Searcharxiv⌕ Search

arXiv subjects

Laura Luzzi

Publications and source records attributed to Laura Luzzi.

34 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
arXiv2015

Almost universal codes achieving ergodic MIMO capacity within a constant gap

This work addresses the question of achieving capacity with lattice codes in multi-antenna block fading channels when the number of fading blocks tends to infinity. A design criterion based on the normalized minimum determinant is proposed for division algebra multiblock space-time codes over fading channels; this plays a similar role to the Hermite invariant for Gaussian channels. It is shown that this criterion is sufficient to guarantee transmission rates within a constant gap from capacity both for slow fading channels and ergodic fading channels. This performance is achieved both under maximum likelihood decoding and naive lattice decoding. In the case of independent identically distributed Rayleigh fading, it is also shown that the error probability vanishes exponentially fast. In contrast to the standard approach in the literature which employs random lattice ensembles, the existence results in this paper are derived from number theory. First the gap to capacity is shown to depend on the discriminant of the chosen division algebra; then class field theory is applied to build families of algebras with small discriminants. The key element in the construction is the choice of a sequence of division algebras whose centers are number fields with small root discriminants.

cs.IT↗
arXiv2015

Division algebra codes achieve MIMO block fading channel capacity within a constant gap

This work addresses the question of achieving capacity with lattice codes in multi-antenna block fading channels when the number of fading blocks tends to infinity. In contrast to the standard approach in the literature which employs random lattice ensembles, the existence results in this paper are derived from number theory. It is shown that a multiblock construction based on division algebras achieves rates within a constant gap from block fading capacity both under maximum likelihood decoding and naive lattice decoding. First the gap to capacity is shown to depend on the discriminant of the chosen division algebra; then class field theory is applied to build families of algebras with small discriminants. The key element in the construction is the choice of a sequence of division algebras whose centers are number fields with small root discriminants.

cs.IT↗
arXiv2015

Number field lattices achieve Gaussian and Rayleigh channel capacity within a constant gap

This paper proves that a family of number field lattice codes simultaneously achieves a constant gap to capacity in Rayleigh fast fading and Gaussian channels. The key property in the proof is the existence of infinite towers of Hilbert class fields with bounded root discriminant. The gap to capacity of the proposed families is determined by the root discriminant. The comparison between the Gaussian and fading case reveals that in Rayleigh fading channels the normalized minimum product distance plays an analogous role to the Hermite invariant in Gaussian channels.

cs.IT↗
arXiv2014

Shifted inverse determinant sums and new bounds for the DMT of space-time lattice codes

This paper considers shifted inverse determinant sums arising from the union bound of the pairwise error probability for space-time codes in multiple-antenna fading channels. Previous work by Vehkalahti et al. focused on the approximation of these sums for low multiplexing gains, providing a complete classification of the inverse determinant sums as a function of constellation size for the most well-known algebraic space-time codes. This work aims at building a general framework for the study of the shifted sums for all multiplexing gains. New bounds obtained using dyadic summing techniques suggest that the behavior of the shifted sums does characterize many properties of a lattice code such as the diversity-multiplexing gain trade-off, both under maximum-likelihood decoding and infinite lattice naive decoding. Moreover, these bounds allow to characterize the signal-to-noise ratio thresholds corresponding to different diversity gains.

cs.IT↗
arXiv2014

A new design criterion for spherically-shaped division algebra-based space-time codes

This work considers normalized inverse determinant sums as a tool for analyzing the performance of division algebra based space-time codes for multiple antenna wireless systems. A general union bound based code design criterion is obtained as a main result. In our previous work, the behavior of inverse determinant sums was analyzed using point counting techniques for Lie groups; it was shown that the asymptotic growth exponents of these sums correctly describe the diversity-multiplexing gain trade-off of the space-time code for some multiplexing gain ranges. This paper focuses on the constant terms of the inverse determinant sums, which capture the coding gain behavior. Pursuing the Lie group approach, a tighter asymptotic bound is derived, allowing to compute the constant terms for several classes of space-time codes appearing in the literature. The resulting design criterion suggests that the performance of division algebra based codes depends on several fundamental algebraic invariants of the underlying algebra.

