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Liding Yao

Publications and source records attributed to Liding Yao.

16 recordsLinked to original sources

A Bourgain-Gromov problem on non-compact Sobolev-Lorentz embeddings

We study the non-compact Sobolev embeddings into the optimal scale of Lorentz spaces, $W_0^mL^{p,q}(\Omega) \to L^{\frac{dp}{d - mp},r}(\Omega)$, where $\Omega \subseteq \mathbb{R}^d$, $1 \le m \le d$ and $0<q<r\le\infty$ with $1<p<\frac dm$ or $p=q=1$. We show that these embeddings are finitely strictly singular with certain upper bounds on the decay rate of the Bernstein numbers. We reduce the Sobolev embeddings to embeddings of Besov spaces and sequence spaces, which simplifies the previous methods by Bourgain-Gromov and Lang-Mihula.

math.FA

On $\overline\partial$ homotopy formulae for product domains: Nijenhuis-Woolf's formulae and optimal Sobolev estimates

We construct homotopy formulae $f=\overline\partial\mathcal H_qf+\mathcal H_{q+1}\overline\partial f$ for $(0,q)$ forms on the product domain $\Omega_1\times\dots\times\Omega_m$, where each $\Omega_j$ is either a bounded Lipschitz domain in $\mathbb C^1$, a bounded strongly pseudoconvex domain with $C^2$ boundary, or a smooth convex domain of finite type. Such homotopy operators $\mathcal H_q$ yield solutions to the $\overline\partial$ equation with optimal Sobolev regularity $W^{k,p}\to W^{k,p}$ simultaneously for all $k\in\mathbb Z$ and $1<p<\infty$.

math.CV

A universal $\overline\partial$ solution operator on nonsmooth strongly pseudoconvex domains

We construct homotopy formulae $f=\overline\partial \mathcal H_q f+\mathcal H_{q+1}\overline\partial f$ on a bounded domain which is either $C^2$ strongly pseudoconvex or $C^{1,1}$ strongly $\mathbb C$-linearly convex. Such operators exhibit Sobolev estimates $\mathcal H_q:H^{s,p}\to H^{s+1/2,p}$ and H\"older-Zygmund estimates $\mathcal H_q:\mathscr C^s\to\mathscr C^{s+1/2}$ simultaneously for all $s\in\mathbb R$ and $1<p<\infty$. In particular this provides the existence and $\frac12$ estimate for solution operator on Sobolev space of negative index these domains. The construction uses a new decomposition for the commutator $[\overline\partial,\mathcal E]$.

math.CV

A Classification Theorem on Non-compact Embeddings between Besov Spaces

We analyze the embedding properties between Besov spaces, defined on the total space $\mathbb R^n$ and on bounded domains. We give a complete classification on whether or not these embedding maps satisfy certain weak compactness characterized by the so-called strictly and finitely strictly singular condition. The result extends the recent findings on Sobolev embeddings by offering a refined description of the quality of non-compactness in the setting of Besov spaces.

math.FA

On Seeley-type Universal Extension Operators for the Upper Half Space

Modified from the standard half-space extension via reflection principle, we construct a linear extension operator for the upper half space $\Bbb R^n_+$ that has the form $Ef(x)=\sum_{j=-\infty}^\infty a_jf(x',-b_jx_n)$ for $x_n<0$. We prove that $E$ is bounded in all $C^k$-spaces, Sobolev and Hölder spaces, Besov and Triebel-Lizorkin spaces, along with their Morrey generalizations. We also give an analogous construction on bounded smooth domains.

math.CA

Some Intrinsic Characterizations of Besov-Triebel-Lizorkin-Morrey-type Spaces on Lipschitz Domains

We give Littlewood-Paley type characterizations for Besov-Triebel-Lizorkin-type spaces $\mathscr B_{pq}^{sτ},\mathscr F_{pq}^{sτ}$ and Besov-Morrey spaces $\mathcal N_{uqp}^s$ on a special Lipschitz domain $Ω\subset\mathbb R^n$: for a suitable sequence of Schwartz functions $(ϕ_j)_{j=0}^\infty$, $\|f\|_{\mathscr B_{pq}^{sτ}(Ω)}\approx\sup_{P\text{ dyadic cubes}}|P|^{-τ}\|(2^{js}ϕ_j\ast f)_{j=\log_2\ell(P)}^\infty\|_{\ell^q(L^p(Ω\cap P))};$ $\|f\|_{\mathscr F_{pq}^{sτ}(Ω)}\approx\sup_{P\text{ dyadic cubes}}|P|^{-τ}\|(2^{js}ϕ_j\ast f)_{j=\log_2\ell(P)}^\infty\|_{L^p(Ω\cap P;\ell^q)};$ $\|f\|_{\mathcal N_{uqp}^{s}(Ω)}\approx\big\|\big(\sup_{P\text{ dyadic cubes}}|P|^{\frac1u-\frac1p}\cdot 2^{js}\|ϕ_j\ast f\|_{L^p(Ω\cap P)}\big)_{j=0}^\infty\big\|_{\ell^q}.$ We also show that $\|f\|_{\mathscr B_{pq}^{sτ}(Ω)}$, $\|f\|_{\mathscr F_{pq}^{sτ}(Ω)}$ and $\|f\|_{\mathcal N_{uqp}^{s}(Ω)}$ have equivalent (quasi-)norms via derivatives: for $\mathscr X^\bullet\in\{\mathscr B_{pq}^{\bullet,τ},\mathscr F_{pq}^{\bullet,τ},\mathcal N_{uqp}^\bullet\}$, we have $\|f\|_{\mathscr X^s(Ω)}\approx\sum_{|α|\le m}\|\partial^αf\|_{\mathscr X^{s-m}(Ω)}$. In particular $\|f\|_{\mathscr F_{\infty q}^s(Ω)}\approx\sum_{|α|\le m}\|\partial^αf\|_{\mathscr F_{\infty q}^{s-m}(Ω)}\approx\sup_{P}|P|^{-n/q}\|(2^{js}ϕ_j\ast f)_{j=\log_2\ell(P)}^\infty\|_{\ell^q(L^q(Ω\cap P))}$ for all $0<q<\infty$.

