arXiv subjects

Lawrence Ong

Publications and source records attributed to Lawrence Ong.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2018

The Secure Two-Receiver Broadcast Channel With One-Sided Receiver Side Information

This paper studies the problem of secure communcation over the two-receiver discrete memoryless broadcast channel with one-sided receiver side information and with a passive eavesdropper. We proposed a coding scheme which is based upon the superposition-Marton framework. Secrecy techniques such as the one-time pad, Carleial-Hellman secrecy coding and Wyner serecy coding are applied to ensure individual secrecy. This scheme is shown to be capacity achieving for some cases of the degraded broadcast channel. We also notice that one-sided receiver side information provides the advantage of rate region improvement, in particular when it is available at the weaker legitimate receiver.

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arXiv2018

Cooperative Multi-Sender Index Coding

In this paper, we propose a new coding scheme and establish new bounds on the capacity region for the multi-sender unicast index-coding problem. We revisit existing partitioned Distributed Composite Coding (DCC) proposed by Sadeghi et al. and identify its limitations in the implementation of multi-sender composite coding and in the strategy of sender partitioning. We then propose two new coding components to overcome these limitations and develop a multi-sender Cooperative Composite Coding (CCC). We show that CCC can strictly improve upon partitioned DCC, and is the key to achieve optimality for a number of index-coding instances. The usefulness of CCC and its special cases is illuminated via non-trivial examples, and the capacity region is established for each example. Comparisons between CCC and other non-cooperative schemes in recent works are also provided to further demonstrate the advantage of CCC.

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arXiv2018

A Simplified Coding Scheme for the Broadcast Channel With Complementary Receiver Side Information Under Individual Secrecy Constraints

This paper simplifies an existing coding scheme for the two-receiver discrete memoryless broadcast channel with complementary receiver side information where there is a passive eavesdropper and individual secrecy is required. The existing coding scheme is simplified in two steps by replacing Wyner secrecy coding with Carleial-Hellman secrecy coding. The resulting simplified scheme is free from redundant message splits and random components. Not least, the simplified scheme retains the existing achievable individual secrecy rate region. Finally, its construction simplicity helps us gain additional insight on the integration of secrecy techniques into error-correcting coding schemes.

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arXiv2018

Centralized Caching with Unequal Cache Sizes

We address a centralized caching problem with unequal cache sizes. We consider a system with a server of files connected through a shared error-free link to a group of cache-enabled users where one subgroup has a larger cache size than the other. We propose an explicit caching scheme for the considered system aimed at minimizing the load of worst-case demands over the shared link. As suggested by numerical evaluations, our scheme improves upon the best existing explicit scheme by having a lower worst-case load; also, our scheme performs within a multiplicative factor of 1.11 from the scheme that can be obtained by solving an optimisation problem in which the number of parameters grows exponentially with the number of users.

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arXiv2018

A Code Equivalence between Secure Network and Index Coding

A code equivalence between index coding and network coding was established, which shows that any index-coding instance can be mapped to a network-coding instance, for which any index code can be translated to a network code with the same decoding-error performance, and vice versa. Also, any network-coding instance can be mapped to an index-coding instance with a similar code translation. In this paper, we extend the equivalence to secure index coding and secure network coding, where eavesdroppers are present in the networks, and any code construction needs to guarantee security constraints in addition to decoding-error performance.

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arXiv2018

Interlinked Cycles for Index Coding: Generalizing Cycles and Cliques

We consider a graphical approach to index coding. While cycles have been shown to provide coding gain, only disjoint cycles and cliques (a specific type of overlapping cycles) have been exploited in existing literature. In this paper, we define a more general form of overlapping cycles, called the interlinked-cycle (IC) structure, that generalizes cycles and cliques. We propose a scheme, called the interlinked-cycle-cover (ICC) scheme, that leverages IC structures in digraphs to construct scalar linear index codes. We characterize a class of infinitely many digraphs where our proposed scheme is optimal over all linear and non-linear index codes. Consequently, for this class of digraphs, we indirectly prove that scalar linear index codes are optimal. Furthermore, we show that the ICC scheme can outperform all existing graph-based schemes (including partial-clique-cover and fractional-local-chromatic number schemes), and a random-coding scheme (namely, composite coding) for certain graphs.

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arXiv2017

Optimal Finite-Length and Asymptotic Index Codes for Five or Fewer Receivers

Index coding models broadcast networks in which a sender sends different messages to different receivers simultaneously, where each receiver may know some of the messages a priori. The aim is to find the minimum (normalised) index codelength that the sender sends. This paper considers unicast index coding, where each receiver requests exactly one message, and each message is requested by exactly one receiver. Each unicast index-coding instances can be fully described by a directed graph and vice versa, where each vertex corresponds to one receiver. For any directed graph representing a unicast index-coding instance, we show that if a maximum acyclic induced subgraph (MAIS) is obtained by removing two or fewer vertices from the graph, then the minimum index codelength equals the number of vertices in the MAIS, and linear codes are optimal for the corresponding index-coding instance. Using this result, we solved all unicast index-coding instances with up to five receivers, which correspond to all graphs with up to five vertices. For 9819 non-isomorphic graphs among all graphs up to five vertices, we obtained the minimum index codelength for all message alphabet sizes; for the remaining 28 graphs, we obtained the minimum index codelength if the message alphabet size is $k^2$ for any positive integer $k$. This work complements the result by Arbabjolfaei et al. (ISIT 2013), who solved all unicast index-coding instances with up to five receivers in the asymptotic regime, where the message alphabet size tends to infinity.