cs.IT↗
arXiv2013

Semantically Secure Lattice Codes for the Gaussian Wiretap Channel

We propose a new scheme of wiretap lattice coding that achieves semantic security and strong secrecy over the Gaussian wiretap channel. The key tool in our security proof is the flatness factor which characterizes the convergence of the conditional output distributions corresponding to different messages and leads to an upper bound on the information leakage. We not only introduce the notion of secrecy-good lattices, but also propose the {flatness factor} as a design criterion of such lattices. Both the modulo-lattice Gaussian channel and the genuine Gaussian channel are considered. In the latter case, we propose a novel secrecy coding scheme based on the discrete Gaussian distribution over a lattice, which achieves the secrecy capacity to within a half nat under mild conditions. No \textit{a priori} distribution of the message is assumed, and no dither is used in our proposed schemes.

cs.IT↗
arXiv2013

Secret key generation from Gaussian sources using lattice hashing

We propose a simple yet complete lattice-based scheme for secret key generation from Gaussian sources in the presence of an eavesdropper, and show that it achieves strong secret key rates up to 1/2 nat from the optimal in the case of "degraded" source models. The novel ingredient of our scheme is a lattice-hashing technique, based on the notions of flatness factor and channel intrinsic randomness. The proposed scheme does not require dithering.

cs.IT↗
arXiv2013

Inverse Determinant Sums and Connections Between Fading Channel Information Theory and Algebra

This work concentrates on the study of inverse determinant sums, which arise from the union bound on the error probability, as a tool for designing and analyzing algebraic space-time block codes. A general framework to study these sums is established, and the connection between asymptotic growth of inverse determinant sums and the diversity-multiplexing gain trade-off is investigated. It is proven that the growth of the inverse determinant sum of a division algebra-based space-time code is completely determined by the growth of the unit group. This reduces the inverse determinant sum analysis to studying certain asymptotic integrals in Lie groups. Using recent methods from ergodic theory, a complete classification of the inverse determinant sums of the most well known algebraic space-time codes is provided. The approach reveals an interesting and tight relation between diversity-multiplexing gain trade-off and point counting in Lie groups.

cs.IT↗
arXiv2012

Decoding by Embedding: Correct Decoding Radius and DMT Optimality

The closest vector problem (CVP) and shortest (nonzero) vector problem (SVP) are the core algorithmic problems on Euclidean lattices. They are central to the applications of lattices in many problems of communications and cryptography. Kannan's \emph{embedding technique} is a powerful technique for solving the approximate CVP, yet its remarkable practical performance is not well understood. In this paper, the embedding technique is analyzed from a \emph{bounded distance decoding} (BDD) viewpoint. We present two complementary analyses of the embedding technique: We establish a reduction from BDD to Hermite SVP (via unique SVP), which can be used along with any Hermite SVP solver (including, among others, the Lenstra, Lenstra and Lovász (LLL) algorithm), and show that, in the special case of LLL, it performs at least as well as Babai's nearest plane algorithm (LLL-aided SIC). The former analysis helps to explain the folklore practical observation that unique SVP is easier than standard approximate SVP. It is proven that when the LLL algorithm is employed, the embedding technique can solve the CVP provided that the noise norm is smaller than a decoding radius $λ_1/(2γ)$, where $λ_1$ is the minimum distance of the lattice, and $γ\approx O(2^{n/4})$. This substantially improves the previously best known correct decoding bound $γ\approx {O}(2^{n})$. Focusing on the applications of BDD to decoding of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, we also prove that BDD of the regularized lattice is optimal in terms of the diversity-multiplexing gain tradeoff (DMT), and propose practical variants of embedding decoding which require no knowledge of the minimum distance of the lattice and/or further improve the error performance.

cs.IT↗
arXiv2012

Strong Coordination with Polar Codes

In this paper, we design explicit codes for strong coordination in two-node networks. Specifically, we consider a two-node network in which the action imposed by nature is binary and uniform, and the action to coordinate is obtained via a symmetric discrete memoryless channel. By observing that polar codes are useful for channel resolvability over binary symmetric channels, we prove that nested polar codes achieve a subset of the strong coordination capacity region, and therefore provide a constructive and low complexity solution for strong coordination.

