arXiv subjects

Le Luo

Publications and source records attributed to Le Luo.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Accountable yet Anonymous AI Agents - Split-Knowledge Binding in National Agent-Identity Layer in China

The emerging infrastructure for AI-agent identity has converged, in industry practice and research proposals alike, on a single resolution of the tension between accountability and privacy: make every agent identifiable. We document a national system in China -- built as national infrastructure and scheduled for public launch in Q3 2026 -- that occupies a different and underexplored point in the same design space: an agent is associated with a verified legal principal without that principal being disclosed to any business-layer participant. Re-identification is possible only to a legal authority acting through due process, by separately compelling two distinct government agencies, neither of which can re-identify alone. We name the mechanism split-knowledge binding and are candid that it is conditional: the separation is structural and procedural, not cryptographic, and a state empowered to compel both agencies can re-identify. The paper makes five contributions: (1) split-knowledge binding, an institutional rather than cryptographic separation for escrowed accountability; (2) the ex-post attribution thesis, the argued claim that only attribution-based accountability carries legal force for AI agent actions with legal consequences; (3) the accountability surface, a design concept identifying which agent actions leave identity-bearing traces; (4) a proportionality framework for identity escrow, a decision structure selecting among three trust architectures; and (5) the reflexive jurisdiction method, an evaluative standard administered to the paper's own deployment. The system is evidence of feasibility at national scale; the framework is the instrument by which any deployment -- including this one -- should be judged.

cs.CY↗

arXiv2026

Symmetry-Enforced Non-Hermitian Jarzynski Equality in an SU(2)-Rotated Family of Hybrid $\mathcal{PT}$--$\mathcal{APT}$ Systems

The Jarzynski equality is a cornerstone of nonequilibrium thermodynamics, linking work statistics to equilibrium free-energy differences. Although it has been extensively verified in classical and quantum Hermitian settings, its status in non-Hermitian dynamics remains under debate. Here we show that, in a postselected no-quantum-jump framework, a conditional non-Hermitian Jarzynski equality holds when the transition probabilities obey a parity-exchange symmetry. We study a constructed family of two-level hybrid Hamiltonians formed as linear combinations of parity-time ($\mathcal{PT}$) and anti-parity-time ($\mathcal{APT}$) symmetric terms, and demonstrate using complementary geometric and algebraic arguments that the parity-exchange symmetry persists throughout the corresponding $\mathrm{SU}(2)$-rotated orbit. Relative to previous $\mathcal{PT}$-focused conditional Jarzynski equality results, the advance here is an extension of the symmetry criterion from the isolated $\mathcal{PT}$ endpoint to a broader $\mathcal{PT}$--$\mathcal{APT}$ hybrid family. Experimentally, we implement three representative points, $\theta_k = 0, \pi/4, \pi/2$, in a single trapped $^{171}\mathrm{Yb}^+$ ion and measure the resulting work distributions under cyclic protocols with $\Delta F = 0$, confirming the predicted symmetry criterion at those points. Our results establish a symmetry-based extension of the conditional non-Hermitian Jarzynski relation within this restricted two-level setting.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2026

Distributed quantum-classical hybrid algorithm for solving K-SAT problem

Recently, Dunjko et al.(PRL, 2018) proposed an algorithm for accelerating the solution of 3-satisfiability problems using a small-scale quantum computer. In this paper, we design a distributed quantum-classical hybrid algorithm for solving K-satisfiability problems. Under resource-constrained conditions, our algorithm achieves a significant acceleration in the core term of the exponential time complexity. The proposed algorithm is a generalization of the algorithm by Dunjko et al. Compared with their algorithm, our algorithm requires a smaller number of qubits. More importantly, the proposed algorithm does not rely on any quantum communication.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2026

Distributed Quantum Discrete Logarithm Algorithm

Solving the discrete logarithm problem (DLP) with quantum computers is a fundamental task with important implications. Beyond Shor's algorithm, many researchers have proposed alternative solutions in recent years. However, due to current hardware limitations, the scale of DLP instances that can be addressed by quantum computers remains insufficient. To overcome this limitation, we propose a distributed quantum discrete logarithm algorithm that reduces the required quantum register size for solving DLPs. Specifically, we design a distributed quantum algorithm to determine whether the solution is contained in a given set. Based on this procedure, our method solves DLPs by identifying the intersection of sets containing the solution. Compared with Shor's original algorithm, our approach reduces the register size and can improve the success probability, while requiring no quantum communication.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2026

