arXiv subjects

Liaoyuan Fan

Publications and source records attributed to Liaoyuan Fan.

11 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

AlayaWorld: Interactive Long-Horizon World Modeling - Full Technical Report (v1.1)

This report presents an improved version of AlayaWorld. While the backbone architecture, chunk-wise autoregressive generation scheme, and training data remain unchanged from the previous release, we substantially revise how conditioning signals are represented and integrated into the model. The new design is guided by a simple principle: conditioning signals should match the generated content as closely as possible in both latent representation and temporal structure. To this end, we make two major changes. First, we replace the previous depth-warping-based spatial memory with a streaming 3D point-cache renderer. Second, we redesign the conditioning pipeline so that visual conditions are encoded in the same causal-VAE latent space, with temporal statistics consistent with those of the generated video. Concretely, the new version introduces six modifications: (1) replacing static-frame image conditioning with motion-aware latent conditioning; (2) causally encoding re-rendered spatial memory as a continuous sequence; (3) aligning the temporal-memory window in pixel space; (4) adopting hard memory dropout that removes memory tokens rather than zeroing them; (5) unifying the VAE encoding and decoding protocol across training and inference; and (6) removing the camera AdaLN branch, such that viewpoint control is provided entirely through the re-rendered spatial condition.

cs.AI↗

arXiv2026

Video Models as Native 4D Renderers: World-Grounded Conditioning from Animated Mesh

Pretrained video diffusion models can act as renderers when the desired scene state is already specified by an animated mesh, a camera trajectory, and a reference image. This 4D generative rendering setting raises a representation question: what image-format condition lets a video backbone obey both camera motion and scene-internal animation? We propose DAR, a reference-guided renderer that extends Wan2.2 camera control from Plücker rays alone to a joint camera-plus-geometry interface. DAR projects a neural 4D G-buffer (tracking, world position, and normal) from the animated mesh and injects it through a widened control adapter while preserving the pretrained image-to-video prior. The central design choice is the pair of tracking and world position. Tracking identifies the persistent surface element that should carry appearance; world position gives its current scene-coordinate state; normal supplies local shape. Depth plus calibrated rays can recover 3D in principle, but depth is a camera-dependent chart in which camera and object motion are mixed. On the 68-case DAR-4D benchmark, LoRA DAR reaches PSNR 23.22, SSIM 0.895, and LPIPS 0.134, improving over off-the-shelf Wan2.2-Depth by 1.54 dB PSNR; a full fine-tune reaches PSNR 25.36 and SSIM 0.917. Matched ablations show that replacing world position by depth reduces PSNR by 1.26--1.55 dB at every checkpoint, supporting tracking+world-position correspondence as a practical 4D rendering condition.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2026

Agogic: Performance-Timed Music Tokens for LLM-Native Text-to-Symbolic-Music Generation

Text-to-music language models begin with a choice usually made by default: how to tokenize music. Normally entangled with backbone, data, and recipe, its effect has never been measured in isolation. We fix pretrained Qwen3.5 (0.8B-27B), data, budget, and decoding, and swap only the representation across seven tokenizations, anchoring texture metrics to each representation's model-free ceiling. The ordering is clean and surprising: representation, not model size, is the binding variable for distributional fidelity. Scaling the backbone 34x barely moves Frechet Music Distance (FMD), whereas switching representation halves it. PMT, a performance-resolution stream we release (10 ms timing, per-note velocity, multi-track texture; 609 symbols), reaches FMD 159 at 0.8B against 272-286 for beat grids (1.7-1.8x lower, up to 2.8x elsewhere; non-overlapping bootstrap CIs), so a 0.8B performance-resolution model beats a 27B beat grid. It reappears on a 26M from-scratch backbone and a second performance-resolution tokenizer: a property of the class, not one lucky vocabulary. Nor is it a finer-lattice artifact: snapping PMT's onsets to the beat grids' resolution still leaves it 67-129 FMD ahead of both (n=500). The effect is distributional; whether it is audible is a separate question, left open by our probe, with a human study pre-registered. Native caption adherence is weak but separable: a lightweight decode-time constraint doubles instrument-F1 (.28 to .60) and Correct-Key (.16 to .35) at no distributional cost. We release the harness, 25+ checkpoints, two corpora (86.6k aligned across caption/MIDI/ABC/audio; 6.25M captioned, the largest for music), and an imprinting diagnostic: published text-to-MIDI systems reproduce their training distribution near-invariant to the caption (72% vs. 71% chord-time on disjoint domains). The field's next representation claim can now be measured, not asserted.

