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Liangsuo Shu

Publications and source records attributed to Liangsuo Shu.

10 recordsLinked to original sources

Phase transition of spacetime: particles as black holes in anti-de Sitter space

In this work, we re-examined the ancient complex metric in the recent quantum picture of black holes as Bose-Einstein condensates of gravitons. Both black holes and particles can be described by the complex Kerr-Newman metric in a 6-D complex space, which appears as a 4-D spacetime for a real or imaginary observer because of the barrier of the horizon. As two kind of complex black holes, particle and black hole are complex conjugated and can convert into each other through a phase transition. From the view of an observer in 3-D real space, an elementary particle with spin appears as an imaginary black hole in an anti-de Sitter space. The self-gravitational interaction of a particle as an imaginary black hole makes it obtain its wave-like nature in 4-D spacetime.

physics.gen-ph

Fluctuation and Inertia

In this work, using Jacobson's idea: '$δ$Q=TdS hold for all the local Rindler causal horizons through each spacetime point', we found that the transitions between the excited and ground state of a particle in a linear acceleration satisfy the fluctuation theorem. The up transition from the ground state to the excited state is an entropy-decreasing process, which requires an external force to contribute equal entropy increase to satisfy the second law of thermodynamics.

gr-qc

Surface tension of the horizon

The idea of treating the horizon of a black hole as a stretched membrane with surface tension has a long history. In this work, we discuss the microscopic origin of the surface tension of the horizon in quantum pictures of spaces, which are Bose-Einstein condensates of gravitons. The horizon is a phase interface of gravitons, the surface tension of which is found to be a result of the difference in the strength of the interaction between the gravitons on its two sides. The gravitational source, such as a Schwarzschild black hole, creates a transitional zone by changing the energy and distribution of its surrounding gravitons. Archimedes' principle for gravity can be expressed as follows: "the gravity on an object is equal to the weight of the gravitons that it displaces."

gr-qc

Black hole as fireplace: limited communications across the horizon

An insightful viewpoint was proposed by Susskind about AMPS firewall: the region behind the firewall does not exist and the firewall is an extension of the singularity. In this work, we provided a possible picture of this idea by combining Newman's complex metric and Dvali-Gomez BEC black holes, which are Bose-Einstein condensates of N gravitons. The inner space behind the horizon is a realized imaginary space encrusted by the real space outside the horizon. In this way, the singularity extents to the horizon to make a firewall for the infalling observer. Some gravitons escape during the fluctuation of the BEC black hole, resulting in a micro-transparent horizon which makes the firewall exposes slightly to an observer outside the horizon. This picture allows limited communications across the horizon.

hep-th

Thermodynamics of static: Observers in Gibbs paradox

In this work, Gibbs paradox was discussed from the view of observer. The limitations of real observer are analyzed quantitatively. The entropy of mixing was found to be determined by both the identification ability and the information already in hand of an observer.

physics.class-ph

Carnot's theorem and Szilárd engine

In this work, the relationship between Carnot engine and Szilárd engine was discussed. By defining the available information about the temperature difference between two heat reservoirs, the Carnot engine was found to have a same physical essence with Szilárd engine: lossless conversion of available information. Thus, a generalized Carnot's theorem for wider scope of application can be described as "all the available information is 100% coded into work".

physics.class-ph

Aquaporin-1 can work as a Maxwell's Demon in the Body

Aquaporin-1 (AQP1) is a membrane protein which is selectively permeable to water. Due to its dumbbell shape, AQP1 can sense the size information of solute molecules in osmosis. At the cost of consuming this information, AQP1 can move water against its chemical potential gradient: it is able to work as one kind of Maxwell's Demon. This effect was detected quantitatively by measuring the water osmosis of mice red blood cells. This ability may protect the red blood cells from the eryptosis elicited by osmotic shock when they move in the kidney, where a large gradient of urea is required for the urine concentrating mechanism. This finding anticipates a new beginning of inquiries into the complicated relationships among mass, energy and information in bio-systems.

physics.bio-ph

Modified Kedem-Katchalsky equations for osmosis through nano-pore

This work presents a modified Kedem-Katchalsky equations for osmosis through nano-pore. osmotic reflection coefficient of a solute was found to be chiefly affected by the entrance of the pore while filtration reflection coefficient can be affected by both the entrance and the internal structure of the pore. Using an analytical method, we get the quantitative relationship between osmotic reflection coefficient and the molecule size. The model is verified by comparing the theoretical results with the reported experimental data of aquaporin osmosis. Our work is expected to pave the way for a better understanding of osmosis in bio-system and to give us new ideas in designing new membranes with better performance.

physics.bio-ph

Maxwell's demon and information channel width of a black hole

Using a new generalized second law of thermodynamics, the information and entropy of a black hole and its accretion disk are analyzed respectively. We find the bound of the information channel width of a black hole, which is determined by the variation rate of the horizon temperature and the mass of the black hole's shell(the accretion disk close to the horizon).

quant-ph

EPR Paradox and Magician's Props

Local realism has been knocked down by the experiments with entangled pairs of particles based on Bell's theorem(J. S. Bell, Physics (Long Island City, N.Y.) 1, 195 (1964)). However, there has been continuing debate on whether locality or realism is the problem. In this work, we analyzed the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen thought experiment of Bohm's version using information theory and thermodynamics. The inference of non-locality from EPR experiments will be against the principle of non-realism of quantum mechanics. Therefore, the experiments about quantum entanglement cannot provide any proof to accuse locality.

quant-ph