Orbital-Dependent Dimensional Crossover of a $p$-Wave Feshbach Resonance

We report the observation of a dimensional crossover of a $p$-wave Feshbach resonance in an ultracold, spin-polarized $^6$Li Fermi gas confined by a one-dimensional optical lattice. Using high-resolution atom-loss spectroscopy, we resolve the orbital doublet associated with the $\ml=0$ and $|\ml|=1$ scattering channels over a wide range of lattice depths. In the weak-confinement regime, the atom loss signal associated with the $|\ml|=1$ branch is stronger, consistent with the twofold orbital degeneracy of the three-dimensional system. As the lattice confinement increases, the relative loss weight of the two orbital branches evolves continuously toward the quasi-two-dimensional limit, indicating a progressive suppression of relative motion along the lattice direction. In addition, we observe a systematic confinement dependence of the orbital splitting between the two resonance branches. These results provide an experimental characterization of orbital-dependent $p$-wave scattering in reduced dimensions and motivate future microscopic studies of confined anisotropic scattering.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

arXiv2026

Accelerating evaporative cooling of a strongly interacting Fermi gas by tilting the optical trap with a magnetic field gradient

We present a rapid evaporative cooling scheme for a strongly interacting $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$ Fermi gas in an optical dipole trap. The method uses a magnetic-field-gradient--induced tilt of the trapping potential to accelerate cooling in the unitarity-limited regime. In evaporation based only on lowering the optical trap depth, the unitarity-limited scattering cross section can support runaway cooling; however, the cooling rate slows around $T/T_F \simeq 0.5$, and the runaway behavior is no longer maintained. We improve on this approach by applying a magnetic-field gradient when the gas temperature reaches about half the Fermi temperature. The induced tilt opens an escape channel for energetic atoms while keeping the trap frequencies nearly unchanged. This modification increases the cooling speed and cools the gas below the superfluid transition temperature, reaching $T/T_F = 0.16$ on a timescale of $\sim 25\,\mathrm{ms}$. Our results provide a simple and robust route for rapidly cooling a strongly interacting Fermi gas into the superfluid regime, facilitating studies of the physics of unitary Fermi superfluids.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

arXiv2025

Orbital-resolved three-body recombination across a p-wave Feshbach resonance in ultracold $^6$Li

We report precision, orbital-resolved measurements of three-body recombination near the 159~G $p$-wave Feshbach resonance in an ultracold gas of $^{6}$Li atoms prepared in their lowest hyperfine state. Using a radio-frequency gated protocol that suppresses magnetic-field transients below the milligauss level, we resolve loss features associated with the $|m_\ell|=1$ and $m_\ell=0$ orbital projections. The measured three-body loss coefficient $L_3$ is well captured by a thermally averaged cascade-recombination model, enabling extraction of the resonance splitting $\delta B$ and effective-range parameter $k_e$. At the lowest temperature, we obtain $\delta B = 7.6(3)$~mG and $k_e = 0.151(6)\,a_0^{-1}$, both in quantitative agreement with coupled-channel theory. These results establish orbital-resolved three-body spectroscopy as a precision probe of $p$-wave scattering and provide a benchmark for microscopic models of resonant few-body loss.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

arXiv2025

Non-Hermitian Sensing via a Divergent Quantum Metric

The quantum metric, a geometric measure of state-space distance, has recently attracted growing attention for capturing anomalous state responses to parameter variations. Especially in non-Hermitian systems, the quantum metric has been observed to diverge when the eigenstates coalesce, a phenomenon identified as a remarkable resource for sensing. Here, by exploiting this divergence, we establish a non-Hermitian sensing scheme that leverages enhanced transient dynamics to provide a geometric gain for amplifying external field signals. We confirm the critical enhancement in the Fisher information using a trapped-ion 171Yb+ platform and demonstrate superior noise robustness over conventional eigenvalue-splitting--based non-Hermitian schemes by evaluating the minimum detectable signal. Moreover, this scheme can be naturally combined with non-Hermitian topological dynamics, revealing a unique unidirectional sensing response, which indicates its potential for directional signal discrimination. Our work establishes a new paradigm for sensing in open quantum systems through critical quantum geometry and opens a route toward robust topological quantum sensing.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2025

