arXiv subjects

L. Siddharth

Publications and source records attributed to L. Siddharth.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2024

'SSL?! What on earth is that?': Towards Designing Age-Inclusive Secure Smartphone Browsing

Owing to the increase in 'certified' phishing websites, there is a steady increase in the number of phishing cases and general susceptibility to phishing. Trust mechanisms (e.g., HTTPS Lock Indicators, SSL Certificates) that help differentiate genuine and phishing websites should therefore be evaluated for their effectiveness in preventing vulnerable users from accessing phishing websites. In this article, we present a study involving 18 adults (male-6; female-12) and 12 older adults (male-4; female-8) to understand the usability of current trust mechanisms and preferred modalities in a conceptualized mechanism. In the first part of the study, using Chrome browser on Android, we asked the participants to browse a banking website and a government website for digital particulars. We asked them to identify which one of the two was a phishing website, rate the usability of both websites and provide qualitative feedback on the trust mechanisms. In the second part, we conceptualized an alternative trust mechanism, which allows seeking social, community and AI-based support to make website trust-related decisions. Herein, we asked the participants as to which modality (social, community or AI) they prefer to seek support from and why it is preferred. Using the current trust mechanisms, none of the participants were able to identify the phishing website. As the participants rated the current mechanisms poorly in terms of usability, they expressed various difficulties that largely did not differ between adults and older adults. In the conceptualized mechanism, we observed a notable difference in the preferred modalities, in that, older adults primarily preferred social support. In addition to these overall findings, specific observations suggest that future trust mechanisms should not only consider age-specific needs but also incorporate substantial improvement in terms of usability.

cs.HC↗

arXiv2023

Linguistic and Structural Basis of Engineering Design Knowledge

Natural language artefact descriptions are primary carriers of engineering design knowledge, whose retrieval, representation, and reuse are fundamental to supporting knowledge-intensive tasks in the design process. In this paper, we explicate design knowledge from patented artefact descriptions as knowledge graphs and examine these to understand the linguistic and structural basis. The purpose of our work is to advance the traditional and ontological perspectives of design knowledge and to guide Large-Language Models (LLMs) on how to articulate natural language responses that reflect knowledge that is valuable in a design environment. We populate 33,881 knowledge graphs from a sample of patents stratified according to technology classes. For linguistic basis, we conduct Zipf distribution analyses on the frequencies of unique entities and relationships to identify 64 and 37 generalisable linguistic syntaxes respectively. The relationships largely represent attributes ('of'), structure ('in', 'with'), purpose ('to', 'for'), hierarchy ('include'), exemplification ('such as'), and behaviour ('to', 'from'). For structural basis, we draw inspiration from various studies on biological/ecological networks and discover motifs from patent knowledge graphs. We identify four 3-node and four 4-node subgraph patterns that could be converged and simplified into sequence [->...->], aggregation [->...<-], and hierarchy [<-...->]. Based on these results, we suggest concretisation strategies for entities and relationships and explicating hierarchical structures, potentially aiding the construction and modularisation of design knowledge.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2023

Retrieval Augmented Generation using Engineering Design Knowledge

Aiming to support Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) in the design process, we present a method to identify explicit, engineering design facts - {head entity :: relationship :: tail entity} from patented artefact descriptions. Given a sentence with a pair of entities (based on noun phrases) marked in a unique manner, our method extracts the relationship that is explicitly communicated in the sentence. For this task, we create a dataset of 375,084 examples and fine-tune language models for relation identification (token classification) and elicitation (sequence-to-sequence). The token classification approach achieves up to 99.7 % accuracy. Upon applying the method to a domain of 4,870 fan system patents, we populate a knowledge base of over 2.93 million facts. Using this knowledge base, we demonstrate how Large Language Models (LLMs) are guided by explicit facts to synthesise knowledge and generate technical and cohesive responses when sought out for knowledge retrieval tasks in the design process.

cs.CL↗