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Leonardo Ermann

Publications and source records attributed to Leonardo Ermann.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Complex spacing ratio statistics in the partially open asymmetric quantum baker map

We study the complex eigenvalue statistics of the asymmetric quantum baker map with partial projective openings. The classical asymmetric baker map, with its discontinuity at $q=2/3$, is fully chaotic, has no reflection symmetry, and provides a clean setting with tunable escape rate and fractal repeller dimension. We consider three distinct opening geometries in position space: localized (contiguous channels), random, and uniform (equispaced channels), all controlled by a tunable amplitude reflectivity parameter $\rho$ that interpolates between the fully open ($\rho=0$) and the closed ($\rho=1$) limits. We use the partially truncated circular unitary ensemble (PTCUE) as the random matrix theory benchmark. The main focus is on the joint distribution of the complex spacing ratio $z$, defined as the ratio of the distances from an eigenvalue to its nearest and next-nearest neighbors in the complex plane. We find a smooth crossover from a quasi-1D spectral regime, where eigenvalues cluster near the unit circle and the phase distribution of $z$ is peaked, to a two-dimensional Ginibre-like regime, where the distribution becomes nearly uniform and level repulsion is fully developed. Both the number of open channels $M$ and the reflectivity $\rho$ modulate this crossover, and $\rho$ provides an additional continuous control even at fixed opening size. All three opening models converge to PTCUE statistics at large $M$, while differences are most pronounced for the localized model at small $M$. No evidence of an abrupt transition is found. This crossover which suggests a universal behavior, has deep consequences for open quantum and wave-chaotic experiments.

quant-ph

Thermodynamic description of wealth inequality in the world

According to the recent Wealth Thermalization Hypothesis (WTH) the wealth inequality in the world is described by the Rayleigh-Jeans (RJ) thermal distribution of interacting agents in a society with social stratification. In this concept, the wealth layers of society are associated with energy levels from a nonlinear dynamical system conserving two integrals of motion being total energy and probability norm. This leads to RJ condensation and the formation of a huge poverty phase of low wealth and a tiny oligarchic phase that captures a main part of total society wealth. This RJ phenomenon has similarities with self cleaning in multimode optical fibers and constraint driven condensation in various physical systems. We analyze real Lorenz and Pareto curves for wealth of households in countries and the world, Gross Domestic Product of countries, market capitalization of companies at stock exchange of Hong Kong, Shanghai, London, bitcoin transactions, world trade between countries and show that the WTH theory gives a good description of these curves. On the basis of this comparison we argue that the RJ thermal distribution provides a universal description of wealth inequality in the world.

cond-mat.stat-mech

Boltzmann-Loschmidt dispute reloaded quantum 150 years later

The Boltzmann-Loschmidt dispute of 1876 questioned the possibility of a statistical irreversible description by time reversible classical equations of motion of atoms. Here we show analytically and numerically that the quantum chaos diffusion of cold atoms, or ions, in a harmonic trap and pulsed optical lattice can be inverted back in time with up to 100\% efficiency. This is in sharp contrast to classical evolution where exponentially small errors break time reversibility. We argue that the existing experimental skills allow highlighting the Boltzmann-Loschmidt dispute from a quantum perspective.

cond-mat.stat-mech

Opinion formation in Wikipedia Ising networks

We study properties of opinion formation on Wikipedia Ising Networks. Each Wikipedia article is represented as a node and links are formed by citations of one article to another generating a directed network of a given language edition with millions of nodes. Ising spins are placed at each node and their orientation up or down is determined by a majority vote of connected neighbors. At the initial stage there are only a few nodes from two groups with fixed competing opinions up and down while other nodes are assumed to have no initial opinion with no effect on the vote. The competition of two opinions is modeled by an asynchronous Monte Carlo process converging to a spin polarized steady-state phase. This phase remains stable with respect to small fluctuations induced by an effective temperature of the Monte Carlo process. The opinion polarization at the steady-state provides opinion (spin) preferences for each node. In the framework of this Ising Network Opinion Formation model we analyze the influence and competition between political leaders, world countries and social concepts. This approach is also generalized to the competition between three groups of different opinions described by three colors, for example Donald Trump, Vladimir Putin, Xi Jinping or USA, Russia, China within English, Russian and Chinese editions of Wikipedia of March 2025. We argue that this approach provides a generic description of opinion formation in various complex networks.

