arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Lawrence M. Krauss.
Using Big Bang Nucleosynthesis limits on the number of light neutrinos we derive a cosmological lower bound of $\approx 2$ TeV on the scale of extended technicolor interactions (or any other new interactions) for the third family in models where heavy gauge bosons couple to both left and right-handed neutrinos.
I review recent developments in cosmology and astrophysics relevant to particle physics, focussing on the following questions: What's new in 1992? What have we learned since the last ICHEP meeting in 1990? and What are the prospects for the future? AMong the topics explicitly discussed are: COBE, Large Scale Structure, and Dark Matter; Bib Bang Nucleosynthesis; the Solar Neutrino Problem; and High Energy Gamma Ray PHysics.
We incorporate all existing solar neutrino flux measurements and take solar model flux uncertainties into account in deriving global fits to parameter space for the MSW and vacuum solutions of the solar neutrino problem.
The lensing effect of curved space, which can cause the angular diameter of a fixed reference length seen on the sky to reach a minimum and then increase with redshift, depends sensitively on the value of the cosmological constant, $Λ$, in a flat universe. The redshift of an observed minimum and the asymptotic slope can in principle provide strong constraints on $Λ$. The sensitivity to a non-zero cosmological constant in a flat universe is compared to the sensitivity to $q_0$ in an open universe without a cosmological constant, and to inherent ambiguities due to uncertainties in distance measures and the possible effects of evolution. If evolutionary uncertainties can be overcome, the reported observations of the angular diameter of compact radio jets as a function of redshift, which appear to exhibit such a minimum, could provide the strongest available limit on the cosmological constant in a flat universe, and on $Ω$ in an open universe.
Comparison of theobservedanisotropy with that predicted iadiabaticDM models suggest that much of thserved signal may be due to long wavelenh gravitational waves. In inflationary models this requires the generation of tensor fluctuations to be at least comparable to scalar density fltuations. This i is feasible, but depends sensitively on the inflaton potential. Alternatively, isocurvature quantum fluctuations in an axion-like field could produce a quadrupole anisotropy proportional to the gravitational wave anisotropy,k independent of the inflaton potential. These could also produce large scale structure with more power on larger scales than their adiabatic counterparts.
Utilizing results on the cosmology of anomalous discrete symmetries we show that models of spontaneous CP violation can in principle avoid the domain wall problem first pointed out by Zel'dovich, Kobzarev and Okun. A small but nonzero $θ_{QCD}$ explicitly breaks CP and can lift the degeneracy of the two CP conjugate vacua through nonperturbative effects so that the domain walls become unstable, but survive to cosmologically interesting epochs. We explore the viability of spontaneous CP violation in the context of two Higgs models, and find that the invisible axion solution of the strong CP problem cannot be implemented without further extensions of the Higgs sector.