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arXiv2017

Joint Optimization of User Association, Data Delivery Rate and Precoding for Cache-Enabled F-RANs

This paper considers the downlink of a cache-enabled fog radio access network (F-RAN) with limited fronthaul capacity, where user association (UA), data delivery rate (DDR) and signal precoding are jointly optimized. We formulate a mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem in which the weighted difference of network throughput and total power consumption is maximized, subject to the predefined DDR requirements and the maximum transmit power at each eRRH. To address this challenging problem, we first apply the l0-norm approximation and l1-norm minimization techniques to deal with the UA. After this key step, we arrive at an approximated problem that only involves the joint optimization of DDR and precoding. By using the alternating descent method, we further decompose this problem into a convex subproblem for DDR allocation and a nonconvex subproblem for precoding design. While the former is globally solved by the interior-point method, the latter is solved by a specifically tailored successive convex quadratic programming method. Finally, we propose an iterative algorithm for the original joint optimization that is guaranteed to converge. Importantly, each iteration of the developed algorithm only involves solving simple convex problems. Numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed design significantly improves both throughput and power performances, especially in practical F-RANs with limited fronthaul capacity. Compared to the sole precoder design for a given cache placement, our joint design is shown to improve the throughput by 50% while saving at least half of the total power consumption in the considered examples.

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arXiv2017

On the problem of non-zero word error rates for fixed-rate error correction codes in continuous variable quantum key distribution

The maximum operational range of continuous variable quantum key distribution protocols has shown to be improved by employing high-efficiency forward error correction codes. Typically, the secret key rate model for such protocols is modified to account for the non-zero word error rate of such codes. In this paper, we demonstrate that this model is incorrect: Firstly, we show by example that fixed-rate error correction codes, as currently defined, can exhibit efficiencies greater than unity. Secondly, we show that using this secret key model combined with greater than unity efficiency codes, implies that it is possible to achieve a positive secret key over an entanglement breaking channel - an impossible scenario. We then consider the secret key model from a post-selection perspective, and examine the implications for key rate if we constrain the forward error correction codes to operate at low word error rates.

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arXiv2017

An Equivalence Between Secure Network and Index Coding

We extend the equivalence between network coding and index coding by Effros, El Rouayheb, and Langberg to the secure communication setting in the presence of an eavesdropper. Specifically, we show that the most general versions of secure network-coding setup by Chan and Grant and the secure index-coding setup by Dau, Skachek, and Chee, which also include the randomised encoding setting, are equivalent.

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arXiv2017

Raptor Codes for Higher-Order Modulation Using a Multi-Edge Framework

In this paper, we represent Raptor codes as multi-edge type low-density parity-check (MET-LDPC) codes, which gives a general framework to design them for higher-order modulation using MET density evolution. We then propose an efficient Raptor code design method for higher-order modulation, where we design distinct degree distributions for distinct bit levels. We consider a joint decoding scheme based on belief propagation for Raptor codes and also derive an exact expression for the stability condition. In several examples, we demonstrate that the higher-order modulated Raptor codes designed using the multi-edge framework outperform previously reported higher-order modulation codes in literature.

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arXiv2017

Analysis and design of Raptor codes using a multi-edge framework

The focus of this paper is on the analysis and design of Raptor codes using a multi-edge framework. In this regard, we first represent the Raptor code as a multi-edge type low-density parity-check (METLDPC) code. This MET representation gives a general framework to analyze and design Raptor codes over a binary input additive white Gaussian noise channel using MET density evolution (MET-DE). We consider a joint decoding scheme based on the belief propagation (BP) decoding for Raptor codes in the multi-edge framework, and analyze the convergence behavior of the BP decoder using MET-DE. In joint decoding of Raptor codes, the component codes correspond to inner code and precode are decoded in parallel and provide information to each other. We also derive an exact expression for the stability of Raptor codes with joint decoding. We then propose an efficient Raptor code design method using the multi-edge framework, where we simultaneously optimize the inner code and the precode. Finally we consider performance-complexity trade-offs of Raptor codes using the multi-edge framework. Through density evolution analysis we show that the designed Raptor codes using the multi-edge framework outperform the existing Raptor codes in literature in terms of the realized rate.

