arXiv subjects

Leonardo Giusti

Publications and source records attributed to Leonardo Giusti.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

arXiv2014

Testing the Witten-Veneziano mechanism with the Yang-Mills gradient flow on the lattice

We present a precise computation of the topological charge distribution in the $SU(3)$ Yang-Mills theory. It is carried out on the lattice with high statistics Monte Carlo simulations by employing the clover discretization of the field strength tensor combined with the Yang-Mills gradient flow. The flow equations are integrated numerically by a fourth-order structure-preserving Runge-Kutta method. We have performed simulations at four lattice spacings and several lattice sizes to remove with confidence the systematic errors in the second (topological susceptibility $χ_t^\text{YM}$) and the fourth cumulant of the distribution. In the continuum we obtain the preliminary results $t_0^2χ_t^\text{YM}=6.53(8)\times 10^{-4}$ and the ratio between the fourth and the second cumulant $R=0.233(45)$. Our results disfavour the $θ$-behaviour of the vacuum energy predicted by dilute instanton models, while they are compatible with the expectation from the large-$N_c$ expansion.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2014

Non-perturbative renormalization of the energy-momentum tensor in SU(3) Yang-Mills theory

We present a strategy for a non-perturbative determination of the finite renormalization constants of the energy-momentum tensor in the SU(3) Yang-Mills theory. The computation is performed by imposing on the lattice suitable Ward Identites at finite temperature in presence of shifted boundary conditions. We show accurate preliminary numerical data for values of the bare coupling g_0^2 ranging for 0 to 1.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2014

Chiral symmetry breaking in QCD Lite

A distinctive feature of the presence of spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking in QCD is the condensation of low modes of the Dirac operator near the origin. The rate of condensation must be equal to the slope of (Mpi^2 Fpi^2)/2 with respect to the quark mass m in the chiral limit, where Mpi and Fpi are the mass and the decay constant of the Nambu-Goldstone bosons. We compute the spectral density of the (Hermitian) Dirac operator, the quark mass, the pseudoscalar meson mass and decay constant by numerical simulations of lattice QCD with two light degenerate Wilson quarks. We use CLS lattices at three values of the lattice spacing in the range 0.05-0.08 fm, and for several quark masses corresponding to pseudoscalar mesons masses down to 190 MeV. Thanks to this coverage of parameters space, we can extrapolate all quantities to the chiral and continuum limits with confidence. The results show that the low quark modes do condense in the continuum as expected by the Banks-Casher mechanism, and the rate of condensation agrees with the Gell-Mann-Oakes-Renner (GMOR) relation. For the renormalisation-group-invariant ratios we obtain [Σ^RGI]^(1/3)/F =2.77(2)(4) and Lambda^MSbar/F = 3.6(2), which correspond to [Σ^\MSbar(2 GeV)]^(1/3) =263(3)(4) MeV and F=85.8(7)(20) MeV if FK is used to set the scale by supplementing the theory with a quenched strange quark.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2014

Equation of state of a relativistic theory from a moving frame

We propose a new strategy for determining the equation of state of a relativistic thermal quantum field theory by considering it in a moving reference system. In this frame an observer can measure the entropy density of the system directly from its average total momentum. In the Euclidean path integral formalism, this amounts to compute the expectation value of the off-diagonal components T_{0k} of the energy-momentum tensor in presence of shifted boundary conditions. The entropy is thus easily measured from the expectation value of a local observable computed at the target temperature T only. At large T, the temperature itself is the only scale which drives the systematic errors, and the lattice spacing can be tuned to perform a reliable continuum limit extrapolation while keeping finite-size effects under control. We test this strategy for the four-dimensional SU(3) Yang-Mills theory. We present precise results for the entropy density and its step-scaling function in the temperature range 0.9 T_c - 20 T_c. At each temperature, we consider four lattice spacings in order to extrapolate the results to the continuum limit. As a byproduct we also determine the ultraviolet finite renormalization constant of T_{0k} by imposing suitable Ward identities. These findings establish this strategy as a solid, simple and efficient method for an accurate determination of the equation of state of a relativistic thermal field theory over several orders of magnitude in T.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2013

Measuring the entropy from shifted boundary conditions

We explore a new computational strategy for determining the equation of state of the SU(3) Yang-Mills theory. By imposing shifted boundary conditions, the entropy density is computed from the vacuum expectation value of the off-diagonal components T_{0k} of the energy-momentum tensor. A step-scaling function is introduced to span a wide range in temperature values. We present preliminary numerical results for the entropy density and its step-scaling function obtained at eight temperature values in the range T_c - 15 T_c. At each temperature, discretization effects are removed by simulating the theory at several lattice spacings and by extrapolating the results to the continuum limit. Finite-size effects are always kept below the statistical errors. The absence of ultraviolet power divergences and the remarkably small discretization effects allow for a precise determination of the step-scaling function in the explored temperature range. These findings establish this strategy as a viable solution for an accurate determination of the equation of state in a wide range of temperature values.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2013

