arXiv subjects

Lars Brünjes

Publications and source records attributed to Lars Brünjes.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2020

Reward Sharing Schemes for Stake Pools

We introduce and study reward sharing schemes (RSS) that promote the fair formation of {\em stake pools}\ in collaborative projects that involve a large number of stakeholders such as the maintenance of a proof-of-stake (PoS) blockchain. Our mechanisms are parameterized by a target value for the desired number of pools. We show that by properly incentivizing participants, the desired number of stake pools is a Nash equilibrium arising from rational play. Our equilibria also exhibit an efficiency / security tradeoff via a parameter that calibrates between including pools with the smallest cost and providing protection against Sybil attacks, the setting where a single stakeholder creates a large number of pools in the hopes to dominate the collaborative project. We then describe how RSS can be deployed in the PoS setting, mitigating a number of potential deployment attacks and protocol deviations that include censoring transactions, performing Sybil attacks with the objective to control the majority of stake, lying about the actual cost and others. Finally, we experimentally demonstrate fast convergence to equilibria in dynamic environments where players react to each other's strategic moves over an indefinite period of interactive play. We also show how simple reward sharing schemes that are seemingly more "fair", perhaps counterintuitively, converge to centralized equilibria.

cs.GT↗

arXiv2009

Uniform bounds and ultraproducts of cycles

This paper is about the question whether a cycle in the l-adic cohomology of a smooth projective variety over the rational numbers, which is algebraic over almost all finite fields, is also algebraic over the rationals. We use ultraproducts respectively nonstandard techniques in the sense of A. Robinson, which the authors applied systematically to algebraic geometry. We give a reformulation of the question in form of uniform bounds for the complexity of algebraic cycles over finite fields.

math.AG↗

arXiv2008

Nonstandard model categories and homotopy theory

In order to apply nonstandard methods to questions of algebraic geometry we continue our investigation from "Enlargements of categories" (Theory Appl. Categ. 14 (2005), No. 16, 357--398) and show how important homotopical constructions behave under enlargements.

math.CT↗

arXiv2008

Etale and motivic cohomology and ultraproducts of schemes

This paper is a continuation of the authors article "Enlargements of schemes" (Log. Anal.1 (2007), no. 1, 1-60) We mainly study the behaviour of etale cohomology, algebraic cycles and motives under ultraproducts respectively enlargements. The main motivation for that is to find methods to transfer statements about etale cohomology and algebraic cycles from characteristic zero to positive characteristic and vice versa. We give one application to the independence of $l$ of Betti numbers in etale cohomology and applications to the complexity of algebraic cycles.

math.AG↗

arXiv2004

Nonstandard Etale Cohomology

A lot of good properties of etale cohomology only hold for torsion coefficients. We use "enlargement of categories" as developed in http://arxiv.org/abs/math.CT/0408177 to define a cohomology theory that inherits the important properties of etale cohomology while allowing greater flexibility with the coefficients. In particular, choosing coefficients *Z/P (for P an infinite prime and *Z the enlargement of Z) gives a Weil cohomology, and choosing *Z/l^h (for l a finite prime and h an infinite number) allows comparison with ordinary l-adic cohomology. More generally, for every N in *Z, we get a category of *Z/N-constructible sheaves with good properties.

math.AG↗