cs.SI

Dynamical thermalization, Rayleigh-Jeans condensate, vortexes and wave collapse in quantum chaos fibers and fluid of light

We study analytically and numerically the time evolution of a nonlinear field described by the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation in a chaotic $D$-shape billiard. In absence of nonlinearity the system has standard properties of quantum chaos. This model describes a longitudinal light propagation in a multimode D-shape optical fiber and also those in a Kerr nonlinear medium of atomic vapor. We show that, above a certain chaos border of nonlinearity, chaos leads to dynamical thermalization with the Rayleigh-Jeans thermal distribution and the formation of the Rayleigh-Jeans condensate in a vicinity of the ground state accumulating in it about 80-90\% of total probability. Certain similarities of this phenomenon with the Fr\"ohlich condensate are discussed. Below the chaos border the dynamics is quasi-integrable corresponding to the Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser integrability. We describe also the time evolution during the process of relaxation to the thermal state and the time dependence of quantum von Neumann and classical Boltzmann entropies during this process. At a strong focusing nonlinearity we show that the wave collapse can take place even at sufficiently high positive energy being very different from the open space case. Finally for the defocusing case we establish the superfluid regime for vortex dynamics at strong nonlinearity. System parameters for optical fiber experimental studies of these effects are also discussed.

cond-mat.stat-mech

Ideal Gas Law for a Quantum Particle

The question of how classical thermodynamic laws emerge from the underlying quantum substrate lies at the foundations of physics. Here, we examine the validity of the ideal gas law (IGL) for a single quantum particle confined within a two-dimensional cavity. By interpreting the quantum wave function as a probability density analogous to that of an ideal gas, we employ the energy equipartition principle to define the temperature of the quantum state. For the mean pressure we take two definitions, one straightforwardly based on the radiation pressure concept and the other taking advantage of a quasi-orthogonality relation valid for billiard eigenstates. We analyze systems with regular dynamics-the circular and rectangular billiards-and compare them with the classically chaotic Bunimovich stadium. We find that the IGL for the first definition of pressure holds exactly in isotropic systems (as the circular case), while for anisotropic geometries, quantum eigenfunctions generally conform to the IGL only on average, exhibiting meaningful deviations. These deviations are diminished in the presence of chaotic dynamics and for coherent states. This observation is consistent with the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH). Notably, the second definition of pressure allows for a good matching with the IGL.

quant-ph

Confrontation of capitalism and socialism in Wikipedia networks

We introduce the Ising Network Opinion Formation (INOF) model and apply it for the analysis of networks of 6 Wikipedia language editions. In the model, Ising spins are placed at network nodes/articles and the steady-state opinion polarization of spins is determined from the Monte Carlo iterations in which a given spin orientation is determined by in-going links from other spins. The main consideration is done for opinion confrontation between {\it capitalism, imperialism} (blue opinion) and {\it socialism, communism} (red opinion). These nodes have fixed spin/opinion orientation while other nodes achieve their steady-state opinions in the process of Monte Carlo iterations. We find that the global network opinion favors {\it socialism, communism} for all 6 editions. The model also determines the opinion preferences for world countries and political leaders, showing good agreement with heuristic expectations. We also present results for opinion competition between {\it Christianity} and {\it Islam}, and USA Democratic and Republican parties. We argue that the INOF approach can find numerous applications for directed complex networks.