Universal Error Correction for Distributed Quantum Computing

In distributed quantum computing, the final solution of a problem is usually achieved by catenating these partial solutions resulted from different computing nodes, but intolerable errors likely yield in this catenation process. In this paper, we propose a universal error correction scheme to reduce errors and obtain effective solutions. Then, we apply this error correction scheme to designing a distributed phase estimation algorithm that presents a basic tool for studying distributed Shor's algorithm and distributed discrete logarithm algorithm as well as other distributed quantum algorithms. Our method may provide a universal strategy of error correction for a kind of distributed quantum computing.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2025

Shot-Noise-Limited Laser Frequency Stabilization Using a High-Resolution Wavelength Meter

We present a compact laser frequency stabilization method by locking a 556 nm laser to a high-precision wavelength meter. Unlike traditional schemes that rely on optical cavities or atomic references, we stabilize the laser frequency via a closed-loop feedback system referenced to a wavelength meter. This configuration effectively suppresses long-term frequency drifts, achieving frequency stability to the wavelength meter's shot-noise-limited resolution. The system enables sub-hundred-kilohertz stability without complex optical components, making it suitable for compact or field-deployable applications. Our results demonstrate that, with proper feedback design, wavelength meter-based locking can offer a practical and scalable solution for precision optical experiments requiring long-term frequency stability.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2025

Verified Universal Breakdown of Kibble-Zurek Scaling in Fast Quenches

The Kibble-Zurek mechanism (KZM) predicts that when a system is driven through a continuous phase transition, the density of topological defects scales universally with the quench rate. Recent theoretical work [H.-B. Zeng \textit{et al.}, \textit{Phys. Rev. Lett.} \textbf{130}, 060402 (2023)] has challenged this picture, showing that under sufficiently fast quenches, both the defect density and freezing time become independent of the quench rate and instead scale universally with the quench range. Here, we experimentally test this prediction using a single trapped-ion qubit to simulate fast quantum quenches in the Landau-Zener and 1D Rice-Mele models. We identify a critical quench rate $ v_c $ that scales with the quench range $ \delta_{\max} $, separating two distinct dynamical regimes. In the Rice-Mele model, for $ v < v_c $, the defect density follows the KZM scaling $ \sim v^{1/2} $; for $ v > v_c $, it exhibits a universal scaling $ \sim \delta_{\max} $, independent of the quench rate. Our results provide direct experimental evidence of the predicted breakdown of KZM universality under fast quenches.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2025

Precision Measurement of Spin-Dependent Dipolar Splitting in $^6$Li p-Wave Feshbach Resonances

The magnetic dipolar splitting of a p-wave Feshbach resonance is governed by the spin-orbital configuration of the valence electrons in the triplet molecular state. We perform high-resolution trap loss spectroscopy on ultracold 6Li atoms to resolve this splitting with sub-milligauss precision. By comparing spin-polarized (|mS| = 1) and spin-mixture (mS = 0) configurations of the triplet state, we observe a clear spin-dependent reversal in the splitting structure, confirmed via momentumresolved absorption imaging. This behavior directly reflects the interplay between electron spin projection mS and orbital angular momentum ml in the molecular states. Our results provide a stringent benchmark for dipole-dipole interaction models and lay the groundwork for controlling the pairing in p-wave superfluid systems.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

arXiv2025

STGA: Selective-Training Gaussian Head Avatars

We propose selective-training Gaussian head avatars (STGA) to enhance the details of dynamic head Gaussian. The dynamic head Gaussian model is trained based on the FLAME parameterized model. Each Gaussian splat is embedded within the FLAME mesh to achieve mesh-based animation of the Gaussian model. Before training, our selection strategy calculates the 3D Gaussian splat to be optimized in each frame. The parameters of these 3D Gaussian splats are optimized in the training of each frame, while those of the other splats are frozen. This means that the splats participating in the optimization process differ in each frame, to improve the realism of fine details. Compared with network-based methods, our method achieves better results with shorter training time. Compared with mesh-based methods, our method produces more realistic details within the same training time. Additionally, the ablation experiment confirms that our method effectively enhances the quality of details.

cs.GR↗

arXiv2025

Efficient shortcuts-to-adiabaticity for loading an ultracold Fermi gas into higher orbital bands of one-dimensional optical lattice

