model predictions. The results highlight the limited feasibility of associated production channels, while resonant DM Mediator production offers realistic discovery prospects. Overall, the analysis underscores the potential of multi-top-quark final states as sensitive probes of Dark Matter at current and future collider experiments.

hep-ph

Reconstruction of angular correlations in the associated top quark and the dark matter mediator production

For the process of single top quark production within the "simplified model" with a scalar dark matter mediator, a new variable based on angular correlations was presented, for the proper reconstruction of which it is necessary to separate the contributions of two undetectable particles: the neutrino and the mediator. In this work, various machine learning approaches for reconstructing the momenta of these particles are analyzed. A comparison is made between the results obtained using a multilayer perceptron and the Normalizing Flows architectures. The neural networks based on Normalizing Flows, presented in this work, demonstrate a high quality of reconstruction of the target variable and can be used for collider data analysis.

hep-ph

Separation of left-handed and anomalous right-handed vector operators contributions into the Wtb vertex for single and double resonant top quark production processes using a neural network

The paper describes the application of deep neural networks for the searchdeviations from the Standard Model predictions at the Wtb vertex in the processes of single and double resonant top quark production with identical final state tWb. Monte-Carlo events preliminary classified by first level neural network as corresponding to single or double resonant top quark production are analyzed by two second level neural networks if there is a possible contribution of the anomalous right-handed vector operator into Wtb vertex or events are corresponded to the Standard Model. The second level neural networks are different for single and double resonant classes. The classes depend differently on anomalous contribution and such splitting leads to better sensitivity. The developed statistical model is used to set constraints on the anomalous right-handed vector operator at the Wtb vertex in different regions of phase space. It is demonstrated that the proposed method allows to increase the efficiency of a search for the anomalous contributions to the Wtb vertex.

hep-ph

Application of Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks in high energy physics

Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks represent a recent advancement in machine learning, with the potential to outperform traditional perceptron-based neural networks across various domains as well as provide more interpretability with the use of symbolic formulas and pruning. This study explores the application of KANs to specific tasks in high-energy physics. We evaluate the performance of KANs in distinguishing multijet processes in proton-proton collisions and in reconstructing missing transverse momentum in events involving dark matter.

hep-ph

Search for dark matter mediator in the production of three and four top quarks

In the context of simplified models of dark matter, the contributions of a scalar mediator to top quark production processes are considered. Tree-level and one-loop contributions of the mediator's decay into a top-antitop quark pair in two-, three-, and four-top quarks production processes are calculated. A significant contribution from diagrams involving the dark matter mediator is demonstrated in the total cross section for three- and four-top quark production processes, taking into account current experimental limits on model parameters. The perspective of searching for dark matter mediators in the processes under consideration is determined by the ability to reconstruct the final state with modern collider detectors and the experimental sensitivity that has already been achieved for such rare events.

hep-ph

Angular correlations in associated top-quark and dark matter production at Large Hadron Collider

In the paper, we consider the processes of single top-quark production in association with dark matter particles through the t-channel in simplified models with scalar and pseudoscalar mediators. Within the framework of these models, we analyze the angular correlations that arise in the top quark production process in association with dark matter, comparing them with the production of a top quark in the Standard Model. We consider angular correlations of kinematic variables, which define admissible regions in momentum space and can be used experimentally to distinguish between the fraction of the total momentum carried away by the scalar or pseudoscalar mediator. We demonstrate that scalar mediator significantly changes the rest frame of the well-known angular correlation observable and changes the distributions. In this case, this variable provides clear separation between the SM and DM contribution and can be used to increase the sensitivity of future DM analyses.

hep-ph

Prospects for establishing limits on the SMEFT operators from the production processes of three and four top quarks in hadron collisions

Numerical simulations of processes of three and four top quark hadroproduction are carried out in the SMEFT model framework. The simulated data are used to derive expected theoretical constraints on Wilson coefficients of relevant SMEFT operators of dimension six. Obtained limits for both cases are discussed and compared in terms of processes' sensitivity to possible BSM contribution. Results show that operator $O_{tt}^1$ is better constrained by the process of four top quark production, whereas other four operators $O_{QQ}^1$, $O_{Qt}^1$, $O_{Qt}^8$ and $O_{QQ}^8$, are similarly constrained in three and four top quark production processes. In all cases, the expected limits taken from the simultaneous analysis of the production of three and four top quarks are strengthened. Analytical expressions for the partial amplitudes of the processes $tt\to tt$ and $t\bar{t}\to t\bar{t}$ caused by the operators $O^1_{tt}$, $O^1_{QQ}$, $O^1_{Qt}$, $O^8_{Qt}$, $O^8_{QQ}$ were obtained for the first time. Based on the expressions of the obtained partial amplitudes, graphs of the perturbative unitarity boundary for the listed operators were drawn. The question of how kinematic cuts motivated by partial unitarity affect the resulting constraints on the Willson coefficients is addressed. It is shown that in all cases the limits are getting somewhat worse if such cuts are applied.