cs.SI

Ground state of composite bosons in low-dimensional graphs

We consider a system of composite bosons given by strongly bound fermion pairs tunneling through sites that form a low-dimensional network. It has been shown that the ground state of this system can have condensate-like properties in the very dilute regime for two-dimensional lattices but displays fermionization for one-dimensional lattices. Studying graphs with fractal dimensions, we explore intermediate situations between these two cases and observe a correlation between increasing dimension and increasing condensate-like character. However, this is only the case for graphs for which the average path length grows with power smaller than 1 in the number of sites, and which have an unbounded circuit rank. We thus conjecture that these two conditions are relevant for condensation of composite bosons in arbitrary networks, and should be considered jointly with the well-established criterion of high entanglement between constituents.

quant-ph

Fokker-Planck treatment of nonlinearities in the dispersive coupling of an ion and an optical cavity

We complement previous studies of an ion coupled with an optical cavity in the dispersive regime, for a model which exhibits bistability of different configurations in the semiclassical description. Our approach is based on a truncated evolution in phase space and is intended to explore an especially interesting parameter region where the fully quantum-mechanical solution becomes hard but the crudest semiclassical approach fails to capture essential phenomena. We compare the results of our techniques with the ones from numerical diagonalization of the quantum evolution and find that although the treatment leads to a smoothening and a slight shift of the transitions in the system, it still provides a clear improvement over localized semiclassical approximations.

quant-ph

COVID-19 impact on the international trade

Using the United Nations Comtrade database, we perform the Google matrix analysis of the multiproduct World Trade Network (WTN) for the years 2018-2020 comprising the emergence of the COVID-19 as a global pandemic. The applied algorithms -- the PageRank, the CheiRank and the reduced Google matrix -- take into account the multiplicity of the WTN links providing new insights on the international trade comparing to the usual import-export analysis. These algorithms establish new rankings and trade balances of countries and products considering every countries on equal grounds, independently of their wealth, and every products on the basis of their relative exchanged volumes. In comparison with the pre-COVID-19 period, significant changes in these metrics occur for the year 2020 highlighting a major rewiring of the international trade flows induced by the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. We define a new PageRank-CheiRank product trade balance, either export or import oriented, which is significantly perturbed by the pandemic.

q-fin.ST

Loschmidt echo and Poincar\'e recurrences of entanglement

We study numerically the properties of entanglement of two interacting, or noninteracting, particles evolving in a regime of quantum chaos in the quantum Chirikov standard map. Such pairs can be viewed as interacting, on noninteracting, Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pairs in a regime of quantum chaos. The analysis is done with such tools as the Loschmidt echo of entanglement and the Poincar\'e recurrences of entanglement in presence of absorption. The obtained results show unusual features of the entropy of entanglement and the spectrum of Schmidt decomposition with their dependence on interactions at different quantum chaos regimes.

quant-ph

A trapped ion in an optical cavity: numerical study of an optomechanical transition in the few-photon regime

We consider an optomechanical system composed by a trapped ion dispersively coupled to a single mode of a pumped optical cavity. We focus in a parameter range for which the semiclassical description predicts two clearly distinct equilibrium configurations in the limits of small and large photon pumping, while a bistable regime is found for intermediate pumping. This semiclassical description, however, is not valid in close proximity of the system transitions or when the mean photon number is low. Here we provide a numerical analysis of the fully quantum state in the few-photon regime, exploring the features of the asymptotic state across the transition and analyzing possible markers of semiclassical bistability. We find an increase in the entropy of the system and of the entanglement in the transition region, but no clear signatures of metastability in the spectrum of the evolution.

quant-ph

Deconfinement of classical Yang-Mills color fields in a disorder potential

We study numerically and analytically the behavior of classical Yang-Mills color fields in a random one-dimensional potential described by the Anderson model with disorder. Above a certain threshold the nonlinear interactions of Yang-Mills fields lead to chaos and deconfinement of color wavepackets with their subdiffusive spreading in space. The algebraic exponent of the second moment growth in time is found to be in a range of 0.3 to 0.4. Below the threshold color wavepackets remain confined even if a very slow spreading at very long times is not excluded due to subtle nonlinear effects and the Arnold diffusion for the case when initially color packets are located in a close vicinity. In a case of large initial separation of color wavepackets they remain well confined and localized in space. We also present comparison with the behavior of the one-component field model of discrete Anderson nonlinear Schrödinger equation with disorder.