We propose an experimental scheme to load ultracold Fermi gases from the ground orbital band of a one-dimensional optical lattice into the first excited orbital band. Unlike the narrow momentum distribution of a Bose-Einstein Condensate, Fermi gases exhibit a broad momentum distribution. To address this, we define the average loading efficiency across all quasi-momentum states and theoretically perform the loading operation simultaneously for each Bloch state. Using a multiparameter global optimization method, we determine the loading efficiency at various lattice depths. We can enhance the loading efficiency by adjusting the phase of the lattice, which leverages the different symmetries of Bloch wavefunctions in various optical lattice orbitals. We also identified that the primary factor hindering higher loading efficiency in the Fermi gas is the multiple occupancy of the quasi-momentum states. Our simulations of various occupancies revealed a decreasing trend in mean loading efficiency as the number of occupied quasi-momentum states increases. Finally, we compare our method with other loading techniques and assess its experimental feasibility.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

arXiv2024

Exact Quantum Algorithm for Unit Commitment Optimization based on Partially Connected Quantum Neural Networks

The quantum hybrid algorithm has become a very promising and speedily method today for solving the larger-scale optimization in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era. The unit commitment (UC) problem is a fundamental problem in the power system which aims to satisfy a balance load with minimal cost. In this paper, we focus on the implement of the UC-solving by exact quantum algorithms based on the quantum neural network (QNN). This method is tested with up to 10-unit system with the balance load constraint. In order to improve the computing precision and reduce the network complexity, we suggest the knowledge-based partially connected quantum neural network (PCQNN). The results show that the exact solutions can be obtained by the improved algorithm and the depth of the quantum circuit can be reduced simultaneously.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2024

Observation of quantum-classical transition behavior of LGI in a dissipative quantum gas

The Leggett-Garg inequality (LGI) is a powerful tool for distinguishing between quantum and classical properties in studies of macroscopic systems. Applying the LGI to non-Hermitian systems with dissipation presents a fascinating opportunity, as competing mechanisms can either strengthen or weaken LGI violations. On one hand, dissipation-induced nonlinear interactions amplify LGI violations compared to Hermitian systems; on the other hand, dissipation leads to decoherence, which could weaken the LGI violation. In this paper, we investigate a non-Hermitian system of ultracold Fermi gas with dissipation. Our experiments reveal that as dissipation increases, the upper bound of the third-order LGI parameter $K_3$ initially rises, reaching its maximum at the exceptional point (EP), where $K_3 = C_{21} + C_{32} - C_{31}$, encompassing three two-time correlation functions. Beyond a certain dissipation threshold, the LGI violation weakens, approaching the classical limit, indicating a quantum-to-classical transition (QCT). Furthermore, we observe that the LGI violation decreases with increasing evolution time, reinforcing the QCT in the time domain. This study provides a crucial stepping stone for using the LGI to explore the QCT in many-body open quantum systems.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

arXiv2024

LoDAvatar: Hierarchical Embedding and Selective Detail Enhancement for Adaptive Levels of Detail Gaussian Avatars

With the advancement of virtual reality, the demand for 3D human avatars is increasing. The emergence of Gaussian Splatting technology has enabled the rendering of Gaussian avatars with superior visual quality and reduced computational costs. Despite numerous methods researchers propose for implementing drivable Gaussian avatars, limited attention has been given to balancing visual quality and computational costs. In this paper, we introduce LoDAvatar, a method that introduces levels of detail into Gaussian avatars through hierarchical embedding and selective detail enhancement methods. The key steps of LoDAvatar encompass data preparation, Gaussian embedding, Gaussian optimization, and selective detail enhancement. We conducted experiments involving Gaussian avatars at various levels of detail, employing both objective assessments and subjective evaluations. The outcomes indicate that incorporating levels of detail into Gaussian avatars can decrease computational costs during rendering while upholding commendable visual quality, thereby enhancing runtime frame rates. We advocate adopting LoDAvatar to render multiple dynamic Gaussian avatars or extensive Gaussian scenes to balance visual quality and computational costs.

cs.GR↗

arXiv2024

Distributed exact multi-objective quantum search algorithm

Multi-objective search means searching for any one of several objectives in an unstructured database. Grover's algorithm has quadratic acceleration in multi-objection search than classical ones. Iterated operator in Grover's algorithm is a key element and plays an important role in amplitude amplification. In this paper, we design two distributed iterated operators and therefore two new distributed Grover's algorithms are obtained with the following advantages: (1) Compared to Grover's algorithm and the modified Grover's algorithm by Long, our distributed algorithms require fewer qubits; (2) Compared to the distributed Grover's algorithm proposed by Qiu et al., one of our distributed algorithms is exact. Of course, both our distributed algorithms require quite quantum communication and involve a number of more complicated unitary operators as cost, but there still may have certain advantage of physical realizability in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era.

quant-ph↗