cs.IT↗
arXiv2011

A family of fast-decodable MIDO codes from crossed-product algebras over Q

Multiple Input Double Output (MIDO) asymmetric space-time codes for 4 transmit antennas and 2 receive antennas can be employed in the downlink from base stations to portable devices. Previous MIDO code constructions with low Maximum Likelihood (ML) decoding complexity, full diversity and the non-vanishing determinant (NVD) property are mostly based on cyclic division algebras. In this paper, a new family of MIDO codes with the NVD property based on crossed-product algebras over Q is introduced. Fast decodability follows naturally from the structure of the codewords which consist of four generalized Alamouti blocks. The associated ML complexity order is the lowest known for full-rate MIDO codes (O(M^{10}) instead of O(M^{16}) with respect to the real constellation size M). Numerical simulations show that these codes have a performance from comparable up to 1dB gain compared to the best known MIDO code with the same complexity.

cs.IT↗
arXiv2010

Augmented Lattice Reduction for MIMO decoding

Lattice reduction algorithms, such as the LLL algorithm, have been proposed as preprocessing tools in order to enhance the performance of suboptimal receivers in MIMO communications. In this paper we introduce a new kind of lattice reduction-aided decoding technique, called augmented lattice reduction, which recovers the transmitted vector directly from the change of basis matrix, and therefore doesn't entail the computation of the pseudo-inverse of the channel matrix or its QR decomposition. We prove that augmented lattice reduction attains the maximum receive diversity order of the channel; simulation results evidence that it significantly outperforms LLL-SIC detection without entailing any additional complexity. A theoretical bound on the complexity is also derived.

cs.IT↗
arXiv2008

Algebraic reduction for space-time codes based on quaternion algebras

In this paper we introduce a new right preprocessing method for the decoding of 2x2 algebraic STBCs, called algebraic reduction, which exploits the multiplicative structure of the code. The principle of the new reduction is to absorb part of the channel into the code, by approximating the channel matrix with an element of the maximal order of the algebra. We prove that algebraic reduction attains the receive diversity when followed by a simple ZF detection. Simulation results for the Golden Code show that using MMSE-GDFE left preprocessing, algebraic reduction with simple ZF detection has a loss of only $3 \dB$ with respect to ML decoding.

cs.IT↗
arXiv2007

Generalized Brjuno functions associated to $α$-continued fractions

For αin the interval [0,1], we consider the one-parameter family of α-continued fraction maps, which include the Gauss map (α=1) and the nearest integer (α=1/2) and by-excess (α=0) continued fraction maps. To each of these expansions, and to each choice of a positive function u on the interval I_α=(0,max(α,1-α)) we associate a generalized Brjuno function B_(α,u)(x). For α=1/2 or α=1, and u(x)=-\log(x), these functions were introduced by Yoccoz in his work on the linearization of holomorphic maps. Their regularity properties, including BMO regularity and their extension to the complex plane, have been thoroughly investigated. We compare the functions obtained with different values of αand we prove that the set of (α,u)-Brjuno numbers does not depend on the choice of αprovided that α>0. We then consider the case α=0, u(x)=-\log(x) and we prove that x is a Brjuno number (for α> 0) if and only if both x and -x are Brjuno numbers for α=0.

math.DS↗
arXiv2006

On the entropy of Japanese continued fractions

We consider a one-parameter family of expanding interval maps $\{T_α\}_{α\in [0,1]}$ (japanese continued fractions) which include the Gauss map ($α=1$) and the nearest integer and by-excess continued fraction maps ($α={1/2},α=0$). We prove that the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy $h(α)$ of these maps depends continuously on the parameter and that $h(α) \to 0$ as $α\to 0$. Numerical results suggest that this convergence is not monotone and that the entropy function has infinitely many phase transitions and a self-similar structure. Finally, we find the natural extension and the invariant densities of the maps $T_α$ for $α=\frac{1}{n}$.

math.DS↗