cs.SD↗

arXiv2026

AlayaWorld: Interactive Long-Horizon World Modeling -- Full Technical Report

Unlike conventional video game development, which relies on labor-intensive pipelines for asset production, animation, physics, and programming, video world models generate interactive environments from user inputs instantly. It enable us to create customized, explorable, and continuously evolving virtual world from text, an image, or video. Realizing this vision requires four tightly coupled capabilities: interaction, persistent spatiotemporal consistency, stable long-horizon generation, and efficient response. We present AlayaWorld, an interactive long-horizon video world model that generates 24-fps video at 540p and 720p. Built on a 15B video diffusion transformer, AlayaWorld generates short latent chunks autoregressively under camera trajectories and switchable text prompts. Its bounded visual context combines a persistent sink frame, compressed temporal history, geometry-aligned spatial memory, and recent-frame conditioning. To reduce long-term drift, the model is trained with corrupted histories and prediction residuals collected from its own roll-outs. We further introduce a discrete autoregressive distillation formulation that combines distribution-matching distillation, self-forcing++, and consistency distillation, reducing inference from approximately 30 sampling steps to four steps per chunk. On iWorld-Bench, AlayaWorld achieves the best performance over long-horizon generation. Conceived as a full-stack, open-source, and long-term project, AlayaWorld is intended to provide an extensible foundation for future research on interactive video world models.

cs.AI↗

arXiv2026

Thinking Ahead: Foresight Intelligence in MLLMs and World Model

In this work, we define Foresight Intelligence as the capability to anticipate and interpret future events-an ability essential for applications such as autonomous driving, yet largely overlooked by existing research. To bridge this gap, we introduce FSU-QA, a new Visual Question-Answering (VQA) dataset specifically designed to elicit and evaluate Foresight Intelligence. Using FSU-QA, we conduct the first comprehensive study of state-of-the-art Vision-Language Models (VLMs) under foresight-oriented tasks, revealing that current models still struggle to reason about future situations. Beyond serving as a benchmark, FSU-QA also enables the assessment of world models by measuring the semantic coherence of their generated predictions, quantified through performance gains when VLMs are augmented with such outputs. Our experiments further demonstrate that FSU-QA can effectively enhance foresight reasoning: even small VLMs fine-tuned on FSU-QA surpass much larger, advanced models by a substantial margin. Together, these findings position FSU-QA as a principled foundation for developing next-generation models capable of truly anticipating and understanding future events. Furthermore, beyond model performance, we examine whether WM-generated predictions remain semantically consistent by using VLM-based proxy judges, and validate this evaluation protocol through shuffled control experiments. Fine-tuning models on FSU-QA leads to substantial improvements in foresight understanding, demonstrating the dataset's effectiveness and offering a principled foundation for future research.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2026