cond-mat.str-el

World impact of kernel European Union 9 countries from Google matrix analysis of the world trade network

We use the United Nations COMTRADE database for analysis of the multiproduct world trade network. With this data, considered for years 2012-2018, we determined the world trade impact of the Kernel of EU 9 countries (KEU9), being Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, considered as one united country. We apply the advanced Google matrix analysis for investigation of the influence of KEU9 and show that KEU9 takes the top trade network rank positions thus becoming the main player of the world trade being ahead of USA and China. Our network analysis provides additional mathematical grounds in favor of the recent proposal of KEU9 super-union which is based only on historical, political and economy basis.

cs.SI

Jaynes-Cummings model under monochromatic driving

We study analytically and numerically the properties of Jaynes-Cummings model under monochromatic driving. The analytical results allow to understand the regime of two branches of multi-photon excitation in the case of close resonance between resonator and driven frequencies. The rotating wave approximation allows to reduce the description of original driven model to an effective Jaynes-Cummings model with strong coupling between photons and qubit. The analytical results are in a good agreement with the numerical ones even if there are certain deviations between the theory and numerics in the close vicinity of the resonance. We argue that the rich properties of driven Jaynes-Cummings model represent a new area for experimental investigations with superconducting qubits and other systems.

quant-ph

Dynamical thermalization of interacting fermionic atoms in a Sinai-oscillator trap

We study numerically the problem of dynamical thermalization of interacting cold fermionic atoms placed in an isolated Sinai-oscillator trap. This system is characterized by a quantum chaos regime for one-particle dynamics. We show that for a many-body system of cold atoms the interactions, with a strength above a certain quantum chaos border given by the Aberg criterion, lead to the Fermi-Dirac distribution and relaxation of many-body initial states to the thermalized state in absence of any contact with a thermostate. We discuss the properties of this dynamical thermalization and its links with the Loschmidt-Boltzmann dispute.

cond-mat.quant-gas

Influence of petroleum and gas trade on EU economies from the reduced Google matrix analysis of UN COMTRADE data

Using the United Nations COMTRADE database we apply the reduced Google matrix (REGOMAX) algorithm to analyze the multiproduct world trade in years 2004-2016. Our approach allows to determine the trade balance sensitivity of a group of countries to a specific product price increase from a specific exporting country taking into account all direct and indirect trade pathways via all world countries exchanging 61 UN COMTRADE identified trade products. On the basis of this approach we present the influence of trade in petroleum and gas products from Russia, USA, Saudi Arabia and Norway determining the sensitivity of each EU country. We show that the REGOMAX approach provides a new and more detailed analysis of trade influence propagation comparing to the usual approach based on export and import flows.

q-fin.ST

Incommensurate standard map

We introduce and study the extension of the Chirikov standard map when the kick potential has two and three incommensurate spatial harmonics. This system is called the incommensurate standard map. At small kick amplitudes the dynamics is bounded by the isolating Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser surfaces while above a certain kick strength it becomes unbounded and diffusive. The quantum evolution at small quantum kick amplitudes is somewhat similar to the case of Aubru-André model studied in mathematics and experiments with cold atoms in a static incommensurate potential. We show that for the quantum map there is also a metal-insulator transition in space while in momentum we have localization similar to the case of 2D Anderson localization. In the case of three incommensurate frequencies of space potential the quantum evolution is characterized by the Anderson transition similar to 3D case of disordered potential. We discuss possible physical systems with such map description including dynamics of comets and dark matter in planetary systems.

nlin.CD