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arXiv2016

Graph-Theoretic Approaches to Two-Sender Index Coding

Consider a communication scenario over a noiseless channel where a sender is required to broadcast messages to multiple receivers, each having side information about some messages. In this scenario, the sender can leverage the receivers' side information during the encoding of messages in order to reduce the required transmissions. This type of encoding is called index coding. In this paper, we study index coding with two cooperative senders, each with some subset of messages, and multiple receivers, each requesting one unique message. The index coding in this setup is called two-sender unicast index coding (TSUIC). The main aim of TSUIC is to minimize the total number of transmissions required by the two senders. Based on graph-theoretic approaches, we prove that TSUIC is equivalent to single-sender unicast index coding (SSUIC) for some special cases. Moreover, we extend the existing schemes for SSUIC, viz., the cycle-cover scheme, the clique-cover scheme, and the local-chromatic scheme to the corresponding schemes for TSUIC.

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arXiv2016

The DoF Region of the Three-Receiver MIMO Broadcast Channel with Side Information and Its Relation to Index Coding Capacity

We consider the three-receiver Gaussian multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) broadcast channel with an arbitrary number of antennas at each of the transmitter and the receivers. We investigate the degrees-of-freedom (DoF) region of the channel when each receiver requests a private message, and may know some of the messages requested by the other receivers as receiver message side information (RMSI). We establish the DoF region of the channel for all 16 possible non-isomorphic RMSI configurations by deriving tight inner and outer bounds on the region. To derive the inner bounds, we first propose a scheme for each RMSI configuration which exploits both the null space and the side information of the receivers. We then use these schemes in conjunction with time sharing for 15 RMSI configurations, and with time sharing and two-symbol extension for the remaining one. To derive the outer bounds, we construct enhanced versions of the channel for each RMSI configuration, and upper bound their DoF region. After establishing the DoF region, in the case where all the nodes have the same number of antennas, we introduce some common properties of the DoF region, and the capacity region of the index coding problem.

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arXiv2016

Secure Index Coding: Existence and Construction

We investigate the construction of weakly-secure index codes for a sender to send messages to multiple receivers with side information in the presence of an eavesdropper. We derive a sufficient and necessary condition for the existence of index codes that are secure against an eavesdropper with access to any subset of messages of cardinality $t$, for any fixed $t$. In contrast to the benefits of using random keys in secure network coding, we prove that random keys do not promote security in three classes of index-coding instances.

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arXiv2016

A Multiway Relay Channel with Balanced Sources

We consider a joint source-channel coding problem on a finite-field multiway relay channel, and we give closed-form lower and upper bounds on the optimal source-channel rate. These bounds are shown to be tight for all discrete memoryless sources in a certain class $\mathcal{P}^*$, and we demonstrate that strict source-channel separation is optimal within this class. We show how to test whether a given source belongs to $\mathcal{P}^*$, we give a balanced-information regularity condition for $\mathcal{P}^*$, and we express $\mathcal{P}^*$ in terms of conditional multiple-mutual informations. Finally, we show that $\mathcal{P}^*$ is useful for a centralised storage problem.

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arXiv2016

The Single-Uniprior Index-Coding Problem: The Single-Sender Case and The Multi-Sender Extension

Index coding studies multiterminal source-coding problems where a set of receivers are required to decode multiple (possibly different) messages from a common broadcast, and they each know some messages a priori. In this paper, at the receiver end, we consider a special setting where each receiver knows only one message a priori, and each message is known to only one receiver. At the broadcasting end, we consider a generalized setting where there could be multiple senders, and each sender knows a subset of the messages. The senders collaborate to transmit an index code. This work looks at minimizing the number of total coded bits the senders are required to transmit. When there is only one sender, we propose a pruning algorithm to find a lower bound on the optimal (i.e., the shortest) index codelength, and show that it is achievable by linear index codes. When there are two or more senders, we propose an appending technique to be used in conjunction with the pruning technique to give a lower bound on the optimal index codelength; we also derive an upper bound based on cyclic codes. While the two bounds do not match in general, for the special case where no two distinct senders know any message in common, the bounds match, giving the optimal index codelength. The results are expressed in terms of strongly connected components in directed graphs that represent the index-coding problems.

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arXiv2016

Optimization of Graph Based Codes for Belief Propagation Decoding

A low-density parity-check (LDPC) code is a linear block code described by a sparse parity-check matrix, which can be efficiently represented by a bipartite Tanner graph. The standard iterative decoding algorithm, known as belief propagation, passes messages along the edges of this Tanner graph. Density evolution is an efficient method to analyze the performance of the belief propagation decoding algorithm for a particular LDPC code ensemble, enabling the determination of a decoding threshold. The basic problem addressed in this work is how to optimize the Tanner graph so that the decoding threshold is as large as possible. We introduce a new code optimization technique which involves the search space range which can be thought of as minimizing randomness in differential evolution or limiting the search range in exhaustive search. This technique is applied to the design of good irregular LDPC codes and multiedge type LDPC codes.

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