AlayaWorld: Long-Horizon and Playable Video World Generation

Game worlds have traditionally been built through labor-intensive production pipelines, making them costly to develop, difficult to customization, and expensive to modify after deployment. Recent advances in video world models offer a fundamentally different paradigm. Rather than explicitly authoring every component of a virtual environment, these models autoregressively synthesize future observations conditioned on the current world state and user interactions, enabling playable worlds to be generated online. Trained on both gameplay recordings and real-world videos, they can capture diverse visual appearances and physical dynamics, opening new opportunities for interactive applications beyond gaming, including embodied intelligence. In this paper, we present \textbf{AlayaWorld}, a full-stack open-source framework for building interactive generative worlds. AlayaWorld enables open-ended real-time interaction, allowing users to freely navigate and perform diverse actions such as combat, spell casting, and monster summoning. The framework unifies the complete development-from data preparation model architecture, model training, inference acceleration, and deployment-within a modular and extensible architecture. Alongside the framework, we release reproducible pipelines, reference implementations, evaluation tools, and comprehensive documentation, establishing a practical foundation for future research and real-time applications of generative world models.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2026

ConsistNav: Closing the Action Consistency Gap in Zero-Shot Object Navigation with Semantic Executive Control

Zero-shot object navigation has advanced rapidly with open-vocabulary detectors, image--text models, and language-guided exploration. However, even after current methods detect a plausible target hypothesis, the agent may still oscillate between exploration and pursuit, or abandon the object near success. We identify this failure mode as an action consistency gap: semantic evidence is repeatedly reinterpreted at each step without persistent commitment across the episode. We introduce ConsistNav, a training-free zero-shot ObjectNav framework built around a semantic executive composed of three coordinated modules: Finite-State Executive Controller stages target pursuit through guarded semantic phases; Persistent Candidate Memory accumulates cross-frame target evidence into stable object hypotheses; and Stability-Aware Action Control suppresses rotational stagnation, ineffective pursuit, and unverified stopping. This design changes neither the detector nor the low-level planner; instead, it controls when semantic evidence should influence navigation and when it should be suppressed or revisited. We conduct extensive experiments on HM3D and MP3D, where ConsistNav achieves state-of-the-art results among compared zero-shot ObjectNav methods and improves SR by 11.4% and SPL by 7.9% over the controlled baseline on MP3D. Ablation studies and real-world deployment experiments further demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed executive mechanism.

cs.RO↗

arXiv2026

AIM: Intent-Aware Unified world action Modeling with Spatial Value Maps

Pretrained video generation models provide strong priors for robot control, but existing unified world action models still struggle to decode reliable actions without substantial robot-specific training. We attribute this limitation to a structural mismatch: while video models capture how scenes evolve, action generation requires explicit reasoning about where to interact and the underlying manipulation intent. We introduce AIM, an intent-aware unified world action model that bridges this gap via an explicit spatial interface. Instead of decoding actions directly from future visual representations, AIM predicts an aligned spatial value map that encodes task-relevant interaction structure, enabling a control-oriented abstraction of future dynamics. Built on a pretrained video generation model, AIM jointly models future observations and value maps within a shared mixture-of-transformers architecture. It employs intent-causal attention to route future information to the action branch exclusively through the value representation. We further propose a self-distillation reinforcement learning stage that freezes the video and value branches and optimizes only the action head using dense rewards derived from projected value-map responses together with sparse task-level signals. To support training and evaluation, we construct a simulation dataset of 30K manipulation trajectories with synchronized multi-view observations, actions, and value-map annotations. Experiments on RoboTwin 2.0 benchmark show that AIM achieves a 94.0% average success rate, significantly outperforming prior unified world action baselines. Notably, the improvement is more pronounced in long-horizon and contact-sensitive manipulation tasks, demonstrating the effectiveness of explicit spatial-intent modeling as a bridge between visual world modeling and robot control.