Thermal field theories and shifted boundary conditions

The analytic continuation to an imaginary velocity of the canonical partition function of a thermal system expressed in a moving frame has a natural implementation in the Euclidean path-integral formulation in terms of shifted boundary conditions. The Poincare' invariance underlying a relativistic theory implies a dependence of the free-energy on the compact length L_0 and the shift xi only through the combination beta=L_0(1+xi^2)^(1/2). This in turn implies that the energy and the momentum distributions of the thermal theory are related, a fact which is encoded in a set of Ward identities among the correlators of the energy-momentum tensor. The latter have interesting applications in lattice field theory: they offer novel ways to compute thermodynamic potentials, and a set of identities to renormalize non-perturbatively the energy-momentum tensor. At fixed bare parameters the shifted boundary conditions also provide a simple method to vary the temperature in much smaller steps than with the standard procedure.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2013

Chiral condensate from the Banks-Casher relation

We report on our ongoing project of determining the chiral condensate of two-flavor QCD from the Banks-Casher relation. We compute the mode number of the O(a)-improved Wilson-Dirac operator for several values of Λ, and we discuss different fitting strategies to extract the chiral condensate from its mass and Λdependence. Our preliminary results haven been obtained at two different lattice spacings by using CLS-configurations.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2012

Implications of Poincare symmetry for thermal field theories in finite-volume

The analytic continuation to an imaginary velocity $iξ$ of the canonical partition function of a thermal system expressed in a moving frame has a natural implementation in the Euclidean path-integral formulation in terms of shifted boundary conditions. Writing the Boltzmann factor as $\exp[-L_0(H-iξ.P)]$, the Poincare invariance underlying a relativistic theory implies a dependence of the free-energy on $L_0$ and the shift $ξ$ only through the combination $β= L_0 \sqrt{1+ξ^2}$. This in turn implies a set of Ward identities, some of which were previously derived by us, among the correlators of the energy-momentum tensor. In the infinite-volume limit they lead to relations among the cumulants of the total energy distribution and those of the momentum, i.e. they connect the energy and the momentum distributions in the canonical ensemble. In finite volume the Poincare symmetry translates into exact relations among partition functions and correlation functions defined with different sets of (generalized) periodic boundary conditions. They have interesting applications in lattice field theory. In particular, they offer Ward identities to renormalize non-perturbatively the energy-momentum tensor and novel ways to compute thermodynamic potentials. At fixed bare parameters they also provide a simple method to vary the temperature in much smaller steps than with the standard procedure.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2011

Thermal momentum distribution from shifted boundary conditions

At finite temperature the distribution of the total momentum is an observable characterizing the thermal state of a field theory, and its cumulants are related to thermodynamic potentials. In a relativistic system at zero chemical potential, for instance, the thermal variance of the total momentum is a direct measure of the entropy. We relate the generating function of the cumulants to the ratio of a path integral with properly shifted boundary conditions in the compact direction over the ordinary partition function. In this form it is well suited for Monte-Carlo evaluation, and the cumulants can be extracted straightforwardly. We test the method in the SU(3) Yang--Mills theory, and obtain the entropy density at three different temperatures.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2011

Thermodynamic potentials from shifted boundary conditions: the scalar-field theory case

In a thermal field theory, the cumulants of the momentum distribution can be extracted from the dependence of the Euclidean path integral on a shift in the fields built into the temporal boundary condition. When combined with the Ward identities associated with the invariance of the theory under the Poincare' group, thermodynamic potentials such as the entropy or the pressure can be directly inferred from the response of the system to the shift. Crucially the argument holds, up to harmless finite-size and discretization effects, even if translational and rotational invariance are broken to a discrete subgroup of finite shifts and rotations such as in a lattice box. The formulas are thus applicable at finite lattice spacing and volume provided the derivatives are replaced by their discrete counterpart, and no additive or multiplicative ultraviolet-divergent renormalizations are needed to take the continuum limit. In this paper we present a complete derivation of the relevant formulas in the scalar field theory, where several technical complications are avoided with respect to gauge theories. As a by-product we obtain a recursion relation among the cumulants of the momentum distribution, and formulae for finite-volume corrections to several well-known thermodynamic identities.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2011

Glueball masses from ratios of path integrals

By generalizing our previous work on the parity symmetry, the partition function of a Yang-Mills theory is decomposed into a sum of path integrals each giving the contribution from multiplets of states with fixed quantum numbers associated to parity, charge conjugation, translations, rotations and central conjugations. Ratios of path integrals and correlation functions can then be computed with a multi-level Monte Carlo integration scheme whose numerical cost, at a fixed statistical precision and at asymptotically large times, increases power-like with the time extent of the lattice. The strategy is implemented for the SU(3) Yang-Mills theory, and a full-fledged computation of the mass and multiplicity of the lightest glueball with vacuum quantum numbers is carried out at two values of the lattice spacing (0.17 and 0.12 fm).

hep-lat↗

arXiv2011

Thermal momentum distribution from path integrals with shifted boundary conditions