hep-ph

Standard Model Physics at the HL-LHC and HE-LHC

The successful operation of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the excellent performance of the ATLAS, CMS, LHCb and ALICE detectors in Run-1 and Run-2 with $pp$ collisions at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV as well as the giant leap in precision calculations and modeling of fundamental interactions at hadron colliders have allowed an extraordinary breadth of physics studies including precision measurements of a variety physics processes. The LHC results have so far confirmed the validity of the Standard Model of particle physics up to unprecedented energy scales and with great precision in the sectors of strong and electroweak interactions as well as flavour physics, for instance in top quark physics. The upgrade of the LHC to a High Luminosity phase (HL-LHC) at 14 TeV center-of-mass energy with 3 ab$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity will probe the Standard Model with even greater precision and will extend the sensitivity to possible anomalies in the Standard Model, thanks to a ten-fold larger data set, upgraded detectors and expected improvements in the theoretical understanding. This document summarises the physics reach of the HL-LHC in the realm of strong and electroweak interactions and top quark physics, and provides a glimpse of the potential of a possible further upgrade of the LHC to a 27 TeV $pp$ collider, the High-Energy LHC (HE-LHC), assumed to accumulate an integrated luminosity of 15 ab$^{-1}$.

hep-ph

Opportunities in Flavour Physics at the HL-LHC and HE-LHC

Motivated by the success of the flavour physics programme carried out over the last decade at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), we characterize in detail the physics potential of its High-Luminosity and High-Energy upgrades in this domain of physics. We document the extraordinary breadth of the HL/HE-LHC programme enabled by a putative Upgrade II of the dedicated flavour physics experiment LHCb and the evolution of the established flavour physics role of the ATLAS and CMS general purpose experiments. We connect the dedicated flavour physics programme to studies of the top quark, Higgs boson, and direct high-$p_T$ searches for new particles and force carriers. We discuss the complementarity of their discovery potential for physics beyond the Standard Model, affirming the necessity to fully exploit the LHC's flavour physics potential throughout its upgrade eras.

hep-ph

Modeling of anomalous Wtb interactions using subsidiary fields

A method to simulate anomalous fermion-boson interactions in Wtb vertex is presented with a minimal set of simulated samples of single top quark events at the LHC energies. In proposed method additional auxiliary vector fields corresponding to the Standard Model gauge fields are implemented for each type of the anomalous vertex structure. The method allows to simulate a manifestation of anomalous gauge couplings in two approaches used in experimental analyses either keeping only the linear order contributions in the anomalous couplings or keeping all contributions in numerators and denominators as appeared in matrix elements. All the single top quark production mechanisms, $t$-, $s$- and associative tW-channels are considered. The correctness of the proposed method is demonstrated.

hep-ph

Modeling of processes with anomalous interactions by means of auxiliary fields

The paper presents a method of modeling events with anomalous fermion-boson couplings by means of an auxiliary vector fields in addition to the SM gauge field. The method allows to simulate anomalous gauge couplings in different approaches, keeping only the linear order or higher order contributions of the anomalous couplings. The effectiveness of proposed method is demonstrated by modeling the single top quark production processes with anomalous Wtb couplings.

hep-ph

The Single Top Quark Physics

The single top quark production has an electroweak nature and provides an additional to the top pair production source of the top quarks. The processes involving single top have unique properties, they are very interesting from both theoretical and experimental view points. Short review of the single top quark production processes is given in the paper.

hep-ph

HepML, an XML-based format for describing simulated data in high energy physics

In this paper we describe a HepML format and a corresponding C++ library developed for keeping complete description of parton level events in a unified and flexible form. HepML tags contain enough information to understand what kind of physics the simulated events describe and how the events have been prepared. A HepML block can be included into event files in the LHEF format. The structure of the HepML block is described by means of several XML Schemas. The Schemas define necessary information for the HepML block and how this information should be located within the block. The library libhepml is a C++ library intended for parsing and serialization of HepML tags, and representing the HepML block in computer memory. The library is an API for external software. For example, Matrix Element Monte Carlo event generators can use the library for preparing and writing a header of a LHEF file in the form of HepML tags. In turn, Showering and Hadronization event generators can parse the HepML header and get the information in the form of C++ classes. libhepml can be used in C++, C, and Fortran programs. All necessary parts of HepML have been prepared and we present the project to the HEP community.

hep-ph