cs.RO↗

arXiv2026

DINO-Tok: Adapting DINO for Visual Tokenizers

Recent advances in visual generation have emphasized the importance of Latent Generative Models (LGMs), which critically depend on effective visual tokenizers to bridge pixels and semantic representations. However, tokenizers constructed on pre-trained vision foundation models (VFMs) often struggle to balance semantic richness and reconstruction fidelity in high-dimensional latent spaces. In this paper, we introduce DINO-Tok, a visual tokenizer built upon a frozen DINO encoder that supports both continuous autoencoding (DINO-Tok-AE) and discrete vector-quantization (DINO-Tok-VQ). By unifying hierarchical representations from both shallow fine-grained features and deep global semantics into an information-complete latent space, DINO-Tok preserves texture details while maintaining \textit{semantic consistency} for generation. We further investigate VQ in frozen semantic feature spaces of high dimensionality, where information dilution and codebook collapse frequently arise. To address this issue, we propose Dominant-Subspace Quantization (DSQ), which leverages a global PCA analysis to select principal components while suppressing noisy dimensions, thereby stabilizing codebook optimization and improving reconstruction and generation quality. On ImageNet 256x256, DINO-Tok achieves strong reconstruction performance, achieving 0.28 rFID for continuous autoencoding and 1.10 rFID for discrete VQ, as well as strong few-step generation performance 1.82 gFID for diffusion and 2.44 gFID for autoregressive generation. These results demonstrate that pre-trained VFMs such as DINO can be directly adapted into high-fidelity, semantically aligned visual tokenizers for next-generation latent generative models. Code will be publicly available at https://github.com/MKJia/DINO-Tok.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2025

NuGrounding: A Multi-View 3D Visual Grounding Framework in Autonomous Driving

Multi-view 3D visual grounding is critical for autonomous driving vehicles to interpret natural languages and localize target objects in complex environments. However, existing datasets and methods suffer from coarse-grained language instructions, and inadequate integration of 3D geometric reasoning with linguistic comprehension. To this end, we introduce NuGrounding, the first large-scale benchmark for multi-view 3D visual grounding in autonomous driving. We present a Hierarchy of Grounding (HoG) method to construct NuGrounding to generate hierarchical multi-level instructions, ensuring comprehensive coverage of human instruction patterns. To tackle this challenging dataset, we propose a novel paradigm that seamlessly combines instruction comprehension abilities of multi-modal LLMs (MLLMs) with precise localization abilities of specialist detection models. Our approach introduces two decoupled task tokens and a context query to aggregate 3D geometric information and semantic instructions, followed by a fusion decoder to refine spatial-semantic feature fusion for precise localization. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method significantly outperforms the baselines adapted from representative 3D scene understanding methods by a significant margin and achieves 0.59 in precision and 0.64 in recall, with improvements of 50.8% and 54.7%.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2024

SCBench: A Sports Commentary Benchmark for Video LLMs

Recently, significant advances have been made in Video Large Language Models (Video LLMs) in both academia and industry. However, methods to evaluate and benchmark the performance of different Video LLMs, especially their fine-grained, temporal visual capabilities, remain very limited. On one hand, current benchmarks use relatively simple videos (e.g., subtitled movie clips) where the model can understand the entire video by processing just a few frames. On the other hand, their datasets lack diversity in task format, comprising only QA or multi-choice QA, which overlooks the models' capacity for generating in-depth and precise texts. Sports videos, which feature intricate visual information, sequential events, and emotionally charged commentary, present a critical challenge for Video LLMs, making sports commentary an ideal benchmarking task. Inspired by these challenges, we propose a novel task: sports video commentary generation, developed $\textbf{SCBench}$ for Video LLMs. To construct such a benchmark, we introduce (1) $\textbf{SCORES}$, a six-dimensional metric specifically designed for our task, upon which we propose a GPT-based evaluation method, and (2) $\textbf{CommentarySet}$, a dataset consisting of 5,775 annotated video clips and ground-truth labels tailored to our metric. Based on SCBench, we conduct comprehensive evaluations on multiple Video LLMs (e.g. VILA, Video-LLaVA, etc.) and chain-of-thought baseline methods. Our results found that InternVL-Chat-2 achieves the best performance with 5.44, surpassing the second-best by 1.04. Our work provides a fresh perspective for future research, aiming to enhance models' overall capabilities in complex visual understanding tasks. Our dataset will be released soon.

cs.CV↗