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Laura Covi

Publications and source records attributed to Laura Covi.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

Axinos as Cold Dark Matter

The connection of Dark Matter to our particle physics model is still one of the open cosmological questions. In these proceedings I will argue that axinos can be successful Cold Dark Matter candidates in models with Supersymmetry and the Peccei-Quinn solution of the strong CP problem. If they are the Lightest Supersymmetric Particle (LSP), they can be produced in the right abundance by thermal scatterings and out of equilibrium decays of the Next-to-Lightest Supersymmetric Particles (NLSPs). Moreover if the NLSPs are charged, their decay could help us understand which is the LSP, e.g. between axino and gravitino.

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Proton Decay in a 6D SO(10) model

We present a study of proton decay in a supersymmetric $ SO(10)$ gauge theory in six dimensions compactified on an orbifold. The dimension 5 proton decay operators are absent, but the dimension 6 are enhanced due to the presence of KK towers. We resum the KK modes up to the cut-off of the theory and find the rate for the dominant mode $p \to π^0 e^{+} $. We explore also the flavour dependence, due to the different localization of states in the extra dimensions and find that it is possible to distinguish the model from the usual 4D $ SU(5)/SO(10)$ models.

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The running-mass inflation model and WMAP

We consider the observational constraints on the running-mass inflationary model, and in particular on the scale-dependence of the spectral index, from the new Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anisotropy measurements performed by WMAP and from new clustering data from the SLOAN survey. We find that the data strongly constraints a significant positive scale-dependence of $n$, and we translate the analysis into bounds on the physical parameters of the inflaton potential. Looking deeper into specific types of interaction (gauge and Yukawa) we find that the parameter space is significantly constrained by the new data, but that the running mass model remains viable.

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Axino Dark Matter and the CMSSM

If the axino is the lightest superpartner and satisfies cosmological bounds, including a preferred range of the relic abundance of cold dark matter, then the usual stringent constraints on the parameter space of the CMSSM become greatly relaxed. The lightest superpartner of the usual CMSSM spectrum will appear to be stable in collider experiments but will not necessarily obey relic abundance constraints. It may be either neutral (lightest neutralino) or charged (typically a stau). With the axino as cold dark matter, large regions of the CMSSM, often corresponding to heavy superpartners, become allowed, depending on the axino mass and the reheating temperature.

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Status of observational cosmology and inflation

We review the latest developments in the determination of the cosmological parameters from the measurement of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR) anisotropies and of the Large Scale Structure (LSS) of the Universe. We comment finally on the implications for the primordial spectrum and the consequences for inflationary models.

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New Constraints on the running-mass inflation model

We evaluate new observational constraints on the two-parameter scale-dependent spectral index predicted by the running-mass inflation model by combining the latest Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anisotropy measurements with the recent 2dFGRS data on the matter power spectrum, with Lyman $α$ forest data and finally with theoretical constraints on the reionization redshift. We find that present data still allow significant scale-dependence of $n$, which occurs in a physically reasonable regime of parameter space.

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Effects of Squark Processes on the Axino CDM Abundance

We investigate the role of an effective dimension-4 axino-quark-squark coupling in the thermal processes producing stable cold axino relics in the early Universe. We find that, while the induced squark and quark scattering processes are always negligible, squark decays become important in the case of low reheat temperature and large gluino mass. The effect can tighten the bounds on the scenario from the requirement that cold dark matter axinos do not overclose the Universe.

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Axinos as Dark Matter

Supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model that incorporate the axion solution to the strong CP problem necessarily contain also the axino, the fermionic partner of the axion. In contrast to the neutralino and the gravitino, the axino mass is generically not of the order of the supersymmetry-breaking scale and can be much smaller. The axino is therefore an intriguing candidate for a stable superpartner. In a previous Letter [1] it was shown that axinos are a natural candidate for cold dark matter in the Universe when they are generated non-thermally through out-of-equilibrium neutralino decays. Here, we extend the study of non-thermal production and include a competing thermal production mechanism through scatterings and decays of particles in the plasma. We identify axino masses in the range of tens of MeV to several GeV (depending on the scenario) as corresponding to cold axino relics if the reheating temperature $\treh$ is less than about $5\times10^4\gev$. At higher $\treh$ and lower mass, axinos could constitute warm dark matter. In the scenario with axinos as relics, the gravitino problem finds a natural solution. The lightest superpartner of the Standard Model spectrum remains effectively stable in high-energy detectors but may be either neutral or charged. The usual highly restrictive constraint $\abundchi\lsim1$ on the relic abundance of the lightest neutralino becomes void.