math.FA

A linear operator bounded in all Besov but not in Triebel-Lizorkin spaces

We construct a linear operator $T:\mathscr S'(\mathbb R^n)\to \mathscr S'(\mathbb R^n)$ such that $T:\mathscr B_{pq}^s(\mathbb R^n)\to\mathscr B_{pq}^s(\mathbb R^n)$ for all $0<p,q\le\infty$ and $s\in\mathbb R$, but $T(\mathscr F_{pq}^s(\mathbb R^n))\not\subset \mathscr F_{pq}^s(\mathbb R^n)$ unless $p=q$. As a result Triebel-Lizorkin spaces cannot be interpolated from Besov spaces unless $p=q$. In the appendix we purpose a question for the interpolation framework via structured Banach spaces.

math.FA

New Estimates of Rychkov's Universal Extension Operator for Lipschitz Domains and Some Applications

Given a bounded Lipschitz domain $Ω\subset\mathbb R^n$, Rychkov showed that there is a linear extension operator $\mathcal E$ for $Ω$ which is bounded in Besov and Triebel-Lizorkin spaces. In this paper we introduce some new estimates for the extension operator $\mathcal E$ and give some applications. We prove the equivalent norms $\|f\|_{\mathscr A_{pq}^s(Ω)}\approx\sum_{|α|\le m}\|\partial^αf\|_{\mathscr A_{pq}^{s-m}(Ω)}$ for general Besov and Triebel-Lizorkin spaces. We also derive some quantitative smoothing estimates of the extended function and all its derivatives on $\overlineΩ^c$ up to the boundary.

math.CA

The Frobenius Theorem for Log-Lipschitz Subbundles

We extend the definition of involutivity to non-Lipschitz tangent subbundles using generalized functions. We prove the Frobenius Theorem with sharp regularity estimate when the subbundle is log-Lipschitz: if $\mathcal V$ is a log-Lipschitz involutive subbundle of rank $r$, then for any $\varepsilon>0$, locally there is a homeomorphism $Φ(u,v)$ such that $Φ,\frac{\partialΦ}{\partial u^1},\dots,\frac{\partialΦ}{\partial u^r}\in C^{0,1-\varepsilon}$, and $\mathcal V$ is spanned by the continuous vector fields $Φ_*\frac\partial{\partial u^1},\dots,Φ_*\frac\partial{\partial u^r}$.

math.CA

A Solution Operator for the $\overline\partial$ Equation in Sobolev Spaces of Negative Index

Let $Ω$ be a strictly pseudoconvex domain in $\mathbb{C}^n$ with $C^{k+2}$ boundary, $k \geq 1$. We construct a $\overline\partial$ solution operator (depending on $k$) that gains $\frac12$ derivative in the Sobolev space $H^{s,p} (Ω)$ for any $1 \frac{1}{p} -k$. If the domain is $C^{\infty}$, then there exists a $\overline\partial$ solution operator that gains $\frac12$ derivative in $H^{s,p}(Ω)$ for all $s \in \mathbb{R}$. We obtain our solution operators via the method of homotopy formula. A novel technique is the construction of ``anti-derivative operators'' for distributions defined on bounded Lipschitz domains.

math.CV

Sobolev and H\"older estimates for homotopy operators of the $\overline\partial$-equation on convex domains of finite multitype

