arXiv subjects

Laszlo A. Szekely

Publications and source records attributed to Laszlo A. Szekely.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2025

Coconvex characters on collections of phylogenetic trees

In phylogenetics, a key problem is to construct evolutionary trees from collections of characters where, for a set X of species, a character is simply a function from X onto a set of states. In this context, a key concept is convexity, where a character is convex on a tree with leaf set X if the collection of subtrees spanned by the leaves of the tree that have the same state are pairwise disjoint. Although collections of convex characters on a single tree have been extensively studied over the past few decades, very little is known about coconvex characters, that is, characters that are simultaneously convex on a collection of trees. As a starting point to better understand coconvexity, in this paper we prove a number of extremal results for the following question: What is the minimal number of coconvex characters on a collection of n-leaved trees taken over all collections of size t >= 2, also if we restrict to coconvex characters which map to k states? As an application of coconvexity, we introduce a new one-parameter family of tree metrics, which range between the coarse Robinson-Foulds distance and the much finer quartet distance. We show that bounds on the quantities in the above question translate into bounds for the diameter of the tree space for the new distances. Our results open up several new interesting directions and questions which have potential applications to, for example, tree spaces and phylogenomics.

math.CO↗

arXiv2018

An algebraic Monte-Carlo algorithm for the Partition Adjacency Matrix realization problem

The graphical realization of a given degree sequence and given partition adjacency matrix simultaneously is a relevant problem in data driven modeling of networks. Here we formulate common generalizations of this problem and the Exact Matching Problem, and solve them with an algebraic Monte-Carlo algorithm that runs in polynomial time if the number of partition classes is bounded.

math.CO↗

arXiv2017

A tanglegram Kuratowski theorem

A tanglegram consists of two rooted binary plane trees with the same number of leaves and a perfect matching between the two leaf sets. Tanglegrams are drawn with the leaves on two parallel lines, the trees on either side of the strip created by these lines, and the perfect matching inside the strip. If this can be done without any edges crossing, a tanglegram is called planar. We show that every non-planar tanglegram contains one of two non-planar 4-leaf tanglegrams as induced subtanglegram, which parallels Kuratowski's Theorem.

math.CO↗

arXiv2014

A new asymptotic enumeration technique: the Lovasz Local Lemma

Our previous paper applied a lopsided version of the Lovász Local Lemma that allows negative dependency graphs to the space of random injections from an $m$-element set to an $n$-element set. Equivalently, the same story can be told about the space of random matchings in $K_{n,m}$. Now we show how the cited version of the Lovász Local Lemma applies to the space of random matchings in $K_{2n}$. We also prove tight upper bounds that asymptotically match the lower bound given by the Lovász Local Lemma. As a consequence, we give new proofs to results on the enumeration of $d$-regular graphs. The tight upper bounds can be modified to the space of matchings in $K_{n,m}$, where they yield as application asymptotic formulas for permutation and Latin rectangle enumeration problems. The strength of the method is shown by a new result: enumeration of graphs by degree sequence or bipartite degree sequence and girth. As another application, we provide a new proof to the classical probabilistic result of Erd\H os that showed the existence of graphs with arbitrary large girth and chromatic number. If the degree sequence satisfies some mild conditions, almost all graphs with this degree sequence and prescribed girth have high chromatic number.

math.CO↗

arXiv2011

Asymptotically normal distribution of some tree families relevant for phylogenetics, and of partitions without singletons

P.L. Erdos and L.A. Szekely [Adv. Appl. Math. 10(1989), 488-496] gave a bijection between rooted semilabeled trees and set partitions. L.H. Harper's results [Ann. Math. Stat. 38(1967), 410-414] on the asymptotic normality of the Stirling numbers of the second kind translates into asymptotic normality of rooted semilabeled trees with given number of vertices, when the number of internal vertices varies. The Erdos-Szekely bijection specializes to a bijection between phylogenetic trees and set partitions with classes of size \geq 2. We consider modified Stirling numbers of the second kind that enumerate partitions of a fixed set into a given number of classes of size \geq 2, and obtain their asymptotic normality as the number of classes varies. The Erdos- Szekely bijection translates this result into the asymptotic normality of the number of phylogenetic trees with given number of vertices, when the number of leaves varies. We also obtain asymptotic normality of the number of phylogenetic trees with given number of leaves and varying number of internal vertices, which make more sense to students of phylogeny. By the Erdos-Szekely bijection this means the asymptotic normality of the number of partitions of n + m elements into m classes of size \geq 2, when n is fixed and m varies. The proofs are adaptations of the techniques of L.H. Harper [ibid.]. We provide asymptotics for the relevant expectations and variances with error term O(1/n).

math.CO↗

arXiv2006

Inverting Random Functions III: Discrete MLE Revisited

This paper continues our earlier investigations into the inversion of random functions in a general (abstract) setting. In Section 2 we investigate a concept of invertibility and the invertibility of the composition of random functions. In Section 3 we resolve some questions concerning the number of samples required to ensure the accuracy of parametric maximum likelihood estimation (MLE). A direct application to phylogeny reconstruction is given.

math.PR↗