For a thermal field theory formulated in the grand canonical ensemble, the distribution of the total momentum is an observable characterizing the thermal state. We show that its cumulants are related to thermodynamic potentials. In a relativistic system for instance, the thermal variance of the total momentum is a direct measure of the enthalpy. We relate the generating function of the cumulants to the ratio of (a) a partition function expressed as a Matsubara path integral with shifted boundary conditions in the compact direction, and (b) the ordinary partition function. In this form the generating function is well suited for Monte-Carlo evaluation, and the cumulants can be extracted straightforwardly. We test the method in the SU(3) Yang-Mills theory and obtain the entropy density at three different temperatures.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2010

Glueball masses with exponentially improved statistical precision

We briefly review the computational strategy we have recently introduced for computing glueball masses and matrix elements, which achieves an exponential reduction of statistical errors compared to standard techniques. The global symmetries of the theory play a crucial role in the approach. We show how our previous work on parity can be generalized to other symmetries. In particular we discuss how to extract the mass of the 0++, 2++ and 0-+ lightest glueballs avoiding the exponential degradation of the signal to noise ratio. We present new numerical results and update the published ones.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2010

A novel approach for computing glueball masses and matrix elements in Yang-Mills theories on the lattice

We make use of the global symmetries of the Yang-Mills theory on the lattice to design a new computational strategy for extracting glueball masses and matrix elements which achieves an exponential reduction of the statistical error with respect to standard techniques. By generalizing our previous work on the parity symmetry, the partition function of the theory is decomposed into a sum of path integrals each giving the contribution from multiplets of states with fixed quantum numbers associated to parity, charge conjugation, translations, rotations and central conjugations Z_N^3. Ratios of path integrals and correlation functions can then be computed with a multi-level Monte Carlo integration scheme whose numerical cost, at a fixed statistical precision and at asymptotically large times, increases power-like with the time extent of the lattice. The strategy is implemented for the SU(3) Yang--Mills theory, and a full-fledged computation of the mass and multiplicity of the lightest glueball with vacuum quantum numbers is carried out at a lattice spacing of 0.17 fm.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2010

Towards a precise determination of the topological susceptibility in the SU(3) Yang-Mills theory

An ongoing effort to compute the topological susceptibility for the SU(3) Yang-Mills theory in the continuum limit with a precison of about 2% is reported. The susceptibility is computed by using the definition of the charge suggested by Neuberger fermions for two values of the negative mass parameter s. Finite volume and discretization effects are estimated to meet this level of precision. The large statistics required has been obtained by using PCs of the INFN-GRID. Simulations with larger lattice volumes are necessary in order to better understanding the continuum limit at small lattice spacing values.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2009

Symmetries and exponential error reduction in YM theories on the lattice: theoretical aspects and simulation results

The path integral of a quantum system with an exact symmetry can be written as a sum of functional integrals each giving the contribution from quantum states with definite symmetry properties. We propose a strategy to compute each of them, normalized to the one with vacuum quantum numbers, by a Monte Carlo procedure whose cost increases power-like with the time extent of the lattice. This is achieved thanks to a multi-level integration scheme, inspired by the transfer matrix formalism, which exploits the symmetry and the locality in time of the underlying statistical system. As a result the cost of computing the lowest energy level in a given channel, its multiplicity and its matrix elements is exponentially reduced with respect to the standard path-integral Monte Carlo. We briefly illustrate the approach in the simple case of the one-dimensional harmonic oscillator and discuss in some detail its extension to the four-dimensional Yang Mills theories. We report on our recent new results in the SU(3) Yang--Mills theory on the relative contribution to the partition function of the parity-odd states.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2009

Symmetries and exponential error reduction in Yang-Mills theories on the lattice

The partition function of a quantum field theory with an exact symmetry can be decomposed into a sum of functional integrals each giving the contribution from states with definite symmetry properties. The composition rules of the corresponding transfer matrix elements can be exploited to devise a multi-level Monte Carlo integration scheme for computing correlation functions whose numerical cost, at a fixed precision and at asymptotically large times, increases power-like with the time extent of the lattice. As a result the numerical effort is exponentially reduced with respect to the standard Monte Carlo procedure. We test this strategy in the SU(3) Yang--Mills theory by evaluating the relative contribution to the partition function of the parity odd states.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2008

Chiral symmetry breaking and the Banks--Casher relation in lattice QCD with Wilson quarks

The Banks--Casher relation links the spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry in QCD to the presence of a non-zero density of quark modes at the low end of the spectrum of the Dirac operator. Spectral observables like the number of modes in a given energy interval are renormalizable and can therefore be computed using the Wilson formulation of lattice QCD even though the latter violates chiral symmetry at energies on the order of the inverse lattice spacing. Using numerical simulations, we find (in two-flavour QCD) that the low quark modes do condense in the expected way. In particular, the chiral condensate can be accurately calculated simply by counting the low modes on large lattices. Other spectral observables can be considered as well and have a potentially wide range of uses.

hep-lat↗