We construct homotopy formulas for the $\overline\partial$-equation on convex domains of finite type that have optimal Sobolev and H\"older estimates. For a bounded smooth finite type convex domain $\Omega\subset\mathbb C^n$ that has $q$-type $m_q$ for $1\le q\le n$, our $\overline\partial$ solution operator $\mathcal H_q$ on $(0,q)$-forms has (fractional) Sobolev boundedness $\mathcal H_q:H^{s,p}\to H^{s+1/m_q,p}$ and H\"older-Zygmund boundedness $\mathcal H_q:\mathscr C^s\to\mathscr C^{s+1/m_q}$ for all $s\in\mathbb R$ and $1<p<\infty$. We also show the $L^p$-boundedness $\mathcal H_q:H^{s,p}\to H^{s,pr_q/(r_q-p)}$ for all $s\in\mathbb R$ and $1<p<r_q$, where $r_q:=(n-q+1)m_q+2q$.

math.CV

On Rough Frobenius-type Theorems and Their Hölder Estimates

The thesis studies Frobenius-type theorems in non-smooth settings. We extend the definition of involutivity to non-Lipschitz subbundles using generalized functions. We prove the real Frobenius Theorem with sharp regularity on log-Lipschitz subbundles. We also develop a singular version of the Frobenius theorem on log-Lipschitz vector fields: if $X_1,\dots,X_m$ are log-Lipschitz vector fields such that $[X_i,X_j]=\sum_{k=1}^mc_{ij}^kX_k$ where $c_{ij}^k$ are the derivatives of log-Lipschitz functions, then for any point $p$ there is a $C^1$-manifold containing $p$ such that $X_1,\dots,X_m$ span its tangent space. On the quantitative side, if $c_{ij}^k\in C^{α-1}$ where $1<α<2$ then on each leaf where $X_1,\dots,X_m$ span the tangent spaces we can find a regular parameterization $Φ$ such that $Φ^*X_1,\dots,Φ^*X_m$ are $C^α$, and their $C^α$ norm depend only on the diffeomorphic invariant quantities of $X_1,\dots,X_m$. For a complex Frobenius structure there is a coordinate chart $F$ that takes image in $\mathbb R^r_t\times\mathbb C^m_z\times \mathbb R^{N-r-2m}_s$, such that the structure is locally spanned by $F^*\partial_t,F^*\partial_z$. When it has Hölder regularity $α>1$, we show that the coordinate chart $F$ may be taken to be $\mathscr C^α$, and the vector fields $F^*\partial_t,F^*\partial_z$ are $\mathscr C^{α-ε}$ for every $ε>0$. We give an example to show that the regularity result for $F^*\partial_z$ is optimal. When a complex Frobenius structure $S$ is $C^α$ ($\frac12<α\le1$) such that $S+\bar S$ is log-Lipschitz, then for every $ε>0$ there is a $C^{2α-1-ε}$ homeomorphism $Φ(t,z,s)$ such that $S$ is spanned by $Φ_*\partial_t,Φ_*\partial_z\in C^{2α-1-ε}$.

math.CA

Improving the Regularity of Vector Fields

Let $α>0$, $β>α$, and let $X_1,\ldots, X_q$ be $\mathscr{C}^α_{\mathrm{loc}}$ vector fields on a $\mathscr{C}^{α+1}$ manifold which span the tangent space at every point, where $\mathscr{C}^{s}$ denotes the Zygmund-Hölder space of order $s$. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for when there is a $\mathscr{C}^{β+1}$ structure on the manifold, compatible with its $\mathscr{C}^{α+1}$ structure, with respect to which $X_1,\ldots, X_q$ are $\mathscr{C}^β_{\mathrm{loc}}$. This strengthens previous results of the first author which dealt with the setting $α>1$, $β>\max\{ α, 2\}$.

math.CA

Sharp Hölder Regularity for Nirenberg's Complex Frobenius Theorem

Nirenberg's famous complex Frobenius theorem gives necessary and sufficient conditions on a locally integrable structure for when the manifold is locally diffeomorphic to $\mathbb R^r\times\mathbb C^m\times \mathbb R^{N-r-2m}$ through a coordinate chart $F$ in such a way that the structure is locally spanned by $F^*\frac\partial{\partial t^1},\dots,F^*\frac\partial{\partial t^r},F^*\frac\partial{\partial z^1},\dots,F^*\frac\partial{\partial z^m}$, where we have given $\mathbb R^r\times\mathbb C^m \times\mathbb R^{N-r-2m}$ coordinates $(t,z,s)$. In this paper, we give the optimal Hölder-Zygmund regularity for the coordinate charts which achieve this realization. Namely, if the structure has Hölder-Zygmund regularity of order $α>1$, then the coordinate chart $F$ that maps to $\mathbb R^r\times\mathbb C^m \times\mathbb R^{N-r-2m}$ may be taken to have Hölder-Zygmund regularity of order $α$, and this is sharp. Furthermore, we can choose this $F$ in such a way that the vector fields $F^*\frac\partial{\partial t^1},\dots,F^*\frac\partial{\partial t^r},F^*\frac\partial{\partial z^1},\dots,F^*\frac\partial{\partial z^m}$ on the original manifold have Hölder-Zygmund regularity of order $α-\varepsilon$ for every $\varepsilon>0$, and we give an example to show that the regularity for $F^*\frac\partial{\partial z}$ is optimal.

math.CV