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Models of inflation, supersymmetry breaking and observational constraints

We review the connection between inflationary models and observations and concentrate to describe models based on softly broken supersymmetry, in particular running mass models, and their predictions. We then present a fit of the spectral index of the curvature perturbation, assuming a flat $Λ$CDM cosmology.

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Inflation and Supersymmetry Breaking

We study the connection between inflation and supersymmetry breaking in the context of an O'Raifeartaigh model which can account for both hybrid inflation and a true vacuum where supersymmetry is spontaneously broken. For a weakly coupled inflaton field, the dynamics during the inflationary phase can be determined by the supersymmetry breaking scale $M_S\sim 10^{10}$ GeV, even if $H_I >> m_{3/2}$. The spectrum of density fluctuations is then almost scale invariant, with a spectral index $n-1={\cal O}(M_G^2/M_P^2)$. The mass parameter $M_G$ of the O'Raifeartaigh model is determined by the COBE normalization for the cosmic microwave background to be the grand unification scale, $M_G \sim 10^{16}$ GeV.

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Observational constraints on the spectral index of the cosmological curvature perturbation

We evaluate the observational constraints on the spectral index $n$, in the context of the $Λ$CDM hypothesis which represents the simplest viable cosmology. We first take $n$ to be practically scale-independent. Ignoring reionization, we find at a nominal 2-$σ$ level $n\simeq 1.0 \pm 0.1$. If we make the more realisitic assumption that reionization occurs when a fraction $f\sim 10^{-5}$ to 1 of the matter has collapsed, the 2-$σ$ lower bound is unchanged while the 1-$σ$ bound rises slightly. These constraints are compared with the prediction of various inflation models. Then we investigate the two-parameter scale-dependent spectral index, predicted by running-mass inflation models, and find that present data allow significant scale-dependence of $n$, which occurs in a physically reasonable regime of parameter space.

astro-ph↗

Inflation models, spectral index and observational constraints

We have evaluated the observational constraints on the spectral index $n$, in the context of a $Λ$CDM model. For $n$ scale-independent, as predicted by most models of inflation, present data require $n\simeq 1.0 \pm 0.1$ at the 2-$σ$ level. We have also studied the two-parameter scale-dependent spectral index, predicted by running-mass inflation models. Present data allow significant variation of $n$ in this case, within the theoretically preferred region of parameter space.

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New developments in inflationary models

We study models of inflation where the inflaton corresponds to a flat direction in field space and its mass term is generated by gravity mediated soft supersymmetry breaking at high scale. Assuming the inflaton to have non negligible couplings to other fields, its mass runs with scale and can reach the small value required by slow roll inflation at a lower scale, even if its initial value is too large. Slow roll inflation can therefore take place in such a regime, as long as the mass remains small, with a spectral index that is then scale dependent. We explore the parameter space of this kind of models to find the region compatible with the present observations.

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Axinos as Cold Dark Matter

We show that axinos produced in the early Universe in the decay of the lightest neutralinos are a natural candidate for cold dark matter. We argue that axinos may well provide the main component of the missing mass in the Universe because their relic density is often comparable with the critical density.

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Hybrid inflation with running inflaton mass

We realize and study a model of hybrid inflation in the context of softly broken supersymmetry. The inflaton is taken to be a flat direction in the superfield space and, due to unsuppressed couplings, its soft supersymmetry breaking mass runs with scale. Both gauge and Yukawa couplings are taken into account and different inflationary scenarios are investigated depending on the relative strenght of the couplings and the mass spectrum.

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Running-mass models of inflation, and their observational constraints

If the inflaton sector is described by softly broken supersymmetry, and the inflaton has unsuppressed couplings, the inflaton mass will run strongly with scale. Four types of model are possible. The prediction for the spectral index involves two parameters, while the COBE normalization involves a third, all of them calculable functions of the relevant masses and couplings. A crude estimate is made of the region of parameter space allowed by present observation.

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Observational constraints on an inflation model with a running mass

We explore a model of inflation where the inflaton mass-squared is generated at a high scale by gravity-mediated soft supersymmetry breaking, and runs at lower scales to the small value required for slow-roll inflation. The running is supposed to come from the coupling of the inflaton to a non-Abelian gauge field. In contrast with earlier work, we do not constrain the magnitude of the supersymmetry breaking scale, and we find that the model might work even if squark and slepton masses come from gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking. With the inflaton and gaugino masses in the expected range, and $α= g^2/4π$ in the range $10^{-2}$ to $10^{-3}$ (all at the high scale) the model can give the observed cosmic microwave anisotropy, and a spectral index in the observed range. The latter has significant variation with scale, which can confirm or rule out the